河南省確山縣第二高級中學(xué)高中英語 Unit 15 Learning Warmup Lesson 1教案 北師大版必修5.doc

unit15 warm-up lesson 1【教學(xué)目標】 to develop and practice the strategies for prediction, working out meanings and making inference【知識梳理】 to preview first and second conditional sentences to practise using third conditional sentences 知識點精析1heres_what they have to say about their lifelong learning experience.(教材p36)這里是他們必須要說的關(guān)于他們終身學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷的話。這是由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，是一個完全倒裝的句式。謂語動詞完全置于主語之前的句子，便是完全倒裝句。away flew the plane.飛機飛走了。here comes the bus！公共汽車來了！這類句型主要有兩種：a.副詞謂語主語(以here，there，in，up，down，away等副詞開頭，謂語動詞多為be，come，go等)b副詞謂語主語(以then，now，thus，such開頭，謂語動詞多為come，follow，begin，end，be，主語又是名詞時)a.介詞短語謂語主語(表地點的介詞短語位于句首，且謂語動詞為不及物動詞，主謂需倒裝)b介詞短語/形容詞/分詞be主語(表語置于句首，為保持句子平衡，或強調(diào)，使上下文銜接需要倒裝) in front of the teaching building stands a tall tree.教學(xué)樓前有一棵大樹。now comes your turn.輪到你了。south of the river lies a small factory. 一個小型工廠坐落在河的南岸。out rushed the children.孩子們沖了出去?！咎崾尽咳绻渥又械闹髡Z為人稱代詞，而不是名詞，則不需要倒裝。將下列句子改為倒裝句the teacher came in，and the lesson began._the speaker sat in front of the lecture hall._【答案】in came the teacher，and the lesson began.in front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.2its never too_late_to learn.(教材p36)活到老，學(xué)到老。too.to.中的too前面如果用了否定詞(如never)，則該句表示肯定意義。never too old to learn，never too late to turn.亡羊補牢，為時未晚。 too.to.中的too前如有far等詞修飾，則這些詞表示強調(diào)。too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)意為“太而不能”，表示否定含義。too.to.句式中，too后接形容詞ready(現(xiàn)成的)，incline(偏于的)，apt(易于)，eager(急切的)，anxious(著急的)等詞時，無否定的意思。only too.to.也表示肯定，其中，too后的形容詞多為表示某種心情的，如：glad，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted等；也有描繪性的形容詞，如：good，kind，true等。 he is too young to dress himself. 他太小了，不會自己穿衣服。he was far too busy to think of giving up. 他太忙，沒有時間想到放棄。she is not too clever to go with him. 她很機靈，沒有跟他一起走。he is too ready to talk. 他愛說話。the film is only too good to see.這部電影很好，值得一看。完成句子這道數(shù)學(xué)題太難，我不能解出它。the maths problem is _ work out.雷鋒同志非常樂于助人。comrade lei feng was _ others.【答案】too difficult for me totoo ready to help3be about to do即將做；就要做now im about to graduate from the school of continuing education at qinghua university with a bachelors degree in computer engineering by distance learning.(教材p36)現(xiàn)在我即將從清華大學(xué)繼續(xù)教育學(xué)院畢業(yè)，通過遠程教育課程我獲得了計算機工程專業(yè)的學(xué)士學(xué)位。work was about to start on a new factory building.新廠房即將動工。i was just about to ask you the same thing.我剛才正要問你同一件事情。 be about to do sth.when.正要做某事，這時be doing.when.正在做，這時be on the point of doing.when.正要做這時be on the way to.when.正要做這時had done.when.剛做完這時 we were just about to leave when jerry arrived.我們正要離開，這時杰里到了。i was doing my homework at 800 last night when someone knocked at my door.昨天晚上八點鐘我在做作業(yè)時，有人敲門。i had gone to bed when the telephone rang.我剛上床睡覺，這時電話響了?！咎崾尽縝e about to do sth.表示“將要做某事”，一般不與表示將來的具體時間狀語連用。完成句子他剛要站起來，這時老師進來了。he_stand up_.我們就要出發(fā)了。we_start off.【答案】was just about to；when the teacher came inare about to4frankly speaking.(to be frank)坦白地說frankly speaking，the last four years have been hard work，but its been worth it！(教材p36)坦白地說，最后這四年過得很艱難，但卻是值得的！frankly speaking，you are wrong again.坦白地說，你又錯了。frankly speaking，your artwork has no aesthetic value.坦率地說，你的作品沒有任何藝術(shù)價值。 honestly speaking.(to be honest)說實話generally speaking.一般來說exactly speaking.確切地說strictly speaking.嚴格地說personally speaking.就個人而言honestly speaking，i dont like the job.說實話，我不喜歡這份工作。personally speaking，he did very well.就我個人而言，他干得挺不錯。完成句子嚴格地說，這本書不能算小說，而是短篇故事。_，the book is not a novel，but a short story.說實話，我真的沒告訴過任何人。