注釋版-JK羅琳哈佛畢業(yè)典禮演講.docx

7 / 72008年JK羅琳哈佛畢業(yè)典禮演講 President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates.The first thing I would like to say is thank you. Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea 惡心I have endured at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight. A win-win situation! Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint斜視 at the red banners and convince myself that I am at the worlds largest Gryffindor reunion團(tuán)聚.Delivering a commencement 畢業(yè)典禮address演講 is a great responsibility; or so I thought until I cast（投，擲） my mind back to my own graduation. The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished（著名的、卓越的） British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock. Reflecting on （深思）her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I cant remember a single word she said. This liberating釋放、解放 discovery enables me to proceed開始；進(jìn)行 without any fear that I might inadvertently 不注意地、無意中influence you to abandon promising（有望成功的; 前景很好的） careers in business, the law or politics for the giddy（眩暈的） delights of becoming a gay wizard.You see? If all you remember in years to come is the gay wizard joke, Ive come out ahead of Baroness Mary Warnock. Achievable goals: the first step to self improvement.Actually, I have wracked（毀壞，破壞絞盡腦汁） my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today. I have asked myself what I wish I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the 21 years that have expired(期限)終止，結(jié)束 between that day and this.I have come up with two answers. On this wonderful day when we are gathered together to celebrate your academic success, I have decided to talk to you about the benefits of failure. And as you stand on the threshold入口 of（即將經(jīng)歷） what is sometimes called real life, I want to extol（贊美，頌揚(yáng)） the crucial importance of imagination.These may seem quixotic（唐吉訶德式的不切實(shí)際的）or paradoxical 自相矛盾的choices, but please bear with 忍受；對 (某人) 有耐心me.Looking back at the 21-year-old that I was at graduation, is a slightly uncomfortable experience for the 42-year-old that she has become. Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balancestrike a balance: 找到 (某種平衡) between the ambition I had for myself, and what those closest to me expected of me.I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was to write novels. However, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished窮困的 backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk 怪癖; 古怪的性格that would never pay a mortgage (抵押貸款), or secure a pension退休金. I know that the irony strikes with the force of a cartoon anvil鐵砧, now.So they hoped that I would take a vocational職業(yè)教育的 degree; I wanted to study English Literature. A compromise妥協(xié)、折衷 was reached that in retrospect回想、追憶 satisfied nobody, and I went up to study Modern Languages. Hardly had my parents car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched丟棄；逃學(xué) German and scuttled疾走、快跑 off down the Classics corridor.I cannot remember telling my parents that I was studying Classics; they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day. Of all the subjects on this planet, I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology 神話when it came to securing the keys to an executive高中級管理人員 bathroom.I would like to make it clear, in parenthesis括號插入語, that I do not blame my parents for their point of view. There is an expiry (期限、協(xié)定等的)滿期，終止date on blaming your parents for steering 掌舵，操縱you in the wrong direction; the moment you are old enough to take the wheel方向盤, responsibility lies with you. What is more, I cannot criticise my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty. They had been poor themselves, and I have since been poor, and I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling使高貴; 使崇高 experience. Poverty entails 引起、蘊(yùn)含fear, and stress, and sometimes depression; it means a thousand petty 瑣碎的humiliations and hardships. Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools.What I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure.At your age, in spite of a distinct明顯的 lack of motivation at university, where I had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, I had a knack(訣竅) for passing examinations, and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my peers.I am not dull enough to suppose that because you are young, gifted有天賦的；有才華的and well-educated, you have never known hardship or heartbreak. Talent and intelligence never yet inoculated給注射預(yù)防針anyone against the caprice反復(fù)無常 of the Fates, and I do not for a moment suppose that everyone here has enjoyed an existence of unruffled(平整的;鎮(zhèn)定的)privilege特權(quán)and contentment.However, the fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you are not very well-acquainted with failure. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success. Indeed, your conception of failure might not be too far from the average persons idea of success, so high have you already flown.Ultimately最終；最重要地, we all have to decide for ourselves what constitutes（構(gòu)成） failure, but the world is quite eager to give you a set of criteria (判斷的) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)if you let it. So I think it fair to say that by any conventional傳統(tǒng)的 measure, a mere seven years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic 史詩般的；宏大的 scale. An exceptionally 異常地 short-lived marriage had imploded內(nèi)爆；崩潰、瓦解, and I was jobless, a lone parent, and as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being homeless. The fears that my parents had had for me, and that I had had for myself, had both come to pass發(fā)生；實(shí)現(xiàn), and by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I knew.Now, I am not going to stand here and tell you that failure is fun. That period of my life was a dark one, and I had no idea that there was going to be what the press 新聞界has since represented描繪；表現(xiàn) as a kind of fairy tale童話 resolution(劇本等作品中主要情節(jié)的)解開. I had no idea then how far the tunnel 隧道 extended延伸, and for a long time, any light at the end of it was a hope rather than a reality.So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away剝掉，除去of the inessential非必要的. I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination決心;毅然 to succeed in the one arena舞臺；競技場I believed I truly belonged. I was set free, because my greatest fear had been realised, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea. And so rock bottom 最低谷became the solid foundation基礎(chǔ) on which I rebuilt my life.You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable必然的，不可避免的. It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously慎重地，謹(jǐn)慎地 that you might as well not have lived at all in which case, you fail by default【體育】由于棄權(quán)而輸?shù)?；不參加比?Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations. Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way. I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline自律 than I had suspected懷疑；猜想; I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above the price of rubies（ruby:紅寶石）.The knowledge that you have emerged冒出，顯露wiser and stronger from setbacks挫折; 倒退means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive. You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity 逆境. Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more than any qualification(考試獲得的)資格I ever earned.So given a Time Turner時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)換器, I would tell my 21-year-old self that personal happiness lies in knowing that life is not a check-list 清單；核對表of acquisition獲得物 or achievement. Your qualifications, your CV簡歷, are not your life, though you will meet many people of my age and older who confuse the two. Life is difficult, and complicated復(fù)雜的, and beyond anyones total control, and the humility謙遜to know that will enable you to survive its vicissitudes(人生的)盛衰，沉浮.Now you might think that I chose my second theme, the importance of imagination, because of the part it played in rebuilding my life, but that is not wholly so. Though I personally will defend保衛(wèi) the value of bedtime stories to my last gasp（喘息）最后時(shí)刻, I have learned to value imagination in a much broader sense. Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision想象；預(yù)想 that which is not, and therefore the fount 源泉 of all invention and innovation. In its arguably可以說most transformative有改革能力的；起改造作用的and revelatory揭示的; 啟示性的capacity, it is the power that enables us to empathise 有同感; 起共鳴with humans whose experiences we have never shared.One of the greatest formative （有助于）形成的；成長的，塑造的 experiences of my life preceded先于，在之前 Harry Potter, though it informed much of what I subsequently. 隨后；后來 wrote in those books. This revelation啟示；(驚人的、極好的) 發(fā)現(xiàn) came in the form of one of my earliest day jobs. Though I was sloping off（slope off 口語溜走，溜掉） to write stories during my lunch hours, I paid the rent in my early 20s by working at the African research department at Amnesty赦免；特赦 Internationals headquarters總部 in London.There in my little office I read hastily scribbled潦草的letters smuggled走私；偷帶 out of totalitarian極權(quán)主義的regimes統(tǒng)治；政體 by men and women who were risking imprisonment監(jiān)禁，關(guān)押 to inform the outside world of what was happening to them. I saw photographs of those who had disappeared without trace, sent to Amnesty by their desperate families and friends. I read the testimony證詞，證據(jù) of torture victims and saw pictures of their injuries. I opened handwritten, eye-witness accounts敘述 of summary概括的，扼要的trials and executions, of kidnappings and rapes.Many of my co-workers were ex-political prisoners, people who had been displaced使背井離鄉(xiāng)from their homes, or fled into