關系從句語法Relativeclause.ppt

Relative clause,Warm-up,Fill in the blanks with proper words. The man _ came into the room was small and slender. Opposite is St. Pauls Church, _ you can hear some lovely music. He is the only person _ might be able to help. Most of the mothers have a job, _ they take both for the money and for the company. He _ is not for reform is againt it.,I. Defining vs. non-defining clauses,1. A defining clause is closely attached to the antecedent. It gives essential information about the meaning of its antecedent. Eg: This is the house which we bought last month. She is a woman who must be treated seriously.,2. A non-defining clause if not closely connected with its antecedent. It is generally separated from the main clause by a comma. Eg: The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. His wife, whose name is Ann, made me a great dinner. wh- Formal context,3. non-defining relative clause can also be used to modify the previous clause. Eg： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, _ greatly upsets me. Liquid water changes to vapor, _ is called evaporation.,II. Relative pronoun vs. relative adv.,1. 關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。 1）who, whom, that person： Is he the man _ wants to see you? He is the man (_) I saw yesterday.,2) Whose Person & thing Eg： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose cover is green. Formal: of which, of whom Eg: I travelled in a lorry the back of which the owner had loaded with corns. It is a town the inhabitants of which speak French.,3）which, that 先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等 Eg： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.,2. 關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。 when, where, why “P+ which” Eg： There are occasions when ( _ which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where ( _ which) I was born. Is this the reason why ( _ which) he refused our offer?,3. relative pronoun or relative adv.? Right or wrong? This is the mountain village where I visited last year. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. v. in clause: vt. vi.,pronoun,adv.,Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? where B. that C. on which D. the one Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? where B. that C. on which D. the one 2) Elements in the clause: S, O, C, A,III. Preposition + relative pronouns,1）P + relative pronouns = when, where, why Eg: This is the house _ I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club? Formal Collocation : verb + preposition,2) Colloquial situation Angela was the only person I could talk to. This is the place I used to go to last term. No pronoun 3) Phrasal verb Those are all the things Ive had to put up with. There are other problems, which I dont propose to go into at the moment. This is not the kind of life he was looking forward to.,4) In non-finiting clause At the school we were greeted by the teachers, most of _ were middle-aged. It is a language shared by several quite diverse cultures, each of _ uses it differently. They act mostly on suggestions from present members, four of _ are women.,Exercise:,1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. it B. that C. which D. he 2）_ we all know, smoking is harmful to our health. A. what B. which C. that D. as 3）It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park A. that B. which C. as D. it,IV. Non-finiting clause: as, which,由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.,V. That,Right or wrong? The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. We depend on the land that we get our food from. 1）No “that”: a) non-defining clause b) after preposition,2) Only “that” there be The 9:15 is the fastest train (that) there has ever been. b) Indefinite pronouns: anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little All that live must die. All (that) I want is peace and quiet. c) modifier: the only, the very Any boy that wants to succeed must work hard.,d) cardinal, ordinal number, superlative He was the cleverest man that ever taught in our school. She was the second that ran out of the building. e) both person and thing The stories and people that appear in his novel attract my interest.,VI. Ellipsis of relative words,1) Object 2) SVC He asked for the last book there is on the subject. 3) when, why, where (inf) His father died the year he was born. He is unlikely to find the place he lived forty years ago. The reason he came so early is his own affair. This is the place he stayed when he was in London.,VII. Double & Embedded relative clause,1. Double relative clause The dog worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Jack built. 杰克蓋了房，房里堆了糧，耗子把糧食吃光，貓把耗子抓傷，狗又把貓逼上房。 Double relative clause: refers to a postmodifier composed of two relative clauses that share one and the same a