大學英語四級考試作文輔導講座講稿.ppt

1、大學英語四級考試作文 輔導講稿,Collin Wang,一大學英語四級考試作文評分標準,四級作文采用總體評分(globalscoring)方法，閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分(rewardscores)，而不是按語言點的錯誤數(shù)目扣分。我們要從內(nèi)容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。內(nèi)容和語言是一個統(tǒng)一體。作文應表達題目所規(guī)定的內(nèi)容，而內(nèi)容要通過語言來表達，要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而合適地表達思想，也就要考慮語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。,一大學英語四級考試作文評分標準,這里我將對是否用英語充分表達思想解釋一下，也許大家看到hotdoor的時候可能會想到熱門，

2、因為我們使用了back-translation,我們在用中文的思維方式替學生考慮，來猜測他想要表達什么意思，但是在改試卷當中，這是絕對不允許的，我們必須嚴格按照英語的思維來考慮，如果語言的錯誤導致了我們不能夠使用英語的思維來理解，那么分數(shù)就高不上去了。,一大學英語四級考試作文評分標準,四級寫作所占分值為15%，（按百分制算）閱卷的標準分為五個等級：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。（按新的方法710分算）.作文分數(shù)還是占總分的15%，也就是106.5分，在這部分你要達到63.9分為及格。答題時間為30分鐘。批改時有標準樣卷，老師參照樣卷對大家的作文進行評分，首先你和哪個檔次的樣卷接近，則上下浮

3、動。,一大學英語四六級考試作文評分標準,2分標準：條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子都有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴重錯誤。 5分標準：基本切題，表達思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多的嚴重語言錯誤。 8分標準：基本切題，有些地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫，語言錯誤相當多，其中有一些是嚴重錯誤。,一大學英語四六級考試作文評分標準,11分標準:切題，表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。 14分標準：切題，表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。,一大學英語四六級考試作文評分標準,字數(shù)要求: 四級寫作在2002年6月以后要求不少于120詞。字數(shù)不足會酌情扣分. 高分作文

4、特點: 1.內(nèi)容切題 文章要結構完整、內(nèi)容充實（包含提綱、圖表、圖畫和題目要求的所有信息）、主題突出、上下文內(nèi)容統(tǒng)一。,2.表達清楚 文章要具有清晰的層次和充分有力的論證。中西方文化差異造成漢語和英語的思維方式和文字表述方式截然不同；漢語多習慣概括描述。而英語更注重事實論證。所以，寫英語作文不要過多地進行心理、環(huán)境描寫，而是要用理由和實例來說明問題和論證觀點。,3.文字連貫 語言表達要流暢，能使用恰當?shù)倪B接詞，使前后語句邏輯清晰、意思連貫，不互相矛盾，不東拉西扯。 4.句式多變 為避免文章平淡、呆板，可使用不同的句式，如強調(diào)句、倒裝句、否定句等。長短句要合理相間，用短句表達有力的結論，用長句體

5、現(xiàn)嚴密的邏輯。,5.語言規(guī)范 用詞要準確，并能表現(xiàn)出足夠大的詞匯量。所用語 言符合英語的表達習慣；不出現(xiàn)有語法錯誤的句子和不合理的斷 句；正確使用平行結構。 寫作注意事項: 1.遵循要求 4.文體統(tǒng)一 2.卷面整潔 5.內(nèi)容一致 3.字數(shù)達標 6.檢查到位,二四級作文題型透視,1.?？碱}材 一類是關于大學生的學習、生活及對將來的工作、人生等方面的態(tài)度和看法，如：2007年12月的作文時關于選修課（What Electives to choose). 另一類是貼近社會變化、發(fā)展和進步的熱點話題，往往與日常生活緊密相關，如2006年12月是關于春節(jié)晚會（On the Spring Festival

