無線遙控器的發(fā)展文獻翻譯.doc

黃河科技學院畢業(yè)設計（文獻翻譯） 第 2 頁單位代碼 01 學號_分 類 號 _ _ 密 級_ _ 文獻翻譯無線遙控器的發(fā)展 院（系）名稱 專業(yè)名稱 學生姓名 指導教師20年月日黃河科技學院畢業(yè)設計（文獻翻譯） 第 11 頁中文翻譯無線遙控器的發(fā)展 “無線遙控器”顧名思義，就是一種用來遠程控制機器的裝置。現代的遙控器，主要是由集成電路電板和用來產生不同訊息的按鈕所組成。時至今日，無線遙控器已經在生活中得到了越來越多的應用，給人們帶來了極大的便利。隨著科技的進步無線遙控器也擴展到了許多種類，簡單來說常見的有2種，一種是家電常用的紅外遙控模式（IR Remote Control），另一種是防盜報警設備、門窗遙控、汽車遙控等等常用的無線電遙控模式（RF Remote Control）。 到底是誰發(fā)明出第一個遙控器已不可考。但最早的遙控器之一，是一個叫尼古拉特斯拉（Nikola Tesla）（1856-1943）的發(fā)明家在1898年時開發(fā)出來的（美國專利613809號），叫做“Method of and Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles?！? 無線遙控器的類型1.1 紅外遙控器 家用紅外遙控器紅外遙控器（IR Remote Control）是利用波長為0.761.5m之間的近紅外線來傳送控制信號的遙控設備。 常用的紅外遙控系統(tǒng)一般分發(fā)射和接收兩個部分。發(fā)射部分的主要元件為紅外發(fā)光二極管。它實際上是一只特殊的發(fā)光二極管，由于其內部材料不同于普通發(fā)光二極管，因而在其兩端施加一定電壓時，它便發(fā)出的是紅外線而不是可見光。目前大量使用的紅外發(fā)光二極管發(fā)出的紅外線波長為940nm左右，外形與普通發(fā)光二極管相同，只是顏色不同。接收部分的主要元件為紅外接收二極管，一般有圓形和方形兩種。在實際應用中要給紅外接收二極管加反向偏壓，它才能正常工作，亦即紅外接收二極管在電路中應用時是反向運用，這樣才能獲得較高的靈敏度。 由于紅外發(fā)光二極管的發(fā)射功率一般都較?。?00mW左右），所以紅外接收二極管接收到的信號比較微弱，因此就要增加高增益放大電路，最近幾年大多都采用成品紅外接收頭。 成品紅外接收頭的封裝大致有兩種：一種采用鐵皮屏蔽；一種是塑料封裝。均有三只引腳，即電源正（VDD）、電源負（GND）和數據輸出（VOUT）。紅外接收頭的引腳排列因型號不同而不盡相同，可參考廠家的使用說明。成品紅外接收頭的優(yōu)點是不需要復雜的調試和外殼屏蔽，使用起來如同一只三極管，非常方便。但在使用時注意成品紅外接收頭的載波頻率。 紅外遙控常用的載波頻率為38kHz，這是由發(fā)射端所使用的455kHz晶振來決定的。在發(fā)射端要對晶振進行整數分頻，分頻系數一般取12，所以455kHz1237.9 kHz38kHz。也有一些遙控系統(tǒng)采用36kHz、40kHz、56kHz等，一般由發(fā)射端晶振的振蕩頻率來決定。 紅外遙控的特點是不影響周邊環(huán)境、不干擾其它電器設備。由于其無法穿透墻壁，故不同房間的家用電器可使用通用的遙控器而不會產生相互干擾；電路調試簡單，只要按給定電路連接無誤，一般不需任何調試即可投入工作；編解碼容易，可進行多路遙控。因此，現在紅外遙控在家用電器、室內近距離（小于10米）遙控中得到了廣泛的應用。1.2 無線電遙控器 發(fā)射與接收控制器模塊無線電遙控器（RF Remote Control）是利用無線電信號對遠方的各種機構進行控制的遙控設備。這些信號被遠方的接收設備接收后，可以指令或驅動其它各種相應的機械或者電子設備，去完成各種操作，如閉合電路、移動手柄、開動電機，之后再由這些機械進行需要的操作。作為一種與紅外遙控器相補充的遙控器種類，在車庫門、電動門、道閘遙控控制，防盜報警器，工業(yè)控制以及無線智能家居領域得到了廣泛的應用。 常用的無線電遙控系統(tǒng)一般分發(fā)射和接收兩個部分。發(fā)射部分一般分為兩種類型，即遙控器與發(fā)射模塊，遙控器和遙控模塊是對于使用方式來說的，遙控器可以當一個整機來獨立使用，對外引出線有接線樁頭；而遙控模塊在電路中當一個元件來使用，根據其引腳定義進行應用，使用遙控模塊的優(yōu)勢在于可以和應用電路天衣無縫的連接、體積小、價格低、物盡其用，但使用者必須真正懂得電路原理，否則還是用遙控器來的方便。接收部分一般來說也分為兩種類型，即超外差與超再生接收方式，超再生解調電路也稱超再生檢波電路，它實際上是工作在間歇振蕩狀態(tài)下的再生檢波電路。超外差式解調電路與超外差收音機相同，它是設置一本機振蕩電路產生振蕩信號，與接收到的載頻信號混頻后，得到中頻（一般為465kHz）信號，經中頻放大和檢波，解調出數據信號。由于載頻頻率是固定的，所以其電路要比收音機簡單一些。超外差式的接收器穩(wěn)定、靈敏度高、抗干擾能力也相對較好；超再生式的接收器體積小、價格便宜。 無線電遙控常用的載波頻率為315mHz或者433mHz，遙控器使用的是國家規(guī)定的開放頻段，在這一頻段內，發(fā)射功率小于10mW、覆蓋范圍小于100m或不超過本單位范圍的，可以不必經過“無線電管理委員會”審批而自由使用。我國的開放頻段規(guī)定為315mHz，而歐美等國家規(guī)定為433mHz，所以出口到上述國家的產品應使用433mHz的遙控器。 無線電遙控常用的編碼方式有兩種類型，即固定碼與滾動碼兩種，滾動碼是固定碼的升級換代產品，目前凡有保密性要求的場合，都使用滾動編碼方式。滾動碼編碼方式有如下優(yōu)點： 1、保密型強，每次發(fā)射后自動更換編碼，別人不能用“偵碼器”獲得地址碼； 2、編碼容量大，地址碼數量大于10萬組，使用中“重碼”的概率極?。?3、對碼容易，滾動碼具有學習存儲功能，不需動用烙鐵，可以在用戶現場對碼，而且一個接收器可以學入多達14個不同的發(fā)射器，在使用上具有高度的靈活性； 4、誤碼小，由于編碼上的優(yōu)勢，使得接收器在沒有收到本機碼時的誤動作幾乎為0。 固定碼的編碼容量僅為6561個，重碼概率極大，其編碼值可以通過焊點連接方式被看出，或是在使用現場用“偵碼器”來獲取，所以不具有保密性，主要應用于保密性要求較低的場合，因為其價格較低所以也得到了大量的應用。 無線電遙控器與紅外遙控器的區(qū)別（The difference between IR and RF Remote Control），紅外遙控和無線遙控是對不同的載波來說的，紅外遙控器是用紅外線來傳送控制信號的，它的特點是有方向性、不能有阻擋、距離一般不超過7米、不受電磁干擾，電視機遙控器就是紅外遙控器；無線電遙控器是用無線電波來傳送控制信號的，它的特點是無方向性、可以不“面對面”控制、距離遠（可達數十米，甚至數公里）、容易受電磁干擾。在需要遠距離穿透或者無方向性控制領域，比如工業(yè)控制等等，使用無線電遙控器較易解決。 2 無線遙控距離的影響因素 影響無線電遙控距離（Remote distance of RF Remote Control）的因素主要有如下幾點： 1、發(fā)射功率：發(fā)射功率大則距離遠，但耗電大，容易產生干擾； 2、接收靈敏度：接收器的接收靈敏度提高，遙控距離增大，但容易受干擾造成誤動或失控； 3、天線：采用直線型天線，并且相互平行，遙控距離遠，但占據空間大，在使用中把天線拉長、拉直可增加遙控距離； 4、高度：天線越高，遙控距離越遠，但受客觀條件限制； 5、阻擋：目前使用的無線遙控器使用國家規(guī)定的UHF頻段，其傳播特性和光近似，直線傳播，繞射較小，發(fā)射器和接收器之間如有墻壁阻擋將大大打折遙控距離，如果是鋼筋混泥土的墻壁，由于導體對電波的吸收作用，影響更甚。 