分析靜電組成原理概括其應(yīng)用技術(shù)

1、 分析靜電組成原理概括其應(yīng)用技術(shù)物質(zhì)都是由分子組成，分子是由原子組成，原子中有帶負(fù)電的電子和帶正電荷的質(zhì)子組成。當(dāng)兩個(gè)不同的物體相互接觸時(shí)就會(huì)使得一個(gè)物體失去一些電荷如電子轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)物體使其帶正電，而另一個(gè)體得到一些剩余電子的物體而帶負(fù)電。若在分離的過(guò)程中電荷難以中和，電荷就會(huì)積累使物體帶上靜電。所以在很多運(yùn)動(dòng)的物體在與其它物體接觸與分離的過(guò)程（如摩擦）就會(huì)帶上靜電。固體、液體和氣體多會(huì)帶上靜電。如在干燥的季節(jié)人體就很容易帶上很高的靜電而遭受靜電電擊。Matter consists of molecules, and molecules are made of atoms, and atom

2、s are negatively charged electrons and positively charged protons. When two different object contact with each other will make one lose some charge such as electron transfer to another object so that it is positively charged, while the other individuals get some surplus electronic objects and negati

3、vely charged. If in the process of separation of charge neutralization, charge will accumulate the object with static electricity. So in a lot of movement of objects in contact with other objects and separating process (e.g., friction) will take electrostatic. Solid, liquid and gas would bring stati

4、c electricity. Such as in dry season human it is easy to bring high electrostatic electrostatic shocks. 二、靜電的應(yīng)用技術(shù)Second, the application of electrostatic technology 利用靜電感應(yīng)、高壓靜電場(chǎng)的氣體放電等效應(yīng)和原理，實(shí)現(xiàn)多種加工工藝和加工設(shè)備。在電力、機(jī)械、輕工、紡織、航空航天以及高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。Using electrostatic induction and gas discharge of high-voltage e

5、lectrostatic field effect and principle, implement a variety of processing technology and processing equipment. In electric power, machinery, light industry, textile, aerospace and high technology has been widely used. （一）靜電除塵(a) electrostatic dust removal 靜電除塵是利用靜電場(chǎng)的作用,使氣體中懸浮的塵粒帶電而被吸附，并將塵粒從煙氣中分離出來(lái)而

6、將其去除。這是靜電應(yīng)用的主要方面，可用于各種工廠的煙氣除塵。Electrostatic precipitation is the use of electrostatic field effect, make the gas dust particles suspended in charged by adsorption, and dust particles separated from the flue gas to remove it. This is the main aspect, electrostatic application can be used for various

7、plant flue gas dust removal. （二）靜電噴涂(2) the electrostatic spraying 靜電噴漆是在高壓靜電場(chǎng)作用下，使從噴槍噴出來(lái)的漆霧帶上電荷，這種帶電的漆霧，向帶異號(hào)電荷的工件表面吸附，沉積成均勻的涂膜。靜電噴涂的漆液利用率甚高，可達(dá)8090。主要用于汽車、機(jī)械、家用電器等行業(yè)。Electrostatic painting is under the effect of high-voltage electrostatic field, made out of spray gun to spray paint mist take charge

8、and the charged paint mist, to the surface of workpiece with opposite sign charge adsorption, deposition into uniform coating. Electrostatic spraying the lacquer liquid utilization rate is very high, up to 80 90%. Mainly used in automobiles, machinery, household appliances and other industries. （三）靜

9、電噴灑(3) the electrostatic spraying 噴灑農(nóng)藥的靜電噴霧機(jī)和靜電噴粉機(jī)均裝設(shè)靜電噴頭,利用數(shù)百到數(shù)千伏的高壓直流電源通電到噴頭,使藥液或藥粉顆粒帶電，而釀酒設(shè)備防治目標(biāo)則由靜電感應(yīng)而引發(fā)出相反極性的電荷，從而使藥液或藥粉顆粒在靜電場(chǎng)作用下奔向防治目標(biāo)。利用靜電作用能顯著提高命中率，減少藥劑損失和對(duì)環(huán)境的污染，并可將藥劑噴灑到目標(biāo)的背面以增強(qiáng)防治效果。Spraying pesticide sprayer electrostatic powder electrostatic spray machine all installations, electronically

10、 controlled fuel injection system USES hundreds to a few kv high voltage direct current power supply electricity to the nozzle, make solution or powder particles charged, while the control goal of opposite polarity charge caused by the electrostatic induction, so that the liquid or powder particles

