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中英文翻譯原文：CommentonmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconceptualdesignInrecentyears,CarryoutGMP(medicinesandchemicalreagentsproducesspecificationsofquality)attestationsystembecauseofsustainedourcountryeconomicsituationriseandcountrytopharmacyindustrymandatory.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryhasgotquitegreatprogress.Thenewproductincreasesbygradually.Engineeringlevelhashadverybigimprovement.Butbereturningverybiggapsbacktoexistencecomparedwithinternationalstandards.Levelbeingcloseto60%sproductcannottoreachupperdevelopedcountrycenturyeighties.Large-scaleadvancedequipmentisdependentonentrancemainly.Lowourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryengineeringlevelisthatthedesigndesigningpersonnellowlevelfromourcountryenterprisearousestoagreatextent.One,ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycurrentsituationanalysesOurcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerystillhasbiggergapcomparedwithadvancedinternationallevel.Whattimeisinsufficientondomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignundermainexistence1)Backwarddomesticmechanicalperformancemedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerymostly,accuracylowvelocity,isslow,stationaritydispatchespackagemachinerytravelprocesstocontainlargeamountofdyadiccomplicatedintermittencemotion.Cometocometruemainlyfromthecam,theconnectingrod.But,manydesignthatthepersonnelisunabletorequirethattheindependencedesignstheparametercalculatingcambarlinkagekinematicsanddynamicsaccordingtojobcyclepictureandaccuracy.Beonlythesurveyingandmappingcarryingoutapiecemealthattheabroadmodelmachinecamconnectingrodpartisdismantleddownsimplely.Bringaboutactuatingmechanismerrorisverybig.Thatdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrunsspeedmostlyismoregeneralthanhangingdownaccordingtocuttingfrequencyifthealuminiummouldsbubblecoverpackersfor100one300mins,full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeed50-200boxes/msin.But,ontheinternational,theadvancedaluminiummouldsrushingsteepingcoverpackercuttingfrequencybeabletoreach600mins.Full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeedisabletoreach600800box/mins.Notonlyworkingspeedofdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisslow.And,thepartnerhasbiggernoise.2)Isunderthecontrolofhorizontalbackward.Domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycontrolslow,automationofleveldifferencemostly,themalfunctionleadsheight.(Mainpackagemachineryfingerboxdresscontrolsdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentswithdrinkingwineholdingmachinerywith)adoptPLCtodoascenemostly.But,advancedmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrealizessupervisorycontrolabroadmostlyfromcomputersystem.Underthecontrolofhorizontalrelativelybackward.Greatmajoritydomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryautomationsexisrelativelypoor.Adoptasingletoproduceapatternfirstcommonly.Thefull-automaticproductionlineisfew.Twoisthatfull-automationworkscannottoachieve.Requirethatthemanpowerfeedsinrawmaterial.Handmovementenchases.Ifinalittlepaperboxpacker,Page,paperboxallneedsmedicineboard,specificationspapertomovechargingpersonally.Andrequirespecially-assignedpersontopayattentiontoifspecifications,medicineboard,paperboxalreadyfinishusingatanytime.Happentoavoidbringingaboutmachineracingorbringingaboutincompletespecifications,medicineboard,andmedicineboxphenomenon.Other,domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemechanicfailureratesarehigher.Controlacomponent(iftherelay,electromagneticvalve,contactor,breakeretc.)etc.areofteneasytodamage.Haltalsotofrequentlyoccurthemalfunction.3)Functionsareunitary,expansionsexisbad.