3 工業(yè)無線遙控器的應用領域 3.1、工業(yè)行車：工業(yè)用行車是遙控系統(tǒng)應用最廣泛的領域之一，以德國為例，占遙控系統(tǒng)每年產量的40%左右；特別是冶金、汽車制造、造紙廠、物料倉庫等新增行車幾乎全部配備工業(yè)無線遙控器3； 3.2、汽車吊、隨車吊：通常，大型汽車吊遙控系統(tǒng)還配置了數據反饋裝置，反饋裝置可將運行參數（如負荷、起重臂長、負荷力矩、油溫，壓力，角度等）顯示在發(fā)射系統(tǒng)顯示屏上，操作人員可根據顯示數據來監(jiān)控吊車； 3.3、混凝土泵車：混凝土泵車操作時因控制臺距澆注作業(yè)面有幾十米（甚至上百米），傳統(tǒng)的操作方式需數人配合才能完成，由于效率低，限制了混凝土泵車的性能發(fā)揮；對于長距離、大排量的大型泵車，矛盾更為突出；采用工業(yè)無線遙控器可以最大地發(fā)揮整機的性能，泵車司機在工作地點駕車定位后，即可用攜帶遙控系統(tǒng)依次操作泵車的各個動作，如布料桿的左右回轉，多級桿的變幅升降等。操作人員可攜帶發(fā)射系統(tǒng)，遠離泵車控制臺，直接站在軟管噴口附近，控制布料桿的動作和混凝土泵的運作； 3.4、礦山機械：對于礦井里能見度較低的場合下，可選用配有反饋裝置的工業(yè)無線遙控器控制液壓機械。即使在能見度較低、環(huán)境惡劣的地方，也可以方便控制重型鑿巖機架鉆孔作業(yè)。操作員可以選擇最近的地點對位鉆孔，而不必呆在距鉆孔作業(yè)點十米以外的鉆孔機的操作臺上。無線電控制裝置采用IP65保護標準完全適應在潮濕和含鹽的環(huán)境中使用。大大增加了操作的安全性、舒適性和準確性，節(jié)約投資，提高了效率； 3.5、專用機械如：煉鋼廠清渣裝載機，采用工業(yè)無線遙控器對裝載機進行遙控改造，在不改變現有手動操作方式的前提下，百分之百模擬原履帶裝載機的機械動力性能和作業(yè)功能，達到無人駕駛完成清渣作業(yè)的目的。操作員帶著輕巧的發(fā)射機，自由選擇最佳的視覺位置，遙控的裝載機在清渣作業(yè)中運行自如。遙控裝載機的成功運用消除了以往環(huán)境惡劣，視線不清，高溫落渣帶來的事故隱患，使操作人員從惡劣的環(huán)境中解脫出來，提高了清渣作業(yè)效率、改善冶金工人的工作環(huán)境，降低工人的勞動強度； 3.6、建筑塔吊：在歐洲、北美超過60%的建筑回轉式塔吊采用無線遙控方式控制，不僅在設備制造時節(jié)省成本（無空中操作臺），安全性和可靠性也得到充分保障，提高了施工效率； 3.7、其它方面：隨著工業(yè)無線遙控器技術的發(fā)展，在裝載機、調車機車、液壓機械和移動車輛港口裝卸船機等設備中，工業(yè)無線遙控器都得到了廣泛應用，市場前景極為廣闊 來源于通信世界2003年第19期附：英文原文The History Of Wireless Remote ControlWireless remote control, the name suggests, is a device used to remotely control the machine. Modern remote control, mainly by the electric circuit board and used to generate different messages composed of a button.Today, wireless remote control has been in the life of a growing number of applications, giving people a great convenience. With advances in technology wireless remote control is also extended to many species, simply have two kinds of common one is the infrared remote control model used home appliances (IR Remote Control), the other is anti-theft alarm devices, doors, windows remote control, car so commonly used radio-controlled remote control mode (RF Remote Control). ?In the end who invented the first remote control has been untraceable. But one of the first remote control is called Nikola Tesla (Nikola Tesla) (1856-1943) the inventor developed in 1898 when the (U.S. Patent No. 613,809), called Method of and Apparatus for Controlling Mechanism of Moving Vehicle or Vehicles. 1.The type of wireless remote control 1.1 Infrared remote controlHome Infrared remote control Infrared remote control (IR Remote Control) is to use a wavelength of 0.76 1.5m near-infrared to transfer between the remote control device control signal.?Infrared remote control system commonly used it normally transmit and receive two parts.?The main components for the transmitter IR LED. It is actually a special light-emitting diodes, due to its internal material different from the ordinary light emitting diodes, and thus a certain voltage applied at its ends, it will send the infrared rather than visible light.?Current heavy use of infrared light-emitting diode infrared wavelength of 940nm issued about the same shape and general light-emitting diode, just different color.?Receiving part of the main components of the infrared receiver diodes generally have round and square. In practice, to give additional infrared receiver diode reverse bias, it