高中英語句子成分基本句型 公開課ppt課件.ppt

1、句 子 成 分及句型 Members and Structures of a Sentence,1,句子分類,簡單句,復(fù)合句,并列復(fù)合句,主從復(fù)合句,有兩個或兩個以上的簡單句用連詞連接而成。 如：and, but, or, so等,定語從句,狀語從句,名詞性從句,由一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）組成的句子.eg:,Tom and Mike are American boys.,She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspaper.,由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。,2,英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種

2、 基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。,掌握這五種基本句型, 是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。,一: (主謂) 二: (主系表) 三: (主謂賓) 四: (主謂間賓直賓) 五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)),3,*句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng),英語的基本成分有七種： _ _ _ 和_,主語(subject)、,謂語(predicate)、,表語(predicative)、,賓語(object)、,定語(attribute)、,狀語(adverbial),補(bǔ)語(complement),4,主語subject,Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hu

3、rry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true.,主語: 可以作主語的成分有名詞, 主格代詞,動詞不定式, 動名詞等等。主語一般在句首。,名詞,主格代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式,動名詞,the + 形容詞,句子,5,The students got on the school bus. 2.His job is to train swimmers. 3.We often sp

4、eak English in class. 4.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 5.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,(一) 挑出下列句中的主語,6,謂語predicate,謂語: 簡單謂語由動詞或動詞詞組 構(gòu)成, 是完整的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。一般在 主語之后。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 復(fù)合謂語 由情態(tài)動詞或助動詞+動詞; He can s

5、peak English well. She has finished the homework.,7,.,2. He managed to finish the work in time 3.I have been learning English for 1o years. 4.He should tell me the truth . 5.My brother doesnt like study. 6.I shall answer your question after class.,(二) 挑出下列句中謂語,8,I like my job. I love you.,He wanted

6、to leave here. They enjoyed playing computer games. He asked where he was.,（三）賓語object,賓語：動作的接受者，一般在謂 語后面.由名詞,代詞,介詞短語,非謂語及從句充當(dāng)。,9,賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語. 直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人. He gave me some books., 間接 賓語, 直接 賓語,Please pass me the book. He bought me some flowers.,10,(三) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework

7、. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,11,(四)賓語補(bǔ)足語object complement,賓語補(bǔ)足語: 位于賓語之后對賓語作出說明的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you h

8、ear Tom singing? He made himself understood. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret.,形容詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,動詞不定 式,介詞短語,副詞,名詞,12,(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to

9、take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.,13,（五）定語 (Attributive):,定語的作用？ 用于修飾、限定名詞或代詞。 定語一般由？ 充當(dāng)。 girl 定語還可以由名詞充當(dāng)，表用途。 a pencil box,形容詞,beautiful,a,14,定語 (Attributive):,定語也可以由從句或非謂語動詞充當(dāng)。 Those who want to learn Engl

10、ish well should study harder than others. an interesting book a meeting to attend 定語也可以由介詞（詞組）充當(dāng)。 The books on the shelf,15,(五) 挑出下列句中的定語 1. What is your given name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. 3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. I am waiting for the sound of the

11、other shoe!,16,（六）狀語adverbial,用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動詞,介詞短語或句子.可表示時間,地點(diǎn),原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that he missed the train. His parents died,leaving him an orphan.,17,(六) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Ev

12、ery night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.,18,They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. The apple tastes good.,（七）表語predicative,19,（七）表語

13、,在系動詞后的部分就是表語 常見的系動詞有: be動詞 (am, is, are) 感官系動詞 feel, smell, sound, taste, look 變化系動詞 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come 狀態(tài)系動詞 seem, keep, remain, stay, appear.,20,(七) 挑出下列句中的表語 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subje

14、ct.,21,八、同位語 appositive,同位語 當(dāng)兩個指同一事物的句子成分放在 同等位置時, 一個句子成分用來說明和解釋 另一個句子成分, 這個句子成分就叫做它的 同位語。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位語, 都指同一批“學(xué)生”) We all are students. (all是we的同位語, 都指同樣的“我們”),22,牛刀小試,23,a. b. c. d. e. ,1. Pleas tell us a story. _ 2. He noticed a man enter the room. _ 3. I have a

15、 lot work to do. _ 4. His job is to train swimmers. _ 5. She smiled. _ 6. Please look at the picture. _,d,a,e,b,e,c,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,劃分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,31,1.You will tell (your) friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare o