商業(yè)倫理講義.ppt

1、上海交通大學(xué)管理學(xué)院,商業(yè)倫理,主講： 張興福博士,美國大亨欺詐成風(fēng),池北偶詩朱根華畫 環(huán)球時(shí)報(bào)20020722,美國隱患重重，企業(yè)欺詐成風(fēng)。 大亨編造假賬，猶如鬼斧神工。 或是虛報(bào)收入，或是隱瞞虧空。 前有環(huán)球安然，后有默克世通 一個(gè)接著一個(gè)，丑聞層出不窮。股票變成廢紙，引起一片惶恐。害苦眾多股民，愁煞白宮諸公。此風(fēng)遏制不易，前途未卜吉兇。難弄，難弄！,商業(yè)倫理課程大綱,商業(yè)倫理引言 高峰體驗(yàn)、佛家生命觀（形而上學(xué)部分） 商業(yè)倫理基本理論（哲學(xué)部分） 現(xiàn)代功利論：第五項(xiàng)修煉 現(xiàn)實(shí)中的倫理議題（實(shí)務(wù)部分，見下頁）,現(xiàn)實(shí)中的倫理議題,公司與員工 公司與客戶 公司與股東 公司與供應(yīng)商 公司與競爭對(duì)

2、手 公司與政府 公司與社區(qū)、社會(huì) 公司與自然環(huán)境保護(hù) 跨國公司與全球倫理 從企業(yè)文化到倫理型公司,Fortune 500強(qiáng)，90%的公司有成文的倫理守則； 60%以上的美國大企業(yè)和50%的歐洲大企業(yè)設(shè)有企業(yè)倫理機(jī)構(gòu)； 美國制造業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)前1000家企業(yè)中，20%聘有倫理主管； 90年代中期，40%左右的美國企業(yè)進(jìn)行了倫理培訓(xùn)。,1987年，John Shad捐款2000萬美元給哈佛商學(xué)院，倡議開設(shè)“決策與倫理價(jià)值”課程，HBS從1988年起開設(shè)； 截止1993年，美國90%的商學(xué)院開設(shè)了企業(yè)倫理方面的課程； 80年代以來，企業(yè)倫理學(xué)方面的研究機(jī)構(gòu)、出版物在美國、加拿大、歐洲、南美、中東、日本、

3、韓國紛紛問世。,在美國，企業(yè)如果違反了消費(fèi)者的利益，究竟要付多少罰款？,根據(jù)美國裁判委員會(huì)的資料，罰款的多寡由一組因素決定。這組因素包括： 企業(yè)是初犯還是前科累累？ 是否曾向有關(guān)方面舉報(bào)罪行？ 是否愿意承擔(dān)責(zé)任？ 是否與有關(guān)方面合作？ 是否有有效措施防止或監(jiān)察不法行為？,違反消費(fèi)者利益罰款數(shù)目（單位：萬美元）,實(shí)例 Acme公司被裁定郵政欺詐罪。控方指出Acme一貫濫收那些損壞了租賃汽車用家的維修費(fèi)用，同時(shí)也收取了一些用戶無需負(fù)責(zé)的維修費(fèi)用。在未被法庭定罪之前，Acme已歸還那些被多收取費(fèi)用的顧客總數(shù)接近4000萬美元的巨款。 法官引用了“1991年聯(lián)邦裁決指引”作為裁判的基礎(chǔ)，下令A(yù)cme繳

4、交685萬美元，約為顧客損失總數(shù)的一半。,上海交通大學(xué)管理學(xué)院,商業(yè)倫理引言,主講： 張興福博士,Learning Objectives,What is “business ethics?” Why do so many people think “business ethics” is an oxymoron? (Why are people cynical and what can we do about it?) Is business ethics a fad or an afterthought? Can business ethics be taught?,What is Ethi

5、cs ?,Ethics can be understood as sets of formal and informal standards of conduct that people use to guide their behavior. These standards are based in part on principles derived from core values such as honesty, respect and trust. Ethics Resource Center,So. . .What is Business Ethics ?,The principl

6、es, norms and standards of conduct governing an individual or a group.,Trevino Withholding needed information; Abusive or intimidating behavior toward employees; Mis-reporting actual time or hours worked; and Discrimination.,The Good News:Survey of Workplace Ethics,found that employee perceptions an

7、d key ethics outcomes are more positive when: Organizations have ethics programs in place, Employees see ethical values like honesty, respect and trust applied frequently at work, and Organizational leaders and supervisors are seen as modeling ethical behavior. 2000 National Business Ethics Survey,I

8、s Business Ethics a Fad or an Afterthought? Results from Attention to business ethics !,Substantially improved society Helps maintain a moral course in turbulent times Cultivates strong teamwork & productivity Support employee growth and meaning Helps ensure that policies are legal.,Complete Guide t

9、o Ethics Management: Ethics Toolkit for Managers /library/ethics/ethxgde.htm#anchor33077,Is Business Ethics a Fad or an Afterthought? Results from Attention to business ethics !,Helps avoid criminal acts “of omission” & can lower fines Helps manage values associated with quality m

10、anagement, strategic planning and diversity management Promotes a strong public image Cumulative Benefits the “bottom line”,Complete Guide to Ethics Management: Ethics Toolkit for Managers /library/ethics/ethxgde.htm#anchor33077,Can Business Ethics Be Taught in College Programs?,F

11、elix Rohatyn - “No, not past the age of 10” Lester Thurow - “Not unless students have already learned ethics from families, clergy, previous school or employers”,Should Employees Know the Difference between Right & Wrong?,“Bad Apples” Individuals of good character should be able to choose well witho

12、ut special training.,“Bad Barrels” Good character doesnt prepare individuals to deal with very special ethical problems unique to their particular occupation or organization.,Factors that Affect Individual Ethical Decision-Making Behavior,Ethical Dilemma,Stages of Moral Development AWARENESS,MORAL J

13、UDGMENT,Individual Characteristics,Cognitive Bias,Structural Characteristics of Organization,Organizational Culture,Ethical/ Unethical Behavior,Issue Intensity,Ethics vs. Law,Law reflects societys MINIMUM norms and standards of business conduct. There is a great deal of OVERLAP between whats legal &

14、 whats ethical.,Law-abiding behavior is generally believed to also be ethical. There are many particular situations not covered strictly by law that fall under the umbrella of “ethical dilemmas.”,ETHICS,LAW,Legal Liability and Ethics: Due Diligence and Effective Compliance,Establish compliance stand

15、ards reasonably capable of preventing criminal misconduct. Assign specific high-level individuals to oversee compliance standards.,Take care in delegating discretionary authority involving sensitive responsibilities Communicate standards including retribution free reporting.,Consistently enforce wri

16、tten standards through disciplinary mechanism (including failure to detect). After detecting offense, act to respond & prevent repeat.,TWO OPPOSING VIEWS,Managers are professionals They dont own the business Employees are responsible only to shareholders Must operate in best interests of shareholder

17、s Interests = FINANCIAL RETURN,Corporations are chartered by states Corporations are not independent entities Responsibility to larger society that endorses their creation Companys first priority = SURVIVAL,CLASSICAL/ECONOMIC,SOCIO- ECONOMIC,A “Stake”,A “Claim”: A right to something A demand for som

18、ething due or perceived to be due.,Stakeholders Include,Employees Mangers Owners (Shareholders),Customers Suppliers Community, Internal , External ,What is Corporate Responsibility ?,Philanthropic & Social Ethical Legal Economic,CON . . . Ethics & Corporate Responsibility,Violates Profits Maximization,Lack of Skills,Dilution of Purpose,Lack of Accountabili