6、 Gala）.,二四級作文題型透視,2.常考體裁 四級作文常涉及的體裁主要有四類：議論文、說明文、記敘文和應用文。四級寫作著重測試考生用文字評論和說明事物的能力。因此，體裁上比較偏重議論文和說明文，但近些年來，其他兩種體裁，尤其是應用文，也逐漸成為出題的要點。,二四級作文題型透視,寫作類型 1.現(xiàn)象解釋型 2.問題解決型 3.對比選擇型 4.觀點論證型 5.記敘文 6.應用文,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,以下是四六級短文寫作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式，每組句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的12個，做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫或套用。 1表示原因 1）There

7、are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3）The reason for this is obvious4）The reason for this is not far to seek 5）The reason for this is that 6）We have good reason to believe that 例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life Firstly，peoples

8、living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly， most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,2表示好處1）It has the following advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 3）It benefits us quite a

9、lot 4）It is beneficial to us 5）It is of great benefit to us 例如： Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better， and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore， reading extensively is of great benefit to us 3表示壞處 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages 2）It does us much

10、 harm 3）It is harmful to us 例如： However，everything divides into two Television can also be harmful to us It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,4表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for s

11、bto do sth 2）We think it necessary to do sth 3）It plays an important role in our life 例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government， in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home， too We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly

12、 important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,5表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）wi

13、th 例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,6表示變化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communication

14、s 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education 例如： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years The major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays， more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein， and from fruit and vegetable to mi

15、lk for vitamins,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,7表示事實、現(xiàn)狀 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in 5）However，thats not the case 例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it

16、 the problems of pollution To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,8表示比較 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV 3

17、）There is a striking contrast between them 例如： Compared with cars， bicycles have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly， they do not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly， they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least， they contribute to peoples health by giving them

18、 due physical exercise,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,9表示數(shù)量1）It has increased（decreased）fromto 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January 例如： With the improvement of the living standard， the proportion

19、 of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 再如： From the graph listed above， it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000 注：“From the graph listed above，it can be

20、seen that”見句式12?？忌鷮⒕涫?和句式12結合在一起，便可較好地寫出2002年6月CET 4、6短文寫作的第一段。,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth 2）People have different opinions on this problem 3）People take different views of（on）the question 4）Some people believe thatOthers argue that 例如： P

21、eople have different attitudes towards failureSome believe that failure leads to success Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers 再如： Do lucky

22、numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it 注：一個段落有時很適宜以問句開始，考生應掌握這一寫作方法。,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,11表示結論1）In short，it can be said that 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that 例如： From what has been me

23、ntioned above， we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved 注：例句1可用于任何一個段落的結論句；例句3則多用文章結論段的第一句。,三、四級作文使用率最高的12個基本句式,12套語 1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us， 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about 4）From the graph（table，c

24、hart）listed above，it can be seen that 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus The reason for this is obviousNowadays， the society is changing and developing rapidly， and the campus is no lon

25、ger an “ivory towerAs college students， we must get in touch with the world outside the campus Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate 再如： Does it pay to be honest？ This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions

26、 on it,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,A. 開頭 1、There is an interesting and instructive saying which goes like this: _. 2、_ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. 3、Recently, _has been brought to such popular attention that _ (e.g. Recently, the

27、problem of global warming has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the top of the agenda.). 4、One of our ancient philosophers said, _. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality. 5. No one，regardless of race

28、, religion or nationality, would deny that. 或：Everyone would agree that.,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,B 結尾 1. Only in this way/Only when/Only through, will/can we或：It is only if/whenthat we will It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want. 2. As long aswe

29、will be able to/the problem is bound to As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life. 3. With a constant/steady improvement in (或With the gradual worsening of) sth. will With a steady improvement in our legal system,

30、this problem will sure be solved earlier or later. 4. In a word, there is every/little chance/probability/possibility that.in time to come. In one word, there is every chance that this Chinese Tradition will continue to entertain millions of Chinese citizens.,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,C. 中間 1建議和解決方法 1）. A g

