綜英4期末復習.doc

綜英期末復習Unit2.carve out: establish or create sth. through painstaking efforteg Years of failures and setbacks have taught him and carved out a career for him.infuse: v. fill or cause to be filled with sth.eg; Her novels are infused with sadness. Collocations: infuse into/with: fill . with .He infused eagerness into the men.His speech infused the men with eagerness. keep to oneself: remain private; avoid meeting other people.She doesnt go out much; she likes to keep to herself. lament: v. express regret or disappointment over sth. considered unsatisfactory, unreasonable, or unfair Synonym: bemoan Derivations:lamentable:a. very disappointing, regrettable lamentation: n. (formal) an expression of great sadness or disappointmentstake a claim to: make a claim tostake: v. be assertive in defining and defending a position or policyHe staked a claim to the land where hed found the gold. be proportional to:eg The output should be proportional to the input. proportion: n. the relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. eg.The room is very long in proportion to (= relative to) its width.attribute to : believe sth. to be the result of eg. Jim attributes his success to hard work. tread on (sb.s toes): offend or annoy sb., esp. by getting involved in sth. that is their responsibilityeg.Would I be treading on her toes if I talk directly to her supervisor?plow into: eg. The vans brakes failed, and it plowed into a crowd of people.breathe down sb.s neck: (informal) watch closely what sb. is doing in a way that makes them feel anxious and/or annoyedeg.I cant work properly with you breathing down my neck.1) annoyance n. annoy v. annoying a. 2) intuitive a. intuitively ad. intuition n. 3) relentless a. relentlessly ad. relent v.4) proliferation n. proliferate v5) lament v. lamentable a. lamentably ad.6) expand v. expansion n. expansive a.7) routinely a. routine n. .8) shrink v. shrinkage n. Minutely Ant. significantly, considerably, incautiouslyContracting Sny shrinking, receding, lesseningpublic Ant: private, personal, individualgranting Syn give, present, confertired: Ant tightened, tense, rigidLately, Syn recently, currentlyUnit 3: given: prep. when you consider sth.given that: conj. a. fixed for a purpose and stated as sucheg They were to meet at a given time and place.equivalent: n. equivalent (of/to sth.) What is the equivalent of fifty pounds in US dollars? Eight kilometers is roughly equivalent to five miles. in that: conj. (formal) for the reason that; becauseeg The news was all the more reliable in that it was from an official source.be given to: (formal) do sth. often or regularlybe given to sth. / doing sth.Eg.He is given to heavy drinking. it struck us that : . it occurred to us that / . we suddenly realized that Eg.It strikes me that from today on I have to rely on myself.1) alienation n. alienate v. 2) globe n. global a. globalize v. globalization n.3) fragmentation n. fragment n. & v. fragmented a.4) addiction n. addict n. addicted a.5) exaggeration n. exaggerate v. exaggerated a. 6) depress v. depressing a. depressed a. depression n. 7) simulation n. simulate v. simulated a.8) gratification n. gratify v. gratitude n. (change) for the better: improve. eg. Things are changing for the better at my store. I may make a profit this year.take advantage of: make use of sth. well; make use of an opportunity. eg.She took advantage of the childrens absence to tidy their rooms. in earnest: I am sure he was in earnest when he said he wanted to turn a new leaf.prior to: (formal) before sth.Eg. All the arrangements should have been completed prior to our departure.give . pause to think: make sb. think seriously about sth. or hesitate before doing sth. Eg. The series of accidents gave the government pause to think about the traffic safety issue.Unintended. Ant. intended, purposeful, intentional, planned commonplace . Ant. extraordinary, unusualdistanced. Syn. alienate, isolate, estrangefoster.Syn. cultivate, nurturemoderate. Ant. considerable, excessive, indulgentadvancement. Syn. improvement, enhancementdistorted Syn. misrepresent, falsifyfundamental. Ant. unimportant, trivial, minorUnit 5. shift ones focus (onto/to): move ones attention from one thing to another. Eg.I insisted that the focus of our work should be rapidly shifted to the economic development.pick on: (1) (Informal) criticize or blame; tease; harassThe older children liked to pick on the younger ones. (2) single out; choose. Eg.He always picks on small points to criticize. border on: come near or verge on, resemble, come nearer in quality, or charactereg.His rigid translation of this literary work borders on literalness. 