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisthattheformdesignsthatspecificallyforspeciallyappointedpackage.Thegeneralspecificationrangeinnerinregulationisadjustable.But,alotofourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconsidersinsufficiencywhendesigningthat.Benotthatreforminggoingastepfurthersetsapartsufficientspace.Causethemachinerydesigningthattobeabletoonlyadapttotheformboardinseveralkindssimplicities.Changenotadaptingtowrappingmaterialortheformboarddimension.Fitinwitheven.Thepackagefinishedproductmassgivingbirthtoachildisneithernice.4)Considersdeficiencysynthetically.Resourcedoesnotfullyutilize.Ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentsthereexiststhechaosphenomenoninpackagemachinerydesign.Alotofmachinerydesignsthatthepersonneldragstotheelectricmotormovingthesynchronytechnology,theservodrivetechnologydonotknows.Theproblemsimpleelectricalequipmentavailableisresolvedusescomplicatedmechanismtocometocometruebut.Somethoughthecontrolorganworkstocomehavingadoptthesynchronyelectricmotortowaitforadevice.Butchooseblockofwoodding-dang.Themaximumhavingbroughtaboutresourcenotonlywastesthiscondition.Andmakemachineryfunctiondesigningthatlow.5)Modelisinflexible.Modelseldomconsideringmachinerytimemedicinesandchemicalreagentsofourcountrypackagemachinerydesign.Manymachinemoldingthatthemanufacturerproducesisnotbeautifuldonothavemodeleven.Givepersonfeelingtorigid,toinflexible,nottohavevigor.Afewmedicineboxpackersaremiddle.Thenutallassemblesscrewonthemachineoutsideboard.But,theoilcupandflownipplethatalittlelubricationusesalsocanbeseeneverywhere.Bestainedfullywithagreasydirteasytousemachineeverywheretimeoiling.Impressionisroughtoperson.Nobeautiful.Two,medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconceptualdesigncontentPeoplelong-termstudypasses.Defineconceptualdesignbeing:Havebeenascertainingthemissionqueen.Passabstract-relation.Designthefunctionstructure.Exploreappropriateeffectprincipleandtheircombinationwaiting.Ascertainoutbasicfindingthesolutionapproach.Reachfindthesolutionscheme.Thispartoftheconceptualdesigndesigningthatthejobiscalledconceptualdesignisreferredtomakethequeenwhodesignspurposeandnowhasconditionclear.Thedesignersearchesformany-sidedknowledge.Analysisabstractsthesolutionongeneratingdyadicbroadframesignificancethedayaftertomorrow.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconceptualdesigndemandsaccordingtoeachproductlifecyclestages.Carryingouttheproductfunctioncreates,thefunctionbreaksupaswellasthefunctionandsonarefunctionalphysicaldesign:Thatconceptionandsystematizationcarryingouttheschemesatisfyingtheoperatingprinciplethatthefunctionandstructuredemandfindingthesolutionandcarryingouttheoperatingprinciplecarrierrealizingthefunctionstructuresdesigntheconceptualdesignprocessisthatonefindsthesolutionrealizingafunctions,satisfiesthevarioustechnologyandvariousthereexistingineconomictargets,possibilityschemewellultimateforsuresyntheticallyoptimumschemeprocess.Theconceptualdesigneffectembodiesintheproductdesignearlyphasestagemainly.Chiefarchitectisbasedonfunctionalneedofproductbutprimitiveconceptionandimpulsionsproutingoutformtheproductmainbodyframe.And,itrespondstoeverymainmoduleandmoduleincluding.Inordertoaccomplishingoveralllayoutandtheexterior,thefirststepdesignsthat.Andthencarryouttheoptimizationappraisingasum.Ascertaintheoveralldesignplan.Designthatthepersonnelcarriesoutthechiefarchitectdesignthoughtgoingtodesigningmiddleconcretelyagainfromeverypart.Detaildesignsrealization.Theconceptualdesignputtingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryintopracticedemandstodesignthatthepersonnelreinforcesthecognitiontomedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagefirst.Deepentheconnotationunderstandingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackages.Introducemodernpackageidea.Beinlinewiththeinternationalconventionsactively.Modernpackageistoensuretheproductsafetynotonly.Makeproducttransportationconvenient.Andbegettinguppropagate,environmentalprotection,defendsagainstfalse.Attractivelookswaitsforthemany-sidedeffect.Wrapupcontentsadditionalinformation.Themedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignpersonnelshouldshowsolicitudefordevelopmentofpackagesystemclosely.Godeepintothehandicraftstudyingpackage.Knowdemandofdevelopmentofwrappingmaterialandthepersontomachineryproductverywell.Onlywhensuchabilitydesignsthatoutsatisfythehightonemachineryproductthattheconsumerdemands.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconceptualdesigncontenthasmainly:1)Makesthedesignmissionclear.Bereadyforfeasibilityanalysis.Thedesignerdesignsinitialstageworkinginbeinginprogress.Respondtothefeasibilityconsideringaproductsufficiently.Oneaspectisthemarketplacethinking.Includetheproductionmarketing,productrawmaterial,thefabricatingcostthinking:Anotheraspectisthinkingthattheproductprocesses.Includethinkingnowhavingaworkingability,processinghandicraft,processingthefunctionandperipherysupportingindustry.Peripherysupportingenvironmentthinkingpointstothelocalenterpriseworkingabilitymainlyprocesseslevel,heattreatmenthandicraftandtheinfrastructuralfacilitiesconstructionetc.2)Functiondesign.Greatmajorityourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisthesamekindmodelcopyingtoabroad.Butpeculiarnationalconditionsbecauseofourcountryexistence.Mustcarryoutappropriatereformingontheproduct.Tosatisfyrequestofourcountry.Butfaultblindlycopyblindly.Themachinerydesigningthatispackedin,irrigatesthedressfunctionoutsideexceptneedingtosatisfyabox.Wemustconsidertheadditionalfunctionpackingmachinery.Ifinpackageboxshouldaddacountingcup.Themedicinespoonwaitsanutensildown.Beputintousewithconvenienceofcustomers.Inmachine,kindofaspectdevelopingcandesigncomparativelyadvancedmachinery.Ifsterilepackmachinery,thepackagemachineryretainingfreshnessetc.Candevelopthecorollaryequipmentsellingcompletesetsofequipmentandthepost-processingatreducedpricesinthemedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagefront.3)Functionsdecomposition.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerybelongstotheintegrationofmachinerywithelectronicsproduct.Shouldconsidereveryfunctionallroundtimedesign.SortErYan.Themedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryfunctionmaydivide3majorpartsbeingthatorganizationmoves,monitorsbiographyfeel,theinformationprocessingandcontrollingafunctionbasically.Thefunctionsubdividesorganizationmotionaccordingtomaynotkindwithmachine,packermaybemolding,heat-seal,pressuretracemark,accordingtocutting4bigfunctionsifthealuminummouldsbubblecover.But,paperboxpackagemachinerymaybethattheboxopens,paperboxtransfers,breakstongue,functionssuchasinsertingtongue,flatteningandputtingabatchnumberupmarkpoisonboardunderpaperfolding,deducingpaperfeed.Wanttoconsidermachinerylubrication,safefunctionssuchasrunning,packinghygieneofmachinerytoointheprocessofdesign.Thisdemandsthetechnologydesigningthatthepersonnelconsidersdetectingsufficiently.Brightness,machine,electricityintegrationtechnology,computerart.Intersectionbetweenthepneumatictechnology,thelogisticstechnologyconnection.4)Organizationisdesigned.Betorealizethepredeterminedfunction.Weneedtousedifferentorganization.Thisneedsthepartsynthesizingeachconsideringacompletemachineamongoneprocess.Usetheproductdesigningthatwhilesatisfyingtheusagerequest.Structureissimple,pragmatic.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryorganizationdesignstime.Respondtotheprinciplechoosingappropriateorganizationmotionandconstituting.Thinksufficientlytorealizewhatspeciallyappointedmotionneedsorganization.Ifcamorganization.Barlinkage.Cambarlinkage.Respondtothetechnologywieldingseparationdriveatthesametime.Thinkthatthetransmissionshaftdesignsaproblem(ifcastellatedshaftandladderaxisetc.)anddrivearesystematicsynthetically.Designthatprocessmiddleshouldcutdowntheeffectthattheuncertaintyfactorbringsabouttothefull.Messengerorganizationoperationisstable.Designthatmachinerycarriesoutkineticmethodsofanalysisansweringnowandthen.Withlifting,machineryrunsspeedandstationarity.Shouldthinkthatvariouspackingmachinery,adjustable,holdsthemistake,butexpansion,stationarityaswellasbeautiful-rizationbesides.Runaftermachineryisdeftbutstable.Designprocessbutconsultpackagemachinerydesignofallkindsstrongpoint.Drawothermachinery(ifplasticmachinery,printsmachinery)meritatthesametime.Designtheoutsideexceptcarryingoutorganization.Returnapproachbacktotherealizationshouldthinkthateveryfunctionisother.Ifvacuum,electricalequipmentwaitsunderthecontrolof.Toexpectthatoptimumcombinationisaproductsturn.5)Systemunderthecontrolofschemesdesign.Inmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinery,averyimportantpartisthatrealtimedetectingisback-offtoeveryorganization.Toensurethatequipmentoperationissmooth.Nowmanymachineryproductshasselectedandusedlargeamountofphotoelectricityswitchbeingthedetectingcomponent.EquipmenthassuchasPCdetectingbubblecoversystemonsomemachineryandthelikesystem.Thisneedalldesignsthatmeticulously.And,thegeneralnavalcompanyisanintegralwhole.Three,concludingremarksThethoughtaconceptisdesignedmeltstoentermedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignbeingabletofalloffdesigningafault.Shortenadesigncycle.Acceleratetheproductexploitation.Maketheproductdesigningthatmorerational,haveaffinity,moresuitableman-machineprojectmore.Itisalsothatthemainmeanscostingdownandimprovingenterprisecompetitionisshortofpassivecompetitionaspectbackwardforimprovingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignatthesametime.ToadapttothechallengethatqueenGMPtimesbringsabout.Designthatthepersonnelmusttakeproductconceptualdesignseriously.Deepenthesignificanceunderstandingconceptualdesigns.譯文論藥品包裝機(jī)械的概念設(shè)計(jì)近年來，由于我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的持續(xù)高漲和國(guó)家對(duì)制藥行業(yè)強(qiáng)制性推行GMP(藥品生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量規(guī)范)認(rèn)證制度，藥品包裝機(jī)械取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。新產(chǎn)品日益增多，技術(shù)水平有了很大的改進(jìn)。但與國(guó)際水平相比還存在著很大的差距，近60%的產(chǎn)品達(dá)不到發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家上世紀(jì)80年代的水平，先進(jìn)大型的設(shè)備主要依賴進(jìn)口。我國(guó)藥品包裝機(jī)械的低技術(shù)水平在很大程度上是由我國(guó)企業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)人員低水平設(shè)計(jì)引起的。