31、reat number of solutions are being offered. Some people suggest that _. Others argue that _. 2）. But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _. For instance, _. Worst of all, _. 3）. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,. Secondly,. Finally 4）. I

32、f we let the situation go as it is, . By that time, . 如果讓這種情況繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去，那么到那個時候，。 5） If, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我們怎么怎么做），那將沒有比這令我更高興的了。,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,2.It 結構 1） It is advisable to exercise（擁有）patience in dealing with such complicated situations. 2） It is necessary t

33、hat young and old people should communicate more with each other. 3） It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more enjoyable and beneficial than medicine. 4） It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. 5） It seemed to me that the only thing

34、 that matters is to learn through failure. 6） It pays in the long run （從長遠的角度看）to introduce new technique.,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,3.動名詞或分詞結構 1） Drinking，eating，and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young persons health. 2） The art of communication requires learning the language and culture

35、 of the audience. 4.遞進式結構 1） Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有營養(yǎng)的）；furthermore，they re cheaper than frozen ones. 2） Helping others will not only bring joy into other peoples lives，but also added happiness into our own.,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,5.表示重要性或必要性 1） Its important to set aside time for relaxation，h

36、obbies ，and entertainment as well. 2） A harmonious atmosphere is essential（necessary / critical / indispensable）to achieve success. 3） Global warming can endanger our lives so much that we are obliged to make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a lasting solution to it. 6.表示目的 1） The

37、purpose of a test is to show what you have leaned about a subject. 2） The intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word. 3） Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and business.,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,7.表示結果 1

38、） Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of health. 2） If you try to learn too many things at a time，you may get confused. 3） By consistent hard work we will be able to achieved our objectives （目標）. 8.表示對比和比較 1） Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and

39、contentment. 2） Work is more than a necessity for most human beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity. 3） Rather than a punishment or a burden，work is the opportunity to realize ones potential. 4） The more scientists find out，the more questions they are unabl

40、e to answer.,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,9.表示條件或假設的結構 1） Without the distraction of TV，they might sit around together after dinner. 2） As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power. 3） Were it left to me to decide whether we should _, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

41、4） Without a degree and with no vocational experience their chances of getting good jobs are slim. 10.表示舉例 1） Take_for example， 2） An illustration（例證）may make the point clear.,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,11.表示采取措施 1） The government should be taking effective（有效的）measures to overcome current difficulties. 2） A

42、s college students, we are obliged to make every effort to help support the Olympic Games. 3） The school authorities should invest more energy and money in improving working and living conditions for the teachers. 12.表示讓步關系 1） While it may be more convenient to possess a car，it is also expensive and

43、 troublesome at times. 2） Although I do not earn a great deal of money for this job，the pleasure I receive from the work makes it worthwhile.,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,13.表示因果或前提關系 1） Because of(owning to) the pressure（壓力）of examinations， many students are left with little or no free time. 2） Perhaps its be

44、cause few of us know how to accept compliments（贊揚）gracefully. 3） That is why housework is considered as such a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。 4） The reason for this is that,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,14.表示存在的問題 1）One of the greatest problems facing the 21st century will be what to do with all the rubbish produced in

45、the world. 2） To travel abroad is a desire shared by many people，but few can afford to do it. 3） Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities. 4） Many people find it harder and harder to keep up with the radical changes that characterize our time. 5） At first thought

46、， the problem seems far too involved （復雜），but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with .,四、大學英語四級考試作文常用句型:,15 There be結構 1） There are other techniques that might help you with you studying. 2） There is much that we can learn from the Chinese classic works. 3） There is no sense（道理）in leav

47、ing important decisions to inexperienced people.,五、12句作文法,Students Selecting Their Lecturers 各學校開了各種各樣的選修課 學生選課有不同的原因 就我而言 What Electives To Choose With the reform of Chinese higher education, more and more colleges and universities put emphasis on nurturing students abilities. As a result, elective