_，i didnt really tell anyone.【答案】strictly speakinghonestly speaking5three months ago，when my manager told me that i would be laid_off，my mind went_blank and my heart swelled with anger.(教材p36)三個月前，當我的經(jīng)理告訴我，我將要下崗時，我的大腦一片空白，怒火滿腔。(1)lay off 裁員；解雇if business continues to be slow，we will have to lay off some workers.如果生意再繼續(xù)下滑，我們必須解雇部分勞工。often，they think too much in the short term and begin to lay off employees.通常，他們看中短期效益，開始解雇員工。lay vt.放置；鋪；產(chǎn)(蛋，卵)；設(shè)置lay sb.out打昏(某人)lay sth.aside把放在一邊；儲存lay sth.down(開始)建造某物；停止使用某事物，放棄某事物；制定規(guī)則、原則等lay up 貯存；自討苦吃；(因病)臥床 the boxer was laid out in the fifth round.那個拳擊手在第五回合中被擊昏在地。ive laid up with flu for a week.我患流感已在家休息一個星期了。she managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.她設(shè)法每周從薪水中存幾個英鎊。 注意下面幾個動詞的詞形、詞性及意義的區(qū)別：lie(vi.)liedlied撒謊lie(vi.)laylain躺；位于lay(vt.)laidlaid放；擱；下蛋，產(chǎn)卵用lay的短語填空工人們因為不懂先進技術(shù)被辭退了。the workforce_because they didnt grasp the advanced technology.他們首先得為這項工程制訂一個計劃。first they had to_a plan for the project.【答案】was laid offlay down(2)go blank發(fā)呆；默然when i heard the shocking news，my mind went blank.當我聽到這個震驚的消息時，我的腦子一片空白。my mind went completely blank and i forgot what i was supposed to be doing.我的腦子一片空白，連我本來要做什么都想不起來了。go blind變瞎go mad發(fā)瘋go pale臉色變得蒼白 go hungry挨餓go bad變質(zhì)hearing the bad news，his face went pale.聽到這個壞消息，他的臉色變得很蒼白。the fish has gone bad because of hot weather.因為天熱魚變質(zhì)了?！咎崾尽俊癵oadj.”是一種系表結(jié)構(gòu)，go在此結(jié)構(gòu)中意為“變得，變成，變?yōu)椤?。完成句子試試讓你無思無慮，你會感到平靜些。try to let your mind_，then youll fell calmer.我寧愿挨餓也不吃那東西。id rather_than eat that.【答案】go blankgo hungry6suspect v懷疑；猜想 n犯罪嫌疑人 adj.不可信的；可疑的i suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.(教材p36)我懷疑他們裁掉我是因為公司經(jīng)營得不是很好，但這仍然使我喉嚨哽咽，讓我想哭。i have no reason to suspect her loyalty.我沒有理由懷疑她的忠誠。he is a suspect murder.他是個謀殺嫌疑犯。some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.他們出示的證據(jù)中有些相當不可靠。 suspect sb./sth.懷疑某人/某事suspect sb.of (doing) sth.懷疑某人(干)某事suspect sb./sth.as/to be.懷疑某人/某物為suspectthat.懷疑 whom do the police suspect？警方在懷疑誰？what made you suspect him of having broken the glass?你憑什么懷疑是他打壞的玻璃呢？we all suspect her as/to be an actress，but no one knows her.我們都猜想她是一名演員，但沒有人認識她。suspicion n懷疑，嫌疑；看法，感覺suspicious adj.懷疑的，可疑的be suspicious of/about懷疑完成句子他看起來很無辜，但警察懷疑他殺了人。he looks innocent，but the police_a murder.我懷疑他打破了那扇窗。i_having broken the window.【答案】suspect him to besuspect him of7i felt as_if i had done something wrong！(教材p36)我感覺自己似乎做錯了什么！as if/though引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。as if意為“似乎，好像”，可以位于系動詞look，seem，feel，sound，smell等后引導(dǎo)表語從句，以及act，treat等之后引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。she looks as if she were ten years younger than me.她看起來好像比我年輕10歲。(1)as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句所表示的情況是事實或具有很大可能性時，通常用陳述語氣。常與look，seem，taste，smell，sound等詞連用。(2)as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句所表示的情況不是事實，而是主觀的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虛擬語氣，其形式如下：如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時。如果從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had過去分詞”。如果從句表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would/could/might動詞原形”。 it seems as if the boy has lost his way.好像這個男孩迷路了。he is a happy and lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.他是個無憂無慮的人，好像世上沒有什么讓他煩惱和發(fā)愁的事。he walks as if he were drunk.他走起路來像是喝醉了似的?！緦痈呖肌?2012北京高考)dont handle the vase as if it_made of steel.ais bwerechas been dhad been【解析】句意：不要這么拿這個花瓶，就好像它是鋼制成似的。本題考查虛擬語氣。as if意為“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子須使用虛擬語氣，并且所述情況是對現(xiàn)在事實的假設(shè)，因此使用一般過去時，故選擇b項?！