exile流亡、放逐他國, because they had the temerity蠻勇 ; 大膽 to speak against their governments. Visitors to our offices included those who had come to give information, or to try and find out what had happened to those they had left behind.I shall never forget the African torture victim, a young man no older than I was at the time, who had become mentally ill after all he had endured in his homeland. He trembled顫抖 uncontrollably as he spoke into a video camera about the brutality殘暴、暴行inflicted使遭受 (傷害或破壞等) upon him. He was a foot taller than I was, and seemed as fragile(脆弱的fragility n.) as a child. I was given the job of escorting護(hù)送、陪同 him back to the Underground Station afterwards, and this man whose life had been shattered粉碎；破壞 by cruelty took my hand with exquisite 高雅的；精致的courtesy禮貌，謙恭, and wished me future happiness.And as long as I live I shall remember walking along an empty corridor走廊 and suddenly hearing, from behind a closed door, a scream 尖叫of pain and horror恐懼，恐怖 such as I have never heard since. The door opened, and the researcher poked out伸出her head and told me to run and make a hot drink for the young man sitting with her. She had just had to give him the news that in retaliation報(bào)復(fù)；反擊for his own outspokenness直言不諱 against his countrys regime, his mother had been seized and executed.Every day of my working week in my early 20s I was reminded how incredibly 難以置信地；非常地fortunate I was, to live in a country with a democratically民主地 elected government, where legal representation and a public trial were the rights of everyone.Every day, I saw more evidence about the evils humankind will inflict on their fellow humans, to gain or maintain保持；維持 power. I began to have nightmares, literal確確實(shí)實(shí)的 用作強(qiáng)調(diào) nightmares, about some of the things I saw, heard, and read.And yet I also learned more about human goodness at Amnesty International than I had ever known before.Amnesty mobilises 動員，調(diào)動thousands of people who have never been tortured or imprisoned for their beliefs to act on behalf of （代表；為了）those who have. The power of human empathy, leading to collective action, saves lives, and frees prisoners. Ordinary people, whose personal well-being and security are assured, join together in huge numbers to save people they do not know, and will never meet. My small participation參與 in that process was one of the most humbling（humble:謙遜的）and inspiring experiences of my life.Unlike any other creature on this planet, humans can learn and understand, without having experienced. They can think themselves into other peoples places. Of course, this is a power, like my brand of fictional 虛構(gòu)的、編造的magic, that is morally 道上德neutral中立的、中性的. One might use such an ability to manipulate操縱, or control, just as much as to understand or sympathise.And many prefer not to exercise their imaginations at all. They choose to remain comfortably within the bounds 范圍of their own experience, never troubling to wonder how it would feel to have been born other than they are. They can refuse to hear screams or to peer 凝視，窺視inside cages; they can close their minds and hearts to any suffering that does not touch them personally; they can refuse to know.I might be tempted 引誘; 吸引 to envy people who can live that way, except that I do not think they have any fewer nightmares than I do. Choosing to live in narrow spaces leads to a form of mental agoraphobia【曠野恐怖癥、廣場恐怖癥：Agoraphobia is the fear of open or public places.】, and that brings its own terrors. I think the wilfully故意地unimaginative see more monsters. They are often more afraid.What is more, those who choose not to empathise enable real monsters. For without ever committing an act of outright完全徹底的evil ourselves, we collude共謀，勾結(jié)with it, through our own apathy冷漠、無情apathetic adj.One of the many things I learned at the end of that Classics corridor down which I ventured冒險(xiǎn)(去某處/做某事) at the age of 18, in search of something I could not then define, was this, written by the Greek author Plutarch: What we achieve inwardly內(nèi)心地；思想上will change outer外部的 reality. That is an astonishing statement and yet proven a thousand times every day of our lives. It expresses, in part, our inescapable逃脫不了的、不可避免的connection with the outside world, the fact that we touch other peoples lives simply by existing.But how much more are you, Harvard graduates of 2008, likely to touch other peoples lives? Your intelligence, your capacity for hard work, the education you have earned and received, give you unique status, and unique responsibilities. Even your nationality sets you apart set apart；使分離使顯得突出、與眾不同. The great majority of you belong to the worlds only remaining superpower. The way you vote, the way you live, the way you protest, the pressure you bring to bear施加(影響、壓力等)on your government, has an impact way beyond your borders. That is your privilege特權(quán), and your burden.