can work, that is, infrared receiver diode in reverse application of the circuit is used, so as to obtain high sensitivity.As the infrared light-emitting diodes transmit power is generally small (100mW or so), so infrared receiver diode received signal is weak, it is necessary to increase the high-gain amplifier, most have adopted in recent years, finished the first infrared receiver.Finished infrared receiving roughly two packages: one with metal shielding; a plastic package. Have three pins, which power is (VDD), power supply negative (GND) and data output (VOUT). Infrared receiving the pin arrangement different for different models, refer to manufacturers instructions. Finished the first has the advantage of infrared receiver does not require complex debugging and shell shield, to use as a transistor, very convenient. However, when attention to the use of infrared receiver finished the first carrier frequency.Infrared remote control common carrier frequency 38kHz, which is used by the 455kHz transmitter crystal to decide. Crystal in the transmitter should be an integer frequency, frequency coefficients generally take 12, so 455kHz 12 37.9 kHz 38kHz. There are also remote control system uses 36kHz, 40kHz, 56kHz, etc., usually by the transmitter to determine the crystals oscillation frequency.Characterized by infrared remote control does not affect the surrounding environment, without interfering with other electrical equipment. Since it can not penetrate walls, so different rooms of household appliances can use a universal remote control device which will not produce interference; circuit debugging easy, as long as the connection is correct according to the given circuit, generally without any debugging can be put into work; code decoding easy remote control can be multiple. Therefore, it is infrared remote control in home appliances, indoor short distance (less than 10 meters) remote control has been widely used in. 1.2 Radio remote controlTransmit and receive radio remote controller module (RF Remote Control) is to use distant radio signal on the various institutions of the remote control device to control. These signals are distant receiving equipment to receive, you can order or drive a variety of other mechanical or electronic device corresponding to the completion of various operations, such as closed circuit, move the handle, start motor, then from the operation of these machines were needed. As a remote control with infrared remote control with additional types of garage doors, electric gate, automatic barrier remote control, burglar alarm, industrial control and wireless intelligent home field has been widely used.Radio remote control system commonly used it normally transmit and receive two parts.Transmitter is generally divided into two types, namely, remote control and the transmitter module, remote control and remote control module is for the use of means, the remote control device can be used as a machine to separate the external wiring trailer coupling with Lead; and remote control module in the circuit when a component to use, in accordance with its pin definitions applied, using the advantages of remote control module and the application circuit can be a seamless connection, small size, low price, best use, but