48、 courses are available not only for excellent academic performers but also for students about the average level. Certainly, students have different reasons to choose their own electives. For some, practical skills are the essence of college education, and therefore, courses on computer science, mark

49、eting, and finance are highly preferred. On the other hand, others may hold the idea of liberal education and electives concerning literature, history, and philosophy are the most welcome. Take me as an example: being a disciple of free education, I stand for the notion that university is not a plac

50、e for survival skills, but a palace of knowledge and critical reasoning. Although my major is chemistry, the electives I attend most frequently are English literature, an introduction to classic music, and different schools of western painting. They really widen my horizon.,五、12句作文法,(1)Nowadays,many

51、 universities are opening various electives for the students to choose, which has aroused great concern. (2)Optional courses provide a good chance for the students to make better use of their spare time. (3)In addition, they are a beneficial supplement to the limited required courses. (4)There are m

52、any different factors deciding what electives the students choose.,五、12句作文法,(5)Among all these factors, the interests of the student plays a very important role. (6)The students, of course, would like to learn what he is interested in. (7)Moreover, many students will consider whether they could lear

53、n some practical skill through the electives, because nowadays companies are placing emphasis on a candidates practical skills. (8)Besides, the ability and prestige of the teacher who teaches the elective will also influence one students choice. (9)Therefore, it is no wonder that different students

54、may choose different optional courses.,五、12句作文法,(10)As to me, I choose history as one of my electives because not only can it enrich my knowledge but also it is one of my favorite subjects since I was a child. (11)Besides,By learning this course, I feel the happiness of combining study and recreatio

55、n.(12)In a word, different electives have its different topics, so we should choose the electives suitable to us according to our needs.,六 12句作文法（范文點評）,審題】本文是一篇現(xiàn)象評述類作文。提綱所給框架十分清晰：開篇引出該現(xiàn)象，并簡單評論；第二段陳述選擇老師時所考慮的因素（兩到三點即可），注意條理清楚；最后一段指出該做法的好處以及可能的問題，注意內(nèi)容和語言的概括性（好處和問題分別闡述一至兩點即可）。,現(xiàn)象解釋型寫作模板,Topic sentence

56、1.has become a common part of peoples life. 2.Andhas always aroused the greatest concern. 3.what impresses us most is . 4.The reasonsare varied.,現(xiàn)象解釋型寫作模板,5. Among the various reasons,plays an important role. 6.That is to say, 7.What is more, 8.For example, 9When talking about， 10On the one hand 11O

57、n the other hand, 12In brief,現(xiàn)象解釋型寫作模板,信息提示 1.空格內(nèi)用概括性的詞語填出最近出現(xiàn)的 總體現(xiàn)象。2.空格內(nèi)填題目要去討論的具 體現(xiàn)象。3.現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)。4.過度句， 填現(xiàn)象或現(xiàn)象帶來的后果，為下文分析產(chǎn) 生的原因做鋪墊。,現(xiàn)象解釋型寫作模板,5.原因之一。6.具體說明原因一。 7.原因二。 8. 舉例說明原因二 9.空格一填作者要討論的現(xiàn)象，空格 二填作者的看法。 10.支持看法的理由一或說明看法的第一 個方面。 11.理由二或第二個方面。 12.總結。,2003年9月真題,Reading regularly has long become a co

58、mmon part of peoples life. And reading preference has always aroused the greatest concern. What impresses us most is according to the table, the percentage of book circulation in an American university library, which shows that the circulation of popular fictions, general nonfictions, science/techno

59、logy/education books and art/ literature/poetry books accounts for 65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and 5.1% respectively. The reasons for the phenomenon are varied.,Among the various reasons, the appealing content of the popular fictions plays an important part. That is to say, thanks to its appealing plot, popular fictions attract more people than other types of books do. What is more, science and art b