九年級Unit2A課件3(Grammar-4c).ppt

Unit 2,Section A 3 Grammar Focus-4c,Unit 1 How can we become good learners?,Grammar Focus,I know that the Water Festival is really fun.,I wonder if theyll have the races again next year.,I wonder whether June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.,I believe that April is the hottest month in Thailand.,What fun the Water Festival is!,How fantastic the dragon boat teams were!,How pretty the dragon boats were!,How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!,Look at these sentences,What a great day!,What fun the Water Festival is!,How pretty the dragon boats were!,How delicious the food is in Hong Kong!,感嘆句,通常由what, how引導(dǎo),表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅等感情。,Exclamatory statements,what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,What an honest man (he is)!,What beautiful flowers (these are)!,What bad weather (it is)!,how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句,How good a book it is!,How careless (you are)!,How I miss you!,How+ adj.+ a/an+ n.+主+謂+! How+(adj./adv.)+主+謂+!,What+ a/an+(adj.)+n.(單數(shù))+(主+謂)+! What+(adj.)+n.(復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù))+(主+謂)+!,賓語從句:,一.賓語從句的概念（什么是賓語從句）試比較 We know him 簡單句 主s 謂v 賓o We know he likes basketball.復(fù)合句 主s 謂v 賓o 主s 謂v 賓o 賓語從句就是由一個句子來構(gòu)成主句的賓語 We know that Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. He couldnt tell me where his home was.,主句,連接詞,賓語從句,that,連接詞,連接詞,（賓語從句）,I think that theyre fun to watch. Mary thinks that the teams were fantastic. 3. Bill wonders whether theyll have the sweet rice dumplings again next year. 4. I wonder if its similar to the water festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.,Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.,Object clauses with that, if and whether,二、賓語從句三要素,引導(dǎo)詞 （連接詞） 語 序 時 態(tài),陳述句that (口語中常被省略。),一般疑問句if/whether,特殊疑問句原有的特殊疑問詞,陳述句語序 （主句 +連接詞 +主語 +謂語 +其他成分.）,當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用該用的時態(tài)。,當(dāng)主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句必須用 相應(yīng)的過去的某一時態(tài)。,These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars. Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars. People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier. We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system. The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light. Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.,Which of the following sentences has an object clause?,4a,Write sentences using the words given. e.g. think/Lantern Festival/beautiful I think that the Lantern Festival is beautiful. 1. dont know/whether/he/come home/for the festival _ 2. believe/Water Festival/most/fun _ 3. wonder/if/mooncakes/delicious _ 4. how/exciting/races _ 5. what/interesting/city _,I dont know whether he will come home for the festival.,I believe the Water Festival is the most fun.,I wonder if the mooncakes are delicious.,How exciting the races are!,What an interesting city!,Read the passage below and underline the objective clauses. Dear Xia Yu, Do you know that there are two special days for parents in America? One is Mothers Day on the second Sunday of May and the other is Fathers Day on the third Sunday of June. On these two days, American children often give gifts to their parents or take them out for lunch or dinner. Common gifts are flowers and cards for mothers and shirts or ties for fathers. I heard that it is becoming more and more popular to celebrate Mothers Day and Fathers Day in China. I wonder if children over there also give similar gifts to their parents. I believe that there are many ways to show our love. Actually, we dont have to spend a lot of money. It is also a good idea to help parents to do something instead. June,4b,Object clauses with that,由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時（包括肯定句和否定句），連詞由that引導(dǎo)。 注：that 在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)成分， 在口語當(dāng)中往往省略。 The teacher says ,“Well have exams next Friday.” The teacher says (that ) well have exams next Friday. The girl said,“I can help him.” The girl said (that) she could help him. Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow. (I hear) The food was delicious . ( He says ),I hear (that) Miss Liu will go to the beach tomorrow.,He says (that) the food was delicious .,練一練,1.This is a book. 2.You like singing. 3.He worked last night. 4.They will go home. 5.Jim has been to Beijing. 6.She sings well.,用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句: 1. I know 2. She says 3. Tell your friend ,（that）,1. I hear (that) _. 