users must truly understand the circuit principle, or still use the remote control to convenience.Received some general also divided into two types, namely, with the super-regenerative receiver superheterodyne method, super-regenerative demodulator circuits, also known as super-regenerative detector circuit, it is actually working in the regeneration of under intermittent oscillation detection circuit. Superheterodyne superheterodyne radio demodulation circuit and the same, it is set to a machine oscillation circuit oscillation signal, and the received carrier frequency signal, after mixing, are intermediate frequency (typically 465kHz) signal by IF amplification and detection, demodulation a data signal. As the carrier frequency rate is fixed, so the circuit simpler than the radio. Superheterodyne receiver stability, high sensitivity, anti-interference ability is relatively good; super-regenerative receiver-type small and cheap.Common carrier radio frequency remote control for the 315mHz or 433mHz, using a remote control set by the state opening band, in this frequency band, transmission power less than 10mW, the coverage is less than 100m, or less than the scope of this unit, you can not read Radio Management Committee for approval and free to use. Provisions of Chinas opening band 315mHz, while Europe and the United States and other countries provides for the 433mHz, so the products exported to these countries should use the 433mHz remote control.Radio remote control, there are two common types of coding, that is the fixed code and rolling code two, rolling code is a fixed code upgrade products, now where confidentiality is a requirement, use the scroll encoding.Rolling code encoding has the following advantages:1. Ssecurity-type strong launch automatically after each change coding, others can not use detection code of access to address code;2. Ccoding capacity, address code group number more than 100,000, the use of re-code are rare;3. Tthe code is easy, rolling code with learning memory function, without using soldering iron, you can live on in the user code, and into a receiver can learn up to 14 different transmitters, the use of a high degree of flexibility; 4. Tthe error is small, because the advantages of coding, so the receiver does not receive the key at the time of malfunction almost to 0.Fixed, the coding capacity of only 6,561, the probability of significant weight code, the code value can be seen through the solder connection, or use the site as device detection code to get, so I do not have the confidentiality, the main application confidentiality requirements in the lower places, because of its lower price it has also been a large number of applications.Radio remote control and infrared remote control difference (The difference between IR and RF Remote Control), infrared remote control and wireless remote control is a different carrier for the infrared remote control is used to send infrared control signals, it is characterized by directional, not a block, generally not more than seven meters away, free from electromagnetic interference, TV remote control is infrared remote control; radio remote control is to use radio waves to transmit control signals, it is characterized by non-directional, can not face to face control, distance (up to tens, even hundreds of kilometers), susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Or in need through no directional control remote areas, such as industrial control, etc., the use of radio remote control easier to solve. 