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中英文翻譯原文：CommentonmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconceptualdesignInrecentyears,CarryoutGMP(medicinesandchemicalreagentsproducesspecificationsofquality)attestationsystembecauseofsustainedourcountryeconomicsituationriseandcountrytopharmacyindustrymandatory.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryhasgotquitegreatprogress.Thenewproductincreasesbygradually.Engineeringlevelhashadverybigimprovement.Butbereturningverybiggapsbacktoexistencecomparedwithinternationalstandards.Levelbeingcloseto60%sproductcannottoreachupperdevelopedcountrycenturyeighties.Large-scaleadvancedequipmentisdependentonentrancemainly.Lowourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryengineeringlevelisthatthedesigndesigningpersonnellowlevelfromourcountryenterprisearousestoagreatextent.One,ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycurrentsituationanalysesOurcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerystillhasbiggergapcomparedwithadvancedinternationallevel.Whattimeisinsufficientondomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignundermainexistence1)Backwarddomesticmechanicalperformancemedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerymostly,accuracylowvelocity,isslow,stationaritydispatchespackagemachinerytravelprocesstocontainlargeamountofdyadiccomplicatedintermittencemotion.Cometocometruemainlyfromthecam,theconnectingrod.But,manydesignthatthepersonnelisunabletorequirethattheindependencedesignstheparametercalculatingcambarlinkagekinematicsanddynamicsaccordingtojobcyclepictureandaccuracy.Beonlythesurveyingandmappingcarryingoutapiecemealthattheabroadmodelmachinecamconnectingrodpartisdismantleddownsimplely.Bringaboutactuatingmechanismerrorisverybig.Thatdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrunsspeedmostlyismoregeneralthanhangingdownaccordingtocuttingfrequencyifthealuminiummouldsbubblecoverpackersfor100one300mins,full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeed50-200boxes/msin.But,ontheinternational,theadvancedaluminiummouldsrushingsteepingcoverpackercuttingfrequencybeabletoreach600mins.Full-automaticmedicineboxpackerdressboxspeedisabletoreach600800box/mins.Notonlyworkingspeedofdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisslow.And,thepartnerhasbiggernoise.2)Isunderthecontrolofhorizontalbackward.Domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerycontrolslow,automationofleveldifferencemostly,themalfunctionleadsheight.(Mainpackagemachineryfingerboxdresscontrolsdomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentswithdrinkingwineholdingmachinerywith)adoptPLCtodoascenemostly.But,advancedmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryrealizessupervisorycontrolabroadmostlyfromcomputersystem.Underthecontrolofhorizontalrelativelybackward.Greatmajoritydomesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryautomationsexisrelativelypoor.Adoptasingletoproduceapatternfirstcommonly.Thefull-automaticproductionlineisfew.Twoisthatfull-automationworkscannottoachieve.Requirethatthemanpowerfeedsinrawmaterial.Handmovementenchases.Ifinalittlepaperboxpacker,Page,paperboxallneedsmedicineboard,specificationspapertomovechargingpersonally.Andrequirespecially-assignedpersontopayattentiontoifspecifications,medicineboard,paperboxalreadyfinishusingatanytime.Happentoavoidbringingaboutmachineracingorbringingaboutincompletespecifications,medicineboard,andmedicineboxphenomenon.Other,domesticmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemechanicfailureratesarehigher.Controlacomponent(iftherelay,electromagneticvalve,contactor,breakeretc.)etc.areofteneasytodamage.Haltalsotofrequentlyoccurthemalfunction.3)Functionsareunitary,expansionsexisbad.