2. He said (that) _. 3. The teacher told us (that) _ _.,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,around the sun,練習(xí)： April is the hottest month of the year. (I believe) _ 2. It was a little crowded. ( I guess) _ 3. The races were not that interesting to watch. (Bill thinks ) _ 4. The Water Festival is really fun.( I know) _,他將一小時候回來,他很想念我們,地球圍著太陽旋轉(zhuǎn),I believe (that) April is the hottest month of the year.,I guess (that) it was a little crowded.,Bill thinks (that) the races were not that interesting to watch.,I know (that) the Water Festival is really fun.,連詞that不能省略的幾種情況 在由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，由于連詞that只起引導(dǎo)功能，無具體意義，不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成份，因此在口語或非正式的文體中常可省略。然而，大凡規(guī)則總有例外的情況，在下列that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that則不能省略。 1. 從句的主語是that。如： He says that that is a real kings hat. 他說那是一個真的王冠。 2. that從句中含有主從復(fù)合句。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 3. 主、從句之間有插入語時。如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays. 卡片上寫著，它是古代演戲用的。 4. 若出現(xiàn)兩個或兩上以上的由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，且由并列 連詞連接時，只有第一個連詞that可以省略。如： She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她說她要來，還要帶她的兒子來。,Object clauses with if and whether,當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時連詞由if和whether引導(dǎo)。表“是否”的意思,我問他是否想去游泳,I ask,Does he want to go swim?,if/whether,I ask,he wants to go swim,1.改為陳述句語氣， 2.用if/whether連接,Object clauses with if and whether,由if / whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 I. if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，作“是否”講，一般情況下，二者沒有區(qū)別，可以換用。但if常用于口語中，whether比較正式。 . if和whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，要注意賓語從句三要素，即連詞、語序和時態(tài)。if和whether連接的是一般疑問句，因此要注意把從句語序改為陳述句語序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 2008? Could you tell me? Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 2008? Tom asked me, “Are you a student?” Tom asked me if I was a student.,其次要注意時態(tài)變化： 1. 若主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用任何所需時態(tài)。如： He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他們回家旅途是否愉快。 2. 若主句是一般過去時，從句則用跟過去相關(guān)的時態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時、一般將來時為過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)變?yōu)檫^去完成時。如： Did the train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left. Li Lei wonders . Is Jim in ? Li Lei wonders if Jim is in. The doctor wonders . Has she taken any medicine ? The doctor wonders if she has taken any medicine. Tom asked me, “Are you a student?” Tom asked me if I was a student.,一般疑問句語序變陳述句語序 原一般疑問句的主語前如果是be 動詞、情態(tài)動詞或其他助動詞，則應(yīng)將其放到主語之后。 如：He asks: Is Tom a diver? - He asks whether Tom is a driver. 練習(xí)：將下列句子改成陳述句語序： 1.Is there a bank near here? 2.Is it on Fifth Avenue? 3.Are they doing homework? 4.Can we wear hats in school?,There is a bank near here,It is on Fifth Avenue,They are doing homework,we can wear hats in school,原一般疑問句的主語前如果是助動詞do / does / did，應(yīng)去掉，謂語動詞應(yīng)改為其相應(yīng)的形式 原一般疑問句的主語前如果是dont / doesnt / didnt，則直接將其放到主語之后； 如：Does he like apples? I dont know. - I dont know whether he likes apples. 5.Does she work in a hospital? 6.Did you go to Center Park? 7.Do we have to wear a uniform?,she works in a hospital,you went to Center Park,we have to wear a uniform,練一練,1.Is he reading ? 2.Do you get up at six? 3.Does Tom work hard? 4.Did you watch TV ? 5.Will they read books ? 6.Can you sing ?,用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句: 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks ,if/whether,1.Is Jim at home? (I wonder) _ 2. Is June a good time to visit Hong Kong? ( He wonders) _ 3. Does he like sports? ( Do you know) _ 4. Will they play basketball after school? ( He asked) _ 5.Did he like this sweater? (I want to know) _ 6.Can you help me ?(He asked me ) _,Object clauses with if and whether,I want to know if (whether) he liked this sweater.,He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,I wonder if/whether Jim is at home?,He wonders if/weather June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.,Do you know if /whether he likes sports?,He asked if whether they Will play basketball after school.,. if和whether的區(qū)別 二者在下列幾種情況下不能換用： 賓語從句置于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時，應(yīng)whether， 不用if。如： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 這是否對，我不能判斷。 2. 賓語從句與or not直接連用時，應(yīng) whether，不能用if。如： I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否來。 