初中八年級(jí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)課件(極好).ppt

1、冬天來了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？,If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?,初中時(shí)態(tài)講解,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),復(fù)習(xí)目錄,1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的概念 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu) 3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定，疑問形式 4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法 5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與一般過去式的比較,1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的概念,1）表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果； 2） 表示過去已經(jīng)開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 E.g. He has learned English since 2001.,past,now,future,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),一般過去式,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),一般將來

2、時(shí),你會(huì)自己造句嗎？,2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成： Have/has + done,助動(dòng)詞,過去分詞,主語+ have/has +過去分詞+賓語+狀語,Have:第一、二/ 復(fù)數(shù) Has: 第三人稱單數(shù),規(guī)則動(dòng)詞： 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,(1)一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived (3)以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將 y 變?yōu)?i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry

3、-cried-cried (4)重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped,重點(diǎn)1：寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式和過去分詞,Work _ _ Live _ _ Stay _ _ Stop _ _ Clean _ _ Study _ _,worked worked,lived lived,stayed stayed,stopped stopped,cleaned cleaned,studied studied,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,AAA型 cut cut cut, read read read

4、 AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run； come came come become became become ABB型 buy bought bought；build built built ABC型 begin began begun； choose chose chosen,3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定與疑問,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式直接在助動(dòng)詞have或has后面加上not、疑問式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語之前。,例題Rewrite the sentences. 1. I have been to Shanghai before. (改為否定句) I _ _ bee

5、n to Shanghai before. 2. He hasnt come to school because he was ill. (就劃線部分提問) _ _ he come to school?,have,not,Why,doesnt,重點(diǎn)2：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定與疑問,比較have been to/in和have gone to,He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已經(jīng))去上海了。,He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng)) 去過上海。,Have (has) been in,表示“在某地呆多長時(shí)間”，常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如：since, fo

6、r, how long 等。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。,小結(jié),1. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. A. been B. never been C. went D. gone 2. Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park. A. has been to B. has gone t

7、o C. went to D. will go to 3. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice. A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going,B,B,D,重點(diǎn)3 have been to/in和have gone to 的對(duì)比例題,4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。,(漢語中常用“已經(jīng)”、“過”、“了”等表達(dá)）通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just，already, before, yet, ne

8、ver, ever ,two times等狀語連用。例如：,My daughter has just gone out. 我女兒剛出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我們以前見過面。 Have you milked the cow yet? 牛奶的奶擠了嗎？ I have never heard that before. 我從沒聽說過。,你還能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)想到其它句子嗎？,2）表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，如recently, lately, for, since, 等。如： We havent seen you recen

9、tly. 最近我們沒有見到你。 They have been away for two years. 他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 她從周一開始就跟我們在一起了。,注意：a) since和for的區(qū)別 since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there，Tuesday, October-“自從” for后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長達(dá)多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。-“長達(dá)”,重點(diǎn)4：since和for的區(qū)別,1. Jim has be

10、en in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. 5. India has been an independent country _1974. 6. The bus is late. Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those house

11、s. They have been empty _ many years. 8. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.,since,since,since,since,for,for,for,for,for,注意：b) 表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成時(shí)當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用（不能和since, for, how long 連用）。,短暫性動(dòng)詞,He has come here for 2 years.

12、 The old man has died for 4 months. They have left only for 5 minutes. 以上三句話可以改為： He has been here for 2years. The old man has _ _ for 4 months. They have _ _ only for 5 minutes,been,dead,been,out,錯(cuò),錯(cuò),錯(cuò),終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,become be buy have borrow keep catch a cold have a cold get to know know put on wea

13、r,leave be away die be dead arrive in/at be in/at come to be in/at join be a member of /be in start be on finish be over,終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,They left the space station last Monday. They have been away from the space station since last Monday. They have been away from the space station for two days.,注意： c

14、) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now,一般過去式,（錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較,1）一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響。,I saw this film yesterday. I

15、have seen this film.,2）一般過去時(shí) 常與具體的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用; 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用，或無時(shí)間狀語。,一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時(shí)間狀語,3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)

16、性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。,She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) She has been a League member for three years (since

17、three years ago). (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)),( )1. Where have you _ these days? I have _ to Kunming with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone ( )2. How long have you _ this book? A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent ( )3. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet? Yes, I _ it last night. A h

18、ave, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw ( )4. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A. is he B. isnt he C. hasnt he D. has he,B,c,D,D,The passive voice,動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí)專題系列,1.He often helps me in English. 2.Lucy does her homework in the evening. 3.They make shoes in that factory. 4.Do you water the