敬鸢浮縝完成句子看起來天好像要下雨。itlooks_他英語講得很好，好像他在英國生活了多年似的。he speaks english perfectly _【答案】as if it is going to rainas if/though he had lived in england for many years8i decided that it_was_time i became an internet user.(教材p36)我覺得是成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的時候了。its time that結(jié)構(gòu)用于表示“是該的時候了”。that后面的句子應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞用“should動詞原形”或用一般過去時。its time that i went to bed.its time that i should go to bed.我該去睡覺了。its time that i went home.我該回家去了?！笆窃撟瞿呈碌臅r候了”的幾種表達方式：it is time for sth.it is time to do sth.it is time (for sb.)to do sth.it is time for doing sth.it is time (that) sb.should do sth. it is time for us to do our homework.我們該做作業(yè)了。it is time to go to bed.該上床睡覺了。 time作“次數(shù)”講時的常用句型：it/this/that is/was the first/second/third/.time that.這/那是某人第一/二/三/次做某事(主句用is，從句用現(xiàn)在完成時；主句用was，從句用過去完成時)。完成句子他該到我們家吃晚飯了。it is time that he_to our house for dinner.到我們植樹的時候了。its time for us _.【答案】should come/cameto plant trees9aside from除之外and aside from emailing，its fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the us on the icam.(教材p36)除了收發(fā)電子郵件，我用網(wǎng)上鏡頭看到了在美國的外孫并且同他們談話，太有趣了。ive finished aside from the last question.除了最后一道題，我全做完了。aside from their house in london，they also have a villa in spain.他們在倫敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙還有一棟別墅。besides/except/except for/aside frombesides除之外(還有)，除去部分在整體之內(nèi)except除之外(別無)，除去部分不在整體之內(nèi)，常與nothing，all，none等不定代詞連用except for除了，表示從細節(jié)上對整體進行修正aside(apart)from除了(還有)；除了(別無)，除去部分既可在整體之內(nèi)，又可在整體之外is there anyone else we know besides will?除了威爾，還有我們認識的人嗎？you can have any of the cakes except this one.除了這塊蛋糕外，你可以吃任何一塊。the roads were empty except for a few cars.除了幾輛小汽車之外，公路上空蕩蕩的。aside from the kitchen，the house is very nice.除了廚房外，這所房子哪兒都好。用besides，except，except for和aside from填空this article is good，_a few spelling mistakes.they all went there _tow，who was ill._making a promise，he kept it.【答案】except for/aside fromexceptbesides/aside from10bury vt.埋葬；隱藏；專心致志so many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything youve ever learnt.(教材p36)很多人認為退休后你能做的所有的事就是關(guān)閉大腦，埋葬你曾經(jīng)所學(xué)過的所有的東西。the miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.地道塌方，礦工都被活埋在里面。 she always has her head buried in a book.她總是埋頭讀書。be buried alive被活埋be buried in thought沉思bury ones head/face in ones hands用手捂住頭/臉bury oneself in ones work/studies埋頭工作/學(xué)習(xí)he buried his face in his hands.他雙手掩面。he buried himself in his work.他埋頭工作。完成句子他埋頭學(xué)習(xí)，不知道其他人都早已離開了。_，he didnt know that all the others had left.他雙手掩面而泣。he_and wept.【答案】buried in his study/because he was burried in his study buried his face in his hands觀察下列從reading中選取的句子，體會虛擬語氣的用法。i decided that it_was_time i became_an internet user.in the past，if someone had_worked for a company for over 20 years，they would_have_stayed there until retirement!i_felt_as_if_i_had_done something wrong!1在“it is/was time(that).”結(jié)構(gòu)中that引導(dǎo)的句子用_語氣，即用_或_，但should不可省略。2在if引導(dǎo)虛擬的條件句中，如果與過去事實相反，從句謂語用_，主語謂語用would/should/could/might_。3在as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中，如果所表示的情況不是事實，通常用_語氣，如果從句表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用_?！敬鸢浮?.虛擬一般過去時；should動詞原形2.過去完成式(had done)；have done；3.虛擬；“had過去分詞”虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣的使用范圍及判斷1虛擬語氣表示一種假設(shè)。它主要用于由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中，也可用于主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句中。2if條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的判斷。虛擬語氣的假設(shè)，通常有三種情況：與過去事實相反，與現(xiàn)在事實相反，與將來事實可能相反。