一、我國(guó)藥品包裝機(jī)械現(xiàn)狀分析我國(guó)藥品包裝機(jī)械與國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平相比尚有較大的差距.國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)上主要存在以下幾點(diǎn)不足：1)機(jī)械性能落后，國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械大多精度低、速度慢、平穩(wěn)性差。包裝機(jī)械運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)過程包含大量復(fù)雜的間歇式運(yùn)動(dòng)，主要由凸輪、連桿來實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而許多設(shè)計(jì)人員不會(huì)根據(jù)工作循環(huán)圖和精度要求獨(dú)立設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算凸輪連桿機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)，只是簡(jiǎn)單的把國(guó)外樣機(jī)的凸輪連桿零件拆卸下來進(jìn)行逐點(diǎn)測(cè)繪，造成執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)誤差很大。國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械大多運(yùn)行速度較低，如鋁塑泡罩包裝機(jī)的沖裁頻率一般為100300個(gè)/min，全自動(dòng)藥盒包裝機(jī)的裝盒速度50200盒/min，而國(guó)際上先進(jìn)的鋁塑泡罩包裝機(jī)的沖裁頻率能夠達(dá)到600個(gè)/min，全自動(dòng)藥盒包裝機(jī)的裝盒速度能夠達(dá)到600800盒/min。國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械不僅運(yùn)行速度慢，而且還伴有較大的噪音。2)控制水平落后。國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械大多控制水平低、自動(dòng)性差、故障率高。國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械(主要指盒裝和灌裝機(jī)械)大多采用PLC作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制，而國(guó)外先進(jìn)的藥品包裝機(jī)械大多由計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)控，控制水平相對(duì)落后。大多數(shù)國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械自動(dòng)性較差。一是普遍采用單機(jī)生產(chǎn)模式，全自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線少。二是做不到全自動(dòng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，需要人工加料，手動(dòng)裝箱。如一些紙盒包裝機(jī)中，藥板、說明書紙頁、紙盒都需要手動(dòng)加料，且需專人隨時(shí)注意說明書、藥板、紙盒是否已經(jīng)用完，以免造成機(jī)器空轉(zhuǎn)或造成缺說明書、藥板、藥盒現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。另外，國(guó)產(chǎn)藥品包裝機(jī)械故障率較高。控制元器件(如繼電器、電磁閥、接觸器、斷路器等)等經(jīng)常容易損壞，死機(jī)故障也時(shí)有發(fā)生。3)功能單一、可擴(kuò)展性差。藥品包裝機(jī)械是針對(duì)特定的包裝形式設(shè)計(jì)的。一般在規(guī)定的規(guī)格范圍內(nèi)可調(diào)。而我國(guó)許多藥品包裝機(jī)械在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)考慮不充分，沒有為進(jìn)一步的改造留出足夠的空間，致使設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)械只能適應(yīng)于幾種簡(jiǎn)單的模板，不適應(yīng)包裝材料或模板尺寸的變化，即使適應(yīng)生產(chǎn)的包裝成品質(zhì)量也不佳。4）綜合考慮不足，資源沒有充分利用。我國(guó)藥品包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)存在著混亂現(xiàn)象，許多機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)人員對(duì)電機(jī)拖動(dòng)同步技術(shù)、伺服傳動(dòng)技術(shù)不了解，可用簡(jiǎn)單的電器設(shè)備解決的問題卻用復(fù)雜的機(jī)械裝置來實(shí)現(xiàn)，有的雖然采用了同步電機(jī)等裝置來控制機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)行，但選取不當(dāng)。這些情況不僅造成了資源的極大浪費(fèi)，而且使設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)械的性能低下。5)造型死板。我國(guó)的藥品包裝機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)很少考慮機(jī)械的造型，很多廠家生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械造型不美觀，甚至沒有造型，給人感覺僵硬、死板、沒有活力。一些藥盒包裝機(jī)中，螺釘螺母都安裝在機(jī)器的外面板上，而一些潤(rùn)滑用的油杯和油嘴也隨處可見，加油時(shí)容易使機(jī)器到處沾滿油污，給人印象粗糙，不美觀。二、藥品包裝機(jī)械概念設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容人們經(jīng)過多年的研究，將概念設(shè)計(jì)定義為：“在確定了任務(wù)后，通過抽象化擬定功能結(jié)構(gòu)，尋求適當(dāng)?shù)淖饔迷砑捌浣M合等，確定出基本求解途徑，得出求解方案。這一部分設(shè)計(jì)工作叫做概念設(shè)計(jì)”概念設(shè)計(jì)指明確設(shè)計(jì)目的和現(xiàn)有條件后，設(shè)計(jì)者搜索多方面的知識(shí)，分析提煉后生成框架式的廣泛意義上的解。藥品包裝機(jī)械的概念設(shè)計(jì)要求根據(jù)產(chǎn)品生命周期各個(gè)階段，進(jìn)行產(chǎn)品功能創(chuàng)造、功能分解以及功能和子功能的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，進(jìn)行滿足功能和結(jié)構(gòu)要求的工作原理求解和進(jìn)行實(shí)現(xiàn)功能結(jié)構(gòu)的工作原理載體方案的構(gòu)思和系統(tǒng)化設(shè)計(jì)概念設(shè)計(jì)的過程是一個(gè)求解實(shí)現(xiàn)功能的、滿足各種技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)的、可能