11、under the action of electrostatic field towards the prevention and control of the target. Using electrostatic interactions could significantly improve the hit ratio, reduce drug loss and pollution to the environment, and agent can be sprayed to the back of the goal to enhance control effect. （四）靜電紡紗

12、(4) electrostatic spinning 在紡紗過(guò)程中利用靜電場(chǎng)對(duì)纖維的作用力，使纖維得到伸直、排列和凝聚，并在泰安鍋爐自由端須條加拈時(shí)起到平衡的作用，使紡紗能連續(xù)進(jìn)行。是屬于自由端紡紗范疇的一種新型紡紗技術(shù)。In spinning process by electrostatic field force of the fibers, the fibers are stretched out, arranging and cohesion, and on the free end of the article should add came when play the role o

13、f balance, make the yarn can be continuous. Belongs to the category of free end spinning a new spinning technology. （五）靜電植絨(5) electrostatic flocking 利用靜電場(chǎng)作用力使絨毛極化并沿電場(chǎng)方向排列，同時(shí)被吸著在涂有粘合劑的基底上成為絨毛制品。其裝置由兩個(gè)平行板電極構(gòu)成。其中下電極接地，并在其上放置基底材料和短纖維；上電極板施加高壓直流電，兩電極間形成強(qiáng)電場(chǎng)。Using fluffy polarization along the direction o

14、f electric field and electrostatic field force arrangement, at the same time be absorbed on the substrate coated with adhesive become down products. The device consists of two parallel plate electrodes. The grounding electrode, and placed on its base material and short fiber; On plate applying high

15、voltage direct current (dc) electricity, strong electric field is formed between two electrodes. （六）靜電復(fù)印(6) electrostatic photocopying 利用光電導(dǎo)敏感材料在曝光時(shí)按影像發(fā)生電荷轉(zhuǎn)移而存留靜電潛影，經(jīng)一定的干法顯影、影像轉(zhuǎn)印和定影而得到復(fù)制件。所用材料為非銀感光材料。靜電復(fù)印有直接法和間接法兩種。前者將原稿的圖像直接復(fù)印在涂敷氧化鋅的感光紙上,又稱涂層紙復(fù)印機(jī);后者將原稿圖像先變?yōu)楦泄怏w上的靜電潛像，然后再轉(zhuǎn)印到普通紙上，故又稱普通紙復(fù)印機(jī)。Using photo

16、conductive sensitive materials during exposure, according to the charge transfer and saved the electrostatic latent image, image by a dry process enhancement, image transfer and fixing copies. Materials used for the silver photographic materials. Xerox has two kinds of direct method and indirect met

17、hod. The former will original image directly copy paper on coated zinc oxide, also known as coated paper copiers; Which the original image into photosensitive body the electrostatic latent image on the first, and then transfer to ordinary paper, therefore, also known as plain paper copiers. （七）靜電制版(

18、7) electrostatic plate making 靜電制版是利用靜電復(fù)印原理，使具有光電導(dǎo)性能的紙版成為靜電照相版。與傳統(tǒng)的照相制版相比，靜電制版速度快、工序少、成本低、白酒設(shè)備操作簡(jiǎn)便、節(jié)約白銀。其中光電導(dǎo)紙版是關(guān)鍵，一般采用成本低、制作易、毒性小的氧化鋅紙版，它由氧化鋅微粉體分散在絕緣樹脂中，并和其他一些物質(zhì)涂布在紙基上制成。Electrostatic plate making is to use the principle of electrostatic printing, electrostatic photocopy made with photoconductive p

19、roperties of print. Compared with the traditional process, the electrostatic process speed and less process, low cost, simple operation, saving of silver. The photoconductive print is the key, generally USES the low cost, easy making, low toxicity of zinc oxide in print, it consists of zno micro pow

20、der dispersed in the resin insulation, and other material coated on the paper base. 三、靜電的危害及防護(hù)Three, electrostatic hazards and protection 所謂有利即有弊，靜電的應(yīng)用技術(shù)在生活的各個(gè)方面都給我們帶來(lái)了極大的便利，但在某些方面也會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些危害。在石油、化工、航空航天、火炸藥、造紙、印刷、塑料橡膠等都存在靜電問(wèn)題。The so-called good or bad, electrostatic application technology in all aspec

21、ts of life has brought us great convenience, but also can produce some harmful in some ways. In petroleum, chemical, aerospace, fire, explosives, papermaking, printing, plastics, rubber, etc are electrostatic problems. （一）靜電對(duì)人體的危害(a) the dangers of static electricity on human body 在干燥的季節(jié)若穿上化纖衣服和絕緣鞋在