3后退一步法。后退一步法指在準確地判斷了該句與哪一事實相反后，按虛擬語氣的后退一步法處理從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)，即在非真實條件狀語從句中，謂語動詞按正常情況“后退一步”。也就是：與過去事實相反，在從句中用過去完成時形式表示；與現(xiàn)在事實相反，在從句中用一般過去時形式表示；與將來事實可能相反，在從句中用過去將來時形式表示。主句中則用would，should，could等情態(tài)動詞加動詞形式。if i had come here yesterday，i would have seen him.如果我昨天來這兒，我就能見到他了。if i were a teacher，i would be strict with my students.如果我是老師，我將會嚴格要求學(xué)生。if it should snow tomorrow，they couldnt go out.如果明天下雪，他們就不能外出了。4注意：(1)if條件句中如有were，should，had，可以省去if，并用倒裝語序。(2)在現(xiàn)代英語中，if條件狀語從句中的謂語動詞如果是be，其過去式一般用were。二、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)if主語動詞的過去式(be動詞用were)主語should/would/could/might動詞原形與過去事實相反的假設(shè)if主語had過去分詞主語should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞與將來事實可能相反的假設(shè)if主語動詞過去式if主語were to動詞原形if主語should動詞原形主語should/would/could/might動詞原形if you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.假如你聽了我的建議的話，你就不會考試不及格了。(實際上沒考好)if you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.假如你明天來的話，我們就開會。if it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，運動會就推遲。if he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next monday.假如他明天不來，我們將會議推遲到下周一。使用虛擬條件句時要注意以下幾點：1當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時(被稱為“錯綜時間條件句”)，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。if you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.假如你以前努力學(xué)習(xí)，你現(xiàn)在就是一位大學(xué)生了。2在條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。if i were at school again，i would study harder.were i at school again，i would study harder.如果再次回到學(xué)校的話，我會更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。if you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus.had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果早點來的話，你肯定趕上了公交車。if it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.明天下雨的話，我們就不去爬山。注意：若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞為否定，不能用動詞的縮略形式。如：were it not for the expense，i would go abroad now.如果不是費用問題，我現(xiàn)在就出國了。但不能說：werent it for the expense，i would go abroad now.3用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的介詞有with，without，but for。what would you do with a million dollars？(if you had a million dollars)假如有一百萬的話，你會做什么？we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we hadnt got your help)without your help，we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.(but for your help，.if it had not been for your help，.had it not been for your help，.)如果沒有你的幫助，我們是不能提前完成工作的。4含蓄條件句。有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而通過其他手段來代替條件句。i was ill that day.otherwise，i would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副詞)那天我病了。要不然我就參加運動會了。he telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or i would have known nothing about it.(連詞)是他打電話告訴我你的生日的，否則我什么都不知道。a man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定語從句)一個人7天左右不喝水就會死。 i might have given you more help，but i was too busy.(連詞)我本可以給你更多幫助的，但我太忙了。.單項填空1(2012天津高考)we would have called a taxi yesterday if harold_us a ride home.adidnt offerb. wouldnt offer chasnt offered d. hadnt offered【解析】句意：昨天如果harold不讓我們搭車回家的話，我們就會叫出租車了?？疾樘摂M語氣。根據(jù)“would have called.yesterday”可知此句為與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，所以其從句用過去完成時?！敬鸢浮縟2(2012山東高考)if we_adequate preparations，the conference wouldnt have been so successful.ahavent made bwouldnt make cdidnt make dhadnt made【解析】句意：如果我們沒有做好充分的準備，會議就不會如此成功。本題考查虛擬語氣。由主句中的wouldnt have been so successful可知 ，表示與過去事實相反，if從句中要用過去完成時，故選d?！敬鸢浮縟3(2012江西高考)we_have bought so much food now that suzie wont be with us for dinner.amay not bneednt ccant dmustnt【解析】句意：既然suize不和我們共進晚餐，我們本不必買那么多的食物。