2. Wireless remote control distance factorsRange of Radio Remote Control (Remote distance of RF Remote Control) main factors are the following:?（1）Transmit Power: Transmit Power for big distance, but the big power, prone to interference;（2）Receiver sensitivity: receiver sensitivity of the receiver, remote control distance increases, but susceptible to malfunction due to interference or loss of control;（3）The antenna: use of linear antenna and parallel to each other, remote control range, but occupy a large space, in use the antenna stretched, straightened increase the remote control distance;（4）Height: the higher the antenna, remote control farther away, but subject to objective conditions;（5）Stop: the current use of wireless remote control uses UHF frequency band set by the state, its transmission characteristics and optical approximation, straight lines, diffraction small transmitter and receiver block wall between the subject will be greatly discounted remote distance and, if steel for mixed wall, as conductor of the radio wave absorption, far worse. 3. The industrial wireless remote control applications3.1 Industrial traffic: industrial traffic is the most widely used remote control system for one of the areas to Germany, for example, remote control system of the annual production accounting for about 40%; in particular, metallurgy, automobile manufacturing, paper mills, warehouses and other new materials Almost all traffic with industrial wireless remote control.3.2 Mobile crane, lorry crane: Typically, large-scale remote control car suspension system is also equipped with data feedback system, feedback device can be run parameters (such as load, boom length, load torque, oil temperature, pressure, angle, etc.) show display in the launch system, the operator can display the data to monitor the crane;3.3 Concrete Pump: Concrete pump operation due to the console there are tens of meters away from the casting operation surface (or even 100 meters), the traditional mode of operation can be completed with a few people, due to low efficiency and limits the concrete pump truck Performance of play; for long-distance, large displacement of large pump more prominent contradictions; using industrial wireless remote control can play a maximum overall performance, truck drivers driving orientation in the workplace, you can use the portable remote control systems truck operation in turn the various actions, such as cloth around bar turning, multi-level bar amplitude flights. Launch system operator can carry away from the pump console, direct standing near the hose nozzle to control the action and the concrete placing boom operation of the pump;3.4 Mining Machinery: For mine in low visibility situations, it can be used with a feedback device for industrial wireless remote control of hydraulic machinery. Even in low visibility, poor environment, you can easily control the operation of heavy drill rack drill. Operator can choose the location of recent drilling on the position, witho