19、flowers every day?,I am often helped by him in English.,Her homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Shoes are made by them in that factory.,Are the flowers watered by you everyday?,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,am/is/are + P.P.,1 We built our school 95 years ago. 2They planted many trees last year. 3He didnt take th

20、e photo in 2003. 5Did you finish your homework?,Our school was built 95 years ago.,Many trees were planted last year.,The photo wasnt taken in 2003.,一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,was/were + P.P.,Was your homework finished ?,1We will hold our National Games in Jinan. 2 I will invite my teacher to the party. 3 He wont

21、finish his homework in an hour.,Our National Games will be held in Jinan.,My teacher will be invited to the party.,His homework wont be finished in an hour.,一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,will be + P.P.,1.We must clean the classroom every day. 2.Parents should allow the teenagers to choose their own clothes. 3. Uncle W

22、ang cant mend his bike .,The classroom must be cleaned everyday.,The teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.,His bike cant be mended by uncle wang.,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：,can/may/must/should be +P.P.,am/is/are + P.P.,was/were + P.P.,will be + P.P.,can/may/must/should be +P.P.,中考?？嫉谋粍?dòng)語態(tài),be + P.P

23、.,have/has been + P.P.,Exercises 1 .More and more foreigners speak Chinese in the world today. (08 重慶) Chinese _ _ by more and more foreigners in the world now. 2 Dangerous driving causes many accidents, (08 臨沂) Many accidents _ _ _ many dangerous driving. 3 The twins ate up all the bananas on the p

24、late. (08 西寧) All the bananas _ _ up by the twins. 4 Teachers can use cartoons to give examples in lessons about AIDS. (08 濟(jì)南) Cartoons _ _ _ to give examples in lessons about AIDS.,is spoken,are caused by,were eaten,can be used,幾種特殊的被動(dòng)語態(tài),She takes good care of the baby. You should speak to the old

25、politely. He turned down the radio just now.,The baby is taken good care.,The old should be spoken to politely .,The radio was turned down just now.,of,1.若主動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞是由不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的及物動(dòng)詞短語，應(yīng)將其看成一個(gè)整體結(jié)構(gòu)，在變被動(dòng)時(shí)，不可去掉后面的介詞或副詞。,I often see him come into the room The boss made the workers work all day. We he

26、ard him sing this song in the room.,He is often seen to come into the room.,The workers were made to work all day.,He was heard to sing this song in the room.,2.在主動(dòng)句中,使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞make, see, hear, watch, notice等詞后跟省略to的不定式，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須還原to.,We saw him playing in the street.,He was seen playing in the stree

27、t.,My father gave me a bike as a birthday present. A bike _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. I _ _ a bike as a birthday present. She bought me a pen yesterday. I _ _ _ _ yesterday. A pen_ _ _ _yesterday.,was given to me,was given,was bought a pen,was bought for me,3.含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句時(shí)，應(yīng)將其中一個(gè)賓語改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，而另一

28、個(gè)賓語保留仍作賓語。將物(sth.)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語時(shí)，要在保留賓語前加介詞to或for.,常見的雙賓語動(dòng)詞如 give, offer, pass, show, lend, send, bring, return, tell等用介詞to; buy, make(制作), mend, cook, sing, get等用for.,8 My uncle sent me a Christmas present last year. (06 重慶) A Christmas present _ _ _ me by my uncle last year. 9 The coach makes the play

29、ers play basketball ten hours a day. The players _ _ _ _ basketball ten hours a day by the coach. 10 She heard the girls talk with each other noisily. The girls _ _ _ talk with each other noisily.,was sent to,are made to play,were heard to,16）After planting the trees, you should water them often.（05

30、濟(jì)南） The trees _ _ _ often after they_ 17）Roy passed the ball to Bill and Bill threw it to Jim.(06濟(jì)南) The ball _ first _ to Bill and then _ _ to Jim.,should be watered,are planted,was passed,was thrown,挑戰(zhàn)自我,濟(jì)南市有時(shí)會(huì)考復(fù)合句同時(shí)變被動(dòng),1 The children must be taken good care. 2 Can this bike mended？ 3That pencil w

31、as given me by him yesterday。 4 This book was wrote by Lu Xun。 5He is often seen play football outside. 6The kite was made to him by her.,of,given to me,written,to play,for,be mended,火眼金睛,1The old man is ill. He must _to the hospital. Call 120 at once. (send ) 2The book _by Lu Xun in 1920. ( write)