22、絕緣的地面行走等活動(dòng)，人體身上的靜電可達(dá)幾千伏甚至幾萬(wàn)伏。若人體靜電超過(guò)23kV,當(dāng)人接觸接地金屬時(shí)則會(huì)產(chǎn)生靜電電擊，若靜電電壓很高，則會(huì)對(duì)人體心理和生理造成一定的影響。If wear chemical fiber clothes in dry season and insulating shoes walk on the ground of the insulation and other activities, the human body static electricity can be up to a few kv or even tens of thousands of volts

23、. If the human body static electricity more than 2-3 kv, when people contacts will produce static electric shock, earthing metal if the electrostatic voltage is very high, it will cause certain influence to human psychological and physiological. 除靜電對(duì)人體電擊外，研究表明，靜電放電產(chǎn)生的電磁場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度很強(qiáng)，這種強(qiáng)電磁場(chǎng)作用時(shí)間短但其強(qiáng)度遠(yuǎn)比手機(jī)輻射的電磁

24、場(chǎng)強(qiáng)，且放電的次數(shù)非常多，其對(duì)人體的作用是不可忽視的。In addition to the static electricity on human body electric shock, research shows that the electrostatic discharge generated by the electromagnetic field strength is very strong, this kind of strong electromagnetic field effect time is short but its strength is far more p

25、owerful than the electric fields that cell phone radiation, and the number of discharge is very much, its role cannot be ignored to human body. 而人體靜電是否與癌癥是否有聯(lián)系，需進(jìn)一步研究。但是人體長(zhǎng)期遭受靜電電擊和這種強(qiáng)電磁輻射的作用對(duì)人體是不利的，所以應(yīng)穿防靜電服與防靜電鞋，以及安裝檢測(cè)防靜電服和防靜電鞋效果的檢測(cè)儀器與設(shè)備，在有條件時(shí)應(yīng)安裝靜電檢測(cè)報(bào)警裝置。The human body electrostatic whether is there

26、 any association with cancer, needs further research. But the human body for a long time subjected to electric shock and the strong electromagnetic radiation to human body is adverse, so should wear antistatic clothing and anti-static shoes, as well as the installation of detection anti-static cloth

27、ing and anti-static shoes testing instruments and equipment, shall be installed in conditional electrostatic detection alarm device. （二）防止靜電危害的措施(2) the measures to prevent electrostatic hazards 1.接地：接地是消除靜電最簡(jiǎn)單最基本的方法，它可以迅速地導(dǎo)走靜電。但要注意帶靜電物體的接地線，必須連接牢固，并有足夠的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度，否則在松斷部位可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生火化。1. The grounding, groundin

28、g is the most simple and most basic method to eliminate static electricity, it can quickly go electrostatic. But must pay attention to the electrostatic grounding line of the object, must connect firmly, and has enough mechanical strength, otherwise in loose parts may produce cremation. 2.靜電中和：絕緣體上的

29、靜電不能用接地的方法來(lái)消除，但可以利用極性相反的電荷來(lái)中和，目前“中和靜電”的方法是采用感應(yīng)式消電器。消電器的作用原理是：當(dāng)消電器的尖端接近帶電體時(shí)，在尖端上能感應(yīng)出極性與帶電體上靜電極性相反的電荷，并在尖端附近形成很強(qiáng)的電場(chǎng)，該電場(chǎng)使空氣電離后，產(chǎn)生正、負(fù)離子在電場(chǎng)作用下，分別向帶電體和消電器的接地尖端移動(dòng)，由此促使靜電中和。2. Electrostatic neutralization: insulators on the way to eliminate static electricity cant use earthing, but can take advantage of the

30、 polarity opposite to neutralize the charge, the nertralizes static method is to use induction electrical appliances. Eliminate electrical principle is: when away appliances tip close to the charged body, can sense the polarity on cutting-edge and electrostatic polarity opposite charge on the charge

31、d body, and form a strong electric field near the tip, the electric field after the air ionization, produce positive and negative ions under the effect of electric field, respectively to the charged body and electrical grounding cutting-edge mobile, prompting electrostatic neutralization. 3.防止人體帶靜電：人在行走、穿、脫衣服或座椅上起立時(shí)，都會(huì)產(chǎn)生靜電，這也是一種危險(xiǎn)的火花源，經(jīng)試驗(yàn)，其能量足以引燃石油類蒸氣。因此，在易燃的環(huán)境中，最好不要穿化纖類衣物，在放有危險(xiǎn)性很大的炸藥、氫氣、乙炔等物質(zhì)的場(chǎng)所，應(yīng)穿用導(dǎo)電纖維制成的防靜電工作服和導(dǎo)電橡膠做成的防靜電鞋。3. To prevent the hu