初中英語閱讀理解題的解題技巧 (共35張PPT).ppt

1、初中英語閱讀理解題的解題技巧,考點(diǎn)分析歸納：,主旨大意 細(xì)節(jié)理解 猜測詞義 推理判斷,一 主旨大意題,考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。,提問方式： 1）問標(biāo)題 What is the main topic of the passage？ The best title for the passage is _.,2）問中心 The first paragraph is mainly about the _ The passage is mostly about_,3） 問目的；態(tài)度 The author wants to tell _ The purpose of this art

2、icle is to _,容易選錯(cuò)的干擾項(xiàng):,以偏概全 夸大主題 把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者,解題策略,找主題句。主題句是歸納文章中心的句子，它的出現(xiàn)有三種情況：,主題句在文章開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。 新聞報(bào)道、說明文、議論文常用此方式。如： 09年武漢中考閱讀A篇,1. 在開頭,Good morning. The program today is about music. The word “music” comes from the Greek word “muse”. The Muses are the goddesses of the arts. Music is only one of

3、 the arts. It is like the spoken language, but is uses sounds. Todays program brings together music from different corners of the world. Who invented music？ Who sang the first song？ No one knows exactly the answers to these questions. But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyone

4、s life.,文章開頭就說明今天的節(jié)目是關(guān)于音樂的，其后的句子都是圍繞介紹音樂的。,Babies and young children love to hear people singing to them. When they are a little older, they like to sing the songs they have heard. When children go to school, their world of music grows. In the middle grades students take music lessons. When they rea

5、ch high school, they become interested in listening to pop music. 從音樂的起源，形式，作用到全世界的受人喜愛音樂，進(jìn)行逐一說明。,如：09年武漢中考閱讀C篇 文章最后一句“In fact, the true love is not built on friendship, loyalty or blood relationship. Instead, it is based on no relationship.真正的愛不以友誼、忠誠抑或是血緣關(guān)系為前提，事實(shí)上，真正的愛，是無條件的博愛?！?就是在前面故事的基礎(chǔ)上的總結(jié)與概括，

6、即文章的主旨。,2. 在結(jié)尾,3. 在中間,通常是文章的開頭提出問題，陳述細(xì)節(jié)，導(dǎo)出主題句，然后再進(jìn)一步用細(xì)節(jié)說明支持主題句。如：,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in th

7、e back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,_,_,_,有些文章或段落無明顯的主題句, 只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題. 這就要求考生在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實(shí) 或提供的線索來概括總結(jié)主旨大意。,二 細(xì)節(jié)理解題,本類試題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(eff

8、ect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常常考查這些細(xì)節(jié)。,提問形式： Which of the following statements is truefalse？ Which of the following is （not） mentioned？ According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) .,解題策略：,1）對(duì)應(yīng)性,2）準(zhǔn)確性,3）區(qū)分性,09年武漢中考閱讀A篇68小題,Which is TRUE according to the passage？ A. The Muses invente

9、d music. B. Music can bring people some feelings. C. Music was from a Greek village. D. Everyone is interested in pop music.,A. The Muses invented music.第二段的開始交待了沒有人確切的知道音樂是被誰發(fā)明的B. Music can bring people some feelings.原文中可以找到對(duì)應(yīng)的句子“But we know that music plays an important part in almost everyones li

10、fe.”C. Music was from a Greek village.這是一個(gè)很容易讓考生發(fā)錯(cuò)誤的題目，文章確實(shí)交待了音樂來自于古希臘語，但是，不是村莊，Village。需要仔細(xì)審題。D. Everyone is interested in pop music.這種一把抓的題目基本上都可以從文章中找到否定的句子，they become interested in listening to pop music.追回到前面的內(nèi)容，我們可以看出THEY指的是Babies and young children，而不是EVERYONE,三 詞義猜測題,單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是

11、考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語境來判斷。,設(shè)題方式： The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _ The word “” most likely means _. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_.,解題策略:,閱讀中碰到生詞時(shí)不要著急，耐心地讀下去，文章會(huì)幫助你猜出生詞詞義。此外，我們也可以通過構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)分析生詞詞義，或通過上下文,同義詞，反義詞，生活常識(shí)等猜測，尤其是本句話以及前后兩句話，給

12、生詞假設(shè)意思，看是否讀的通。還可以聯(lián)想，即回想已知詞匯中是否存在拼寫方法與該生詞類似的詞。,根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義,技巧 1,A calendar is a list of the days ,weeks, months of a particular year.,calendar 日歷,The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.,herdsman 牧人,根據(jù)對(duì)比確定詞義,技巧 2,Our math professor claims that all the problems he gives us are

13、 simple ones，however，we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve,Intricate 復(fù)雜的,技巧 3,根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜詞義,In the ancient city of Rome , we visited every mansion , church, battle site, theatre and other public halls.,mansion 建筑物或場所,根據(jù)反義猜詞,技巧 4,Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister wa

14、s quite sedate.,sedate 安靜的,根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義,技巧 5,All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key.,futile 徒勞的,根據(jù)常識(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜生詞,技巧 6,The old man put on his spectacles and began to read,spectacles 老花鏡,根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義,技巧 7,He has renamed the restaurant “Paradise”.,rename 重新起名，改名,根據(jù)因果關(guān)系

15、猜測詞義,技巧 8,You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.,blame 責(zé)備,四 推理判斷題,推理判斷題著重考查學(xué)生的邏 思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章 的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類 題目難度大，設(shè)計(jì)面廣，如人物 的性格、心理、故事的結(jié)局、寓 意、文章的出處、體裁，作者的 傾向、態(tài)度等。其題目設(shè)計(jì)的方 式一般有：,It can be inferred from the text that _. From the text we know that _. With which of the following does the author agree？ Which of the following might happened later ? The passage is probably taken f