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisthattheformdesignsthatspecificallyforspeciallyappointedpackage.Thegeneralspecificationrangeinnerinregulationisadjustable.But,alotofourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconsidersinsufficiencywhendesigningthat.Benotthatreforminggoingastepfurthersetsapartsufficientspace.Causethemachinerydesigningthattobeabletoonlyadapttotheformboardinseveralkindssimplicities.Changenotadaptingtowrappingmaterialortheformboarddimension.Fitinwitheven.Thepackagefinishedproductmassgivingbirthtoachildisneithernice.4)Considersdeficiencysynthetically.Resourcedoesnotfullyutilize.Ourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentsthereexiststhechaosphenomenoninpackagemachinerydesign.Alotofmachinerydesignsthatthepersonneldragstotheelectricmotormovingthesynchronytechnology,theservodrivetechnologydonotknows.Theproblemsimpleelectricalequipmentavailableisresolvedusescomplicatedmechanismtocometocometruebut.Somethoughthecontrolorganworkstocomehavingadoptthesynchronyelectricmotortowaitforadevice.Butchooseblockofwoodding-dang.Themaximumhavingbroughtaboutresourcenotonlywastesthiscondition.Andmakemachineryfunctiondesigningthatlow.5)Modelisinflexible.Modelseldomconsideringmachinerytimemedicinesandchemicalreagentsofourcountrypackagemachinerydesign.Manymachinemoldingthatthemanufacturerproducesisnotbeautifuldonothavemodeleven.Givepersonfeelingtorigid,toinflexible,nottohavevigor.Afewmedicineboxpackersaremiddle.Thenutallassemblesscrewonthemachineoutsideboard.But,theoilcupandflownipplethatalittlelubricationusesalsocanbeseeneverywhere.Bestainedfullywithagreasydirteasytousemachineeverywheretimeoiling.Impressionisroughtoperson.Nobeautiful.Two,medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconceptualdesigncontentPeoplelong-termstudypasses.Defineconceptualdesignbeing:Havebeenascertainingthemissionqueen.Passabstract-relation.Designthefunctionstructure.Exploreappropriateeffectprincipleandtheircombinationwaiting.Ascertainoutbasicfindingthesolutionapproach.Reachfindthesolutionscheme.Thispartoftheconceptualdesigndesigningthatthejobiscalledconceptualdesignisreferredtomakethequeenwhodesignspurposeandnowhasconditionclear.Thedesignersearchesformany-sidedknowledge.Analysisabstractsthesolutionongeneratingdyadicbroadframesignificancethedayaftertomorrow.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconceptualdesigndemandsaccordingtoeachproductlifecyclestages.Carryingouttheproductfunctioncreates,thefunctionbreaksupaswellasthefunctionandsonarefunctionalphysicaldesign:Thatconceptionandsystematizationcarryingouttheschemesatisfyingtheoperatingprinciplethatthefunctionandstructuredemandfindingthesolutionandcarryingouttheoperatingprinciplecarrierrealizingthefunctionstructuresdesigntheconceptualdesignprocessisthatonefindsthesolutionrealizingafunctions,satisfiesthevarioustechnologyandvariousthereexistingineconomictargets,possibilityschemewellultimateforsuresyntheticallyoptimumschemeprocess.Theconceptualdesigneffectembodiesintheproductdesignearlyphasestagemainly.Chiefarchitectisbasedonfunctionalneedofproductbutprimitiveconceptionandimpulsionsproutingoutformtheproductmainbodyframe.And,itrespondstoeverymainmoduleandmoduleincluding.Inordertoaccomplishingoveralllayoutandtheexterior,thefirststepdesignsthat.Andthencarryouttheoptimizationappraisingasum.Ascertaintheoveralldesignplan.Designthatthepersonnelcarriesoutthechiefarchitectdesignthoughtgoingtodesigningmiddleconcretelyagainfromeverypart.Detaildesignsrealization.Theconceptualdesignputtingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryintopracticedemandstodesignthatthepersonnelreinforcesthecognitiontomedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagefirst.Deepentheconnotationunderstandingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackages.Introducemodernpackageidea.Beinlinewiththeinternationalconventionsactively.Modernpackageistoensuretheproductsafetynotonly.Makeproducttransportationconvenient.Andbegettinguppropagate,environmentalprotection,defendsagainstfalse.Attractivelookswaitsforthemany-sidedeffect.Wrapupcontentsadditionalinformation.Themedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignpersonnelshouldshowsolicitudefordevelopmentofpackagesystemclosely.Godeepintothehandicraftstudyingpackage.Knowdemandofdevelopmentofwrappingmaterialandthepersontomachineryproductverywell.Onlywhensuchabilitydesignsthatoutsatisfythehightonemachineryproductthattheconsumerdemands.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryconceptualdesigncontenthasmainly:1)Makesthedesignmissionclear.Bereadyforfeasibilityanalysis.Thedesignerdesignsinitialstageworkinginbeinginprogress.Respondtothefeasibilityconsideringaproductsufficiently.Oneaspectisthemarketplacethinking.Includetheproductionmarketing,productrawmaterial,thefabricatingcostthinking:Anotheraspectisthinkingthattheproductprocesses.Includethinkingnowhavingaworkingability,processinghandicraft,processingthefunctionandperipherysupportingindustry.Peripherysupportingenvironmentthinkingpointstothelocalenterpriseworkingabilitymainlyprocesseslevel,heattreatmenthandicraftandtheinfrastructuralfacilitiesconstructionetc.2)Functiondesign.Greatmajorityourcountrymedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryisthesamekindmodelcopyingtoabroad.Butpeculiarnationalconditionsbecauseofourcountryexistence.Mustcarryoutappropriatereformingontheproduct.Tosatisfyrequestofourcountry.Butfaultblindlycopyblindly.Themachinerydesigningthatispackedin,irrigatesthedressfunctionoutsideexceptneedingtosatisfyabox.Wemustconsidertheadditionalfunctionpackingmachinery.Ifinpackageboxshouldaddacountingcup.Themedicinespoonwaitsanutensildown.Beputintousewithconvenienceofcustomers.Inmachine,kindofaspectdevelopingcandesigncomparativelyadvancedmachinery.Ifsterilepackmachinery,thepackagemachineryretainingfreshnessetc.Candevelopthecorollaryequipmentsellingcompletesetsofequipmentandthepost-processingatreducedpricesinthemedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagefront.3)Functionsdecomposition.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerybelongstotheintegrationofmachinerywithelectronicsproduct.Shouldconsidereveryfunctionallroundtimedesign.SortErYan.Themedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryfunctionmaydivide3majorpartsbeingthatorganizationmoves,monitorsbiographyfeel,theinformationprocessingandcontrollingafunctionbasically.Thefunctionsubdividesorganizationmotionaccordingtomaynotkindwithmachine,packermaybemolding,heat-seal,pressuretracemark,accordingtocutting4bigfunctionsifthealuminummouldsbubblecover.But,paperboxpackagemachinerymaybethattheboxopens,paperboxtransfers,breakstongue,functionssuchasinsertingtongue,flatteningandputtingabatchnumberupmarkpoisonboardunderpaperfolding,deducingpaperfeed.Wanttoconsidermachinerylubrication,safefunctionssuchasrunning,packinghygieneofmachinerytoointheprocessofdesign.Thisdemandsthetechnologydesigningthatthepersonnelconsidersdetectingsufficiently.Brightness,machine,electricityintegrationtechnology,computerart.Intersectionbetweenthepneumatictechnology,thelogisticstechnologyconnection.4)Organizationisdesigned.Betorealizethepredeterminedfunction.Weneedtousedifferentorganization.Thisneedsthepartsynthesizingeachconsideringacompletemachineamongoneprocess.Usetheproductdesigningthatwhilesatisfyingtheusagerequest.Structureissimple,pragmatic.Medicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachineryorganizationdesignstime.Respondtotheprinciplechoosingappropriateorganizationmotionandconstituting.Thinksufficientlytorealizewhatspeciallyappointedmotionneedsorganization.Ifcamorganization.Barlinkage.Cambarlinkage.Respondtothetechnologywieldingseparationdriveatthesametime.Thinkthatthetransmissionshaftdesignsaproblem(ifcastellatedshaftandladderaxisetc.)anddrivearesystematicsynthetically.Designthatprocessmiddleshouldcutdowntheeffectthattheuncertaintyfactorbringsabouttothefull.Messengerorganizationoperationisstable.Designthatmachinerycarriesoutkineticmethodsofanalysisansweringnowandthen.Withlifting,machineryrunsspeedandstationarity.Shouldthinkthatvariouspackingmachinery,adjustable,holdsthemistake,butexpansion,stationarityaswellasbeautiful-rizationbesides.Runaftermachineryisdeftbutstable.Designprocessbutconsultpackagemachinerydesignofallkindsstrongpoint.Drawothermachinery(ifplasticmachinery,printsmachinery)meritatthesametime.Designtheoutsideexceptcarryingoutorganization.Returnapproachbacktotherealizationshouldthinkthateveryfunctionisother.Ifvacuum,electricalequipmentwaitsunderthecontrolof.Toexpectthatoptimumcombinationisaproductsturn.5)Systemunderthecontrolofschemesdesign.Inmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinery,averyimportantpartisthatrealtimedetectingisback-offtoeveryorganization.Toensurethatequipmentoperationissmooth.Nowmanymachineryproductshasselectedandusedlargeamountofphotoelectricityswitchbeingthedetectingcomponent.EquipmenthassuchasPCdetectingbubblecoversystemonsomemachineryandthelikesystem.Thisneedalldesignsthatmeticulously.And,thegeneralnavalcompanyisanintegralwhole.Three,concludingremarksThethoughtaconceptisdesignedmeltstoentermedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignbeingabletofalloffdesigningafault.Shortenadesigncycle.Acceleratetheproductexploitation.Maketheproductdesigningthatmorerational,haveaffinity,moresuitableman-machineprojectmore.Itisalsothatthemainmeanscostingdownandimprovingenterprisecompetitionisshortofpassivecompetitionaspectbackwardforimprovingmedicinesandchemicalreagentspackagemachinerydesignatthesametime.ToadapttothechallengethatqueenGMPtimesbringsabout.Designthatthepersonnelmusttakeproductconceptualdesignseriously.Deepenthesignificanceunderstandingconceptualdesigns.譯文論藥品包裝機械的概念設計近年來，由于我國經濟形勢的持續(xù)高漲和國家對制藥行業(yè)強制性推行GMP(藥品生產質量規(guī)范)認證制度，藥品包裝機械取得了長足的進步。新產品日益增多，技術水平有了很大的改進。但與國際水平相比還存在著很大的差距，近60%的產品達不到發(fā)達國家上世紀80年代的水平，先進大型的設備主要依賴進口。我國藥品包裝機械的低技術水平在很大程度上是由我國企業(yè)設計人員低水平設計引起的。一、我國藥品包裝機械現(xiàn)狀分析我國藥品包裝機械與國際先進水平相比尚有較大的差距.國產藥品包裝機械設計上主要存在以下幾點不足：1)機械性能落后，國產藥品包裝機械大多精度低、速度慢、平穩(wěn)性差。包裝機械運轉過程包含大量復雜的間歇式運動，主要由凸輪、連桿來實現(xiàn)。然而許多設計人員不會根據(jù)工作循環(huán)圖和精度要求獨立設計計算凸輪連桿機構的運動學和動力學參數(shù)，只是簡單的把國外樣機的凸輪連桿零件拆卸下來進行逐點測繪，造成執(zhí)行機構誤差很大。國產藥品包裝機械大多運行速度較低，如鋁塑泡罩包裝機的沖裁頻率一般為100300個/min，全自動藥盒包裝機的裝盒速度50200盒/min，而國際上先進的鋁塑泡罩包裝機的沖裁頻率能夠達到600個/min，全自動藥盒包裝機的裝盒速度能夠達到600800盒/min。國產藥品包裝機械不僅運行速度慢，而且還伴有較大的噪音。2)控制水平落后。國產藥品包裝機械大多控制水平低、自動性差、故障率高。國產藥品包裝機械(主要指盒裝和灌裝機械)大多采用PLC作現(xiàn)場控制，而國外先進的藥品包裝機械大多由計算機系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)監(jiān)控，控制水平相對落后。大多數(shù)國產藥品包裝機械自動性較差。一是普遍采用單機生產模式，全自動生產線少。二是做不到全自動運轉，需要人工加料，手動裝箱。如一些紙盒包裝機中，藥板、說明書紙頁、紙盒都需要手動加料，且需專人隨時注意說明書、藥板、紙盒是否已經用完，以免造成機器空轉或造成缺說明書、藥板、藥盒現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。另外，國產藥品包裝機械故障率較高?？刂圃骷?如繼電器、電磁閥、接觸器、斷路器等)等經常容易損壞，死機故障也時有發(fā)生。3)功能單一、可擴展性差。藥品包裝機械是針對特定的包裝形式設計的。一般在規(guī)定的規(guī)格范圍內可調。而我國許多藥品包裝機械在設計時考慮不充分，沒有為進一步的改造留出足夠的空間，致使設計的機械只能適應于幾種簡單的模板，不適應包裝材料或模板尺寸的變化，即使適應生產的包裝成品質量也不佳。4）綜合考慮不足，資源沒有充分利用。我國藥品包裝機械設計存在著混亂現(xiàn)象，許多機械設計人員對電機拖動同步技術、伺服傳動技術不了解，可用簡單的電器設備解決的問題卻用復雜的機械裝置來實現(xiàn)，有的雖然采用了同步電機等裝置來控制機構運行，但選取不當。這些情況不僅造成了資源的極大浪費，而且使設計的機械的性能低下。5)造型死板。我國的藥品包裝機械設計時很少考慮機械的造型，很多廠家生產的機械造型不美觀，甚至沒有造型，給人感覺僵硬、死板、沒有活力。一些藥盒包裝機中，螺釘螺母都安裝在機器的外面板上，而一些潤滑用的油杯和油嘴也隨處可見，加油時容易使機器到處沾滿油污，給人印象粗糙，不美觀。二、藥品包裝機械概念設計的內容人們經過多年的研究，將概念設計定義為：“在確定了任務后，通過抽象化擬定功能結構，尋求適當?shù)淖饔迷砑捌浣M合等，確定出基本求解途徑，得出求解方案。這一部分設計工作叫做概念設計”概念設計指明確設計目的和現(xiàn)有條件后，設計者搜索多方面的知識，分析提煉后生成框架式的廣泛意義上的解。藥品包裝機械的概念設計要求根據(jù)產品生命周期各個階段，進行產品功能創(chuàng)造、功能分解以及功能和子功能的結構設計，進行滿足功能和結構要求的工作原理求解和進行實現(xiàn)功能結構的工作原理載體方案的構思和系統(tǒng)化設計概念設計的過程是一個求解實現(xiàn)功能的、滿足各種技術和經濟指標的、可能