本題考查虛擬語氣。根據(jù)句意可知這里表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，needt have done表示本不需要做某事。a：可能不；c：不可能；d：禁止，不能與have done sth.連用?！敬鸢浮縝4_for the free tickets，i would not have gone to the film so often.aif it is not bwere it not chad it not been dif they were not【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果不是因為這些免費的票，我不會那么經(jīng)常去看電影。依據(jù)語境，從句部分要用過去完成時假設(shè)過去的情況；為了加強語氣，可將if省略，把had/should/were提前，構(gòu)成倒裝?！敬鸢浮縞5its hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i_in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.a. wouldnt have fallen b. had not fallen c. should fall d. were to fall【解析】本題考查了混合型虛擬條件句，主句是對現(xiàn)在情況的推測，從句表示對過去的假設(shè)。句意：如果不是在7歲的時候愛上家鄉(xiāng)的melinda cox圖書館，很難想象我今天會在做什么?！敬鸢浮縝6if the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.but it _all day.arained brains chas rained dis raining【解析】if the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.這個條件句的謂語是表過去的時間，即過去時間段上的虛擬。故而可以判斷答案rained。這里通過前面的語境及謂語結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷，這是解答虛擬語氣試題的關(guān)鍵?！敬鸢浮縜7if we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river_so seriously now.ais not polluted bwould not be pollutedchad not been polluted dwould not have been polluted【解析】從句表示對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句則表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，結(jié)合錯綜時間條件句中主從句謂語動詞的形式可知b項正確?！敬鸢浮縝8but for the help of my english teacher, i_the first prize in the english writing competition.awould not win bwould not have woncwould win dwould have won【解析】考查虛擬語氣與時態(tài)。句意：要不是我的英語老師的幫助，我就不能獲得英語寫作比賽的一等獎。此處虛擬語氣表示與過去事實相反，句子謂語動詞用would/should/could/mighthave done結(jié)構(gòu)，故選b。【答案】b9without the sun，none of the living things on earth _.aexisted bwould existcwould have been existed dexists【解析】句意：要是沒有太陽，地球上就沒有任何的生命存在。without the sun表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的條件，故主句中使用虛擬語氣，謂語的形式為：would/should/could/might動詞原形。【答案】b10_the warning message, more lives would have been lost in the flood.aregardless of binstead of cbut for dexcept for【解析】句意：要不是有警報，會有更多的人在洪水中喪命。but for表示的暗含條件的虛擬語氣。故選c。【答案】c.用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空1if you had tried harder，you _(pass) your exam.2they wouldnt have gotten it done today if i _(help) them.3if the bus _(delay)，i might have arrived on time.4if the weather had been more favorable，the crop _(grow) still better.5he knew that if he _(be) white，he could have been a successful professional man.6_i_(take)an umbrella with me，i wouldnt have been caught in the rain.7 if i were you，i _(miss)the film last night.8i ran all the way to school，otherwise i_(be)late.9if i knew his telephone number，i_(tell)you.10if he _(come)here tomorrow，i could talk to him.【答案】1.could/would have passed2.hadnt helped3had not been delayed4.would be growing5.were6.had；taken7.wouldnt have missed8.would have been9.would tell10.should come/were to come/came 虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用1用于賓語從句中(1)wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞的構(gòu)成形式為：i wish (that) i were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我多么希望我是一只小鳥，能在空中自由地飛翔。i wish (that) i had met that film star yesterday.我多么希望我昨天碰到了那個電影明星。(2)用于表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語從句中，常見的動詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should動詞原形”，should可以省略。he suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建議我們明天早點出發(fā)。the doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.醫(yī)生命令不要延誤，馬上送病人到醫(yī)院。they insisted that the boy (should) go with them.他們堅持要那個男孩和他們一起去。(3)在would rather后的賓語從句中，