32、3 All the machines _out yesterday. (sell) 4 The hospital _next year. (build) 5This kind of book cant_out of the library.(take) 6He _to play computer games last night.(allow) 7The boy _often_ not to go to the net bar.(tell) 8He _ to the party last Sunday, but he didnt go there. (ask),be sent,was writ

33、ten,were sold,will be built,be taken,was allowed,is told,was asked,你會(huì)填空嗎？,1判斷用主動(dòng) 還是被動(dòng)？,2A物做賓語 B缺失賓語 Cby短語,3 根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞 確定時(shí)態(tài),4.某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)含義 A. read, sell, wash, write等動(dòng)詞,用來說明主語的性質(zhì)特征而不強(qiáng)調(diào)被執(zhí)行者的動(dòng)作時(shí),用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,且常與not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副詞連用。如: The door doesnt open easily. Bikes of that k

34、ind hardly sell. The book sells well. The cloth washes easily,B. need, want, require等動(dòng)詞以及形容詞worth后面,常跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式,用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。 表示sth需要被做 be worth doing need doing want doing require doing This dictionary is well worth buying. C. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容詞后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式,用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義,并且該不定式與句子的主語須具備邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)

35、系。如: The box is heavy to carry.,3.被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的情況： Be seated , please. She is dressed in a red skirt. He was lost in the thick forest. We are prepared to accept his invitation.,D.不定式作定語,其邏輯主語是句子的主語、間接賓語或說話人時(shí),用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如: She has an old grandfather to look after,歷屆中考試題小試身手,1 What a nice garden!

36、-It _ every day. A is cleaning B has cleaned C must clean D is cleaned 2 The girl _ at the party last night. A heard to sing B was heard to sing C heard sing D was heard sing 3 The computers _ to the village school as presents last month. A are given B given C were given D gave 4 It is reported that

37、 the Underground Line No. 3 _ in Nanjing in 2010 . A will build B has built C will be built D has been built,5 The accident _on the morning of Christmas Day. A happened B was happened C was happening D is happened 6 The letter is _ in French. I cant read it. A writing B written C wrote D writes 7Whe

38、n _this kind of computer_? -Last year. A did, use B was, used C is, used D are, used 8Li Feng has got a bike. He _ it for nearly two years. It _ in Tian Jin. A bought, made B has had, was made C borrow , was made D has sold , is made,happen, take place 不及物，沒有被動(dòng),9Lily was made_in the room the whole a

39、fternoon. A study B to study C studies D studying 10 Can you tell me whom the play _ in 1998? A was written by B was written C is written by D is written 11Thousands of trees over the mountains _ by the farmers last year. A planted B was planted C were planted D will plant 12 Our teacher often says

40、the old should _. A be spoken politely B be spoken to politely C be spoken polite D be spoken to polite,13The medicine_ in a dry and cool place A keep B must keep C must be kept D must be keep 14This dictionary mustnt_ from the library A take away B taken away C are taken away D be taken away 15No o

41、ne knows how the huge rocks_ and _ without our modern machines eight hundred years ago A are cut；moved B were cut；move C are cut；moving D were cut；moved 16Many boys and girls are made_ what theyre not _ A to do；interested B to do；interested in C do；interested in D doing；interested,17 Look at the sig

42、n on the right. Oh, parking _here. A doesnt allow B isnt allowed C didnt allow D wasnt allowed 18 Did you go to Sams weekend party? No, I _. A am not invited B wasnt invited C havent invited D didnt invited 19 The telephone_by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. A was invented B has been invented C is in

43、vented D will be invented 20 Last year, Li Hua ,a college student, _ to work for the Olympic Games. A is choosing B is chosen C was choosing D was chosen,21The dress _ smooth and soft. A felt B feels C is felt D is feeling 22When you leave the room, make sure the door _. A was locked B is locked C w

44、ill be locked D should be locked 23I want to be a Chinese teacher when I grow up. Thats great. Chinese teachers _ in China and some foreign countries. A need B are needing C are needed D will need 24 More and more people have realized we wont have cleaner water to drink unless something _soon. A was

45、 done B will be done C to be done D is done,feel, look, sound, taste, smell 等系動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)。,25 English _ in many countries, but Chinese_ their own language. A is spoken, speaks B speaks, is spoken C is spoken, is spoken D is spoken, speak 26The skirt looks different from others and it is nice. Thanks. It _ by my mother last month. A made B is made C has been made D was made 27The children _ to swim las