3. 與動詞不定式連用時，只能用whether。如： She cant decide whether to go to America. 她不能決定是否去美國。,注意以下情況只用whether不用if,4. 從句作介詞賓語時，只能用whether。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。 5. 賓語從句的謂語動詞是否定形式時，只能用 if，不能用whether。如： Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow.湯姆想知道他明天是否不來這兒。 6. if意為“假如，如果”時，可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，而whether沒有這個用法。如： If Simon comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. 假如西蒙明天來這兒，我將打電話告訴你。,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：If 與whether 的區(qū)別(不可替代的情況) 1.I dont know _ he will come or not. （與or not 連用只能用whether） 2.That depends on _he can come back. （介詞后只能用whether） 3.He wondered _to stay here the next week.（后與to do 不定式連用只能用whether） 4._he will come is not decided. （句首只能用whether）,我想知道你最喜歡哪一條領(lǐng)帶？,特殊疑問句變成 陳述語序 連接詞就是疑問詞本身,ATTENTION,Object clauses with w/wh/h（特殊疑問句做賓語） 特殊疑問句作賓語從句時，賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為 連接代詞 / 連接副詞陳述句。,which sweater you like best,I wonder,I wonder,which sweater do you like best,特殊疑問句作賓語從句時， 如果疑問詞作主語或主語的定語，其語序不用變化；如果疑問詞充當(dāng)其他句子成分，則賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為連接代詞 / 連接副詞陳述句。如： Who can answer the question? I want to know. - I want to know who can answer the question. Whose book is on the desk? We all know. - We all know whose book is on the desk. When will they arrive? Please tell us. - Please tell us when they will arrive. 特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句后，用問號還是用句號完全取決于主句的句式：如主句為陳述句、祈使句，句末就用句號；如主句是疑問句，句末就用問號。如： I dont know when we shall start tomorrow Do you know when we shall start tomorrow？,練一練,What is this ? What are you doing ? Where do you live ? When does he get up ? How did you go to work? Who will you play with?,用以下開頭與下列句子連成賓語從句: 1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me ,He asks me,“What does your father do?” He asks me what my father does. He asked me,“Where did you go yesterday?” He asked me where I went yesterday. 練習(xí)： 1.He asked Lucy,“Whats your favorite subject?” 2.Can you tell me,“Why do you like English so much?” 3.Do you know,“Where is the nearest post office ?” 4.I asked the boy,“Which book do you like best?”,Object clauses with w/wh/h,【注意】疑問句中主語之前的助動詞若是 dodoes did，變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要先將其去掉，謂語動 詞再根據(jù)時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。,8.Wheres your pen pal from? 9. Where does he live? 10.What language does she speak? 11.Why do you like pandas?,Where your pen pal is from,Where he lives,What language she speaks,Why you like pandas,填一填,was,is,will cook,is singing,has been,was playing,had learned,1.當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句的時態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)。 （需要性原則）,2.當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。（呼應(yīng)性原則）,1) He will go to Hong Kong . 2) He is sick. 3) He is reading a book . 4) He has finished his work.,1) He to Hong Kong .,2) He sick. 3) He a book . 4) He,辨一辨,would go,was,was reading,his work.,had finished,確定從句的時態(tài)(根據(jù)主句時態(tài)),主句時態(tài),從 句 時 態(tài),連 接 前,連 接 后,一般現(xiàn)在時,時態(tài)保持不變,一般過去時,一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時,一般過去時,過去完成時,一般將來時,過去將來時,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,過去進(jìn)行時,現(xiàn)在完成時,過去完成時,the sun much bigger than the moon.,3.當(dāng)賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。（特殊性原則）,ATTENTION,He told me (that),Summer after Spring .,is,I was told (that),is,no news good news.,My parents told me (that),is,注意：賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：如果主句的謂語動詞是 think, believe, guess 等，而且主句的主語又是第一人稱時，它后面接的賓語從句的否定詞通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的動詞，而從句用肯定形式（主語為第一人稱，否定在主句，翻譯在從句。） 翻譯：1. 我認(rèn)為不會下雨 I _ _ that it _ _. 2. 我認(rèn)為你的答案不對. I _ _your answer _ right. . 我們相信他還沒走. We _ _ that he _ _,dont think will rain,dont think is,dont believe has gone,.Find out the mistakes and correct them. 1 Could you tell me where do they live? 2 She knew that Danny is a student. 3 He told me that winter was colder than autumn. 4.Do you know who car it is? 5. Miss Zhang asked me why was I late for school. 6.Father told me the sun always rose in the east. 7.He doesnt know that when she can come back. 8. I dont understand what did you say.,was,is,whose,I was,rises,you said,根據(jù)漢語句子的意思完成下列英語句子,1. 我認(rèn)為瑪麗不回來了。 I dont think Mary _ _. 2. 山姆給我說他準(zhǔn)備去上海。 Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai. 3.我想知道今天晚上還有沒有去北京的火車。 I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.,will,come,was,leaving,