1.fragile a. fragility n. 2) drastic a. drastically ad.3) replace v. replacement n. 4) athlete n. athletic a. 5) portray v. portrait n. 6) inherit v. inheritance n. 7) confident a. confidence n. 8) embarrass v. embarrassing a. embarrassment n. hang together: stand united; stick togethereg.They had to hang together or they would surely fail. We can come through any crisis if we hang togetherpick on: a. single out for criticism, teasing or bullyb. choose or selecteg.She was the only person that didnt pick on him. I know somebody has to go and fetch some more logs, but why pick on me?show off: display or behave in an ostentatious or conspicuous way. eg. He likes to show off his masculine physique in front of girls. Mike has only driven to the pub to show off his new car he usually walks!make a/no/great difference (to): have an effect (on)eg.This would make a difference to the chemistry of the atmosphere. 這將改變大氣的化學成分。Theres no need to color it up like that; it wont make a difference. 沒有必要那樣添油加醋，那不會有任何分別。intimacy: the state of having a close personal relationship with sb. eg. Long distances between friends discourage intimacy. The absence of fences created a mysterious intimacy in which no one knew privacy. Unit 6exposed to: If you are exposed to something dangerous or unpleasant, you are put in a situation in which it might harm you. expose v. exposure n. take pride in = pride oneself on: be proud of eg. She took pride in her flower garden. live out sth.: do sth. that you have thought or dreamed of doing eg.The inheritance would allow her to live out her fantasies. nothing other than: only eg.I am very thirsty and want nothing in the world other than a cup of water. immerse: v. engage wholly or deeply; absorb immerse sb./sth. in. immerse oneself in / be immersed inin ones minds eye: in ones imagination or memoryeg. In his minds eye, he could see a beautiful house beside the river. He decided to build such a house.a glimpse of: a brief, quick view of, as in passing, momentary and incomplete perceptioneg.I got a glimpse of an old castle from the window of a train. take pride in: be proud ofeg.We take pride in the unity of our class. be exposed to: subject or allow to be subjected to an action, influence, or conditioneg. The film was damaged after it was exposed to light. convey (to):eg. I wanted to convey a particular feeling of overwhelming joy in the music. Could you please convey our apologies to Mr. Smith? 1) fluent a. fluency n. fluently ad. 2) enroll v. enrollment n. 4) obtain v. obtainable a. 3) access n. access v. accessible a. 5) personify v. personification n. 6) enlighten v. enlightening a. enlightenment n7) global a. globalize v. globalization n. 8) prompt v. prompt a. promptly ad. Obtainable. Syn. available, attainable, accessible Narratives. Syn. tale, story .sinister. Ant. harmless, auspicious launched. Syn. begin, start, commence confronting. Syn. tackle, face, handle unease. Ant. comfort, relaxation, ease expatriated. Ant. immigrateUnit 8. in/with relation to: with/in reference to; concerning; with regard toEg.Demand is high in relation to supply.(all) rolled into one: integrate several things or features into oneEg.he is a director and an actor rolled into one.Set sb. off: make sb. start to laugh, cry, or talk a lot setEg.just mentioning her boyfriends name could set her off again.for the sake of sb. / for sb.s sake: for the good or advantage of . for the sake of sth. / for sth.s sake: because of; for the purpose of at sb.s expense: with sb. paying the costat the expense of: causing the loss of out of sorts: in a bad temper; feeling unwell or annoyedeg. He was out of sorts because of the mistake. by the score: large numbers of, a great many eg.There are fans by the score waiting for the star at the entrance.pull wires/strings: use ones influence or authority, usually in secret, in order to bring about a desired result. Eg.If you want to see our boss I can pull strings for you.between the lines: understand the unexpressed but implied meaning of sth. said or written lay ones hands on: obtain; take possession ofHes gone with the keys again, just wait till I lay my hands on him.(be) content with: happy or satisfied withEg.You should not be content with book knowledge only. 1) callous a. callously ad. callousness n.2) torment v. torment n. tormentor n. 3) conceive v. conception n. conceivable a. inconceivable. antonym 4) arrogant a. arrogantly ad. arrogance n5) tragic a. tragically ad. tragedy n. 6) delude v. delusion n. delusive adj7) loftily ad. lofty a. loft n.conceit. Ant. humbleness, modestystupendous. Syn. amazing, stunning, miraculouscallous. Syn. cold-blooded, inhumane, mercilessinnocent. Syn. Void. Unscrupulous. Ant. ethical, moral, principled, scrupulousBurlesquing. Syn.parody, caricature gloom.Ant. exhilaration, bliss, ecstasyLoftily. Syn. proudly, self-importantly Unit 9. spy: v. notice.spy on: secretly or furtively observe sb. or sth.eg. The police have been spying on the p (up): v. support by placing against sth. solid or rigid; shore up.eg. We tried our best to prop the President up.go/make ones rounds: (1) deliver mail door to door; go round (esp. a hospital ward); inspecteg.make/go the rounds of the wards（醫(yī)院）查房(2) spread. AIDS rumors are going the rounds.有關艾滋病的謠言正在流傳。1) dignified a. dignity n. 4) deliver v. delivery n. 2) impress v. impressive a. impression n3) dwell v. dweller n. dwelling n.5) disinfect v. disin