2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Module1BasketballSectionⅢGrammar-構(gòu)詞法教案含解析外研版選修7

PAGE1-SectionⅢGrammar——構(gòu)詞法語境自主領(lǐng)悟先視察原句后自主感悟①Herexpressionchangedwhensheheardthenews.②Olderpeoplesometimesfindithardtoacceptchanges.③ThisinformationbegantoraisequestionsinhermindaboutJack'sinnocence.④Idon'tthinkit'sfairtoquestionhismotivesjustbecausehedisagreeswithyou.⑤Whenyougothroughaforest，youareindanger.That'sbecausetherearelotsofdangerousanimalsinit.1.句①中的change用作動詞，在句②中用作名詞。2.句③中的question用作名詞，在句④中用作動詞。3.名詞＋后綴-ous構(gòu)成形容詞，表示“……的”。一、詞的轉(zhuǎn)化1．概念：由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類，稱為詞的轉(zhuǎn)化。2．常見的詞類轉(zhuǎn)化形式：(1)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞bookn．書→v.預(yù)訂；預(yù)約dustn．灰塵，塵?！鷙.打掃filmn．電影；影片→v.拍電影；拍攝fishn．魚→v.釣魚mailn．郵件→v.郵寄；發(fā)送seatn．座位→v.使就座，容納shipn．船→v.用船運輸；遣送shouldern．肩膀→v.負(fù)責(zé)任，肩負(fù)，擔(dān)當(dāng)trainn．火車→v.訓(xùn)練，培育watern．水→v.澆水Weshouldshouldertheseresponsibilities.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)擔(dān)負(fù)起這些責(zé)任。(2)動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞dressv．(給……)穿衣服→n.連衣裙dreamv．做夢→n.夢lookv．看；找尋→n.看；神色lovev．愛，喜愛→n.愛；愛人plantv．種植→n.植物；工廠smellv．聞到→n.氣味studyv．學(xué)習(xí)；探討→n.學(xué)習(xí)；探討；書房betv．下賭注→n.打賭；賭注swimv．游泳→n.游泳tryv．嘗試→n.嘗試kickv．踢→n.踢；踢腳workv．工作→n.工作Inthebeginning，Johndidgoodworkatschool.起先時約翰在學(xué)校的成果不錯。[名師點津]由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的名詞常與give，have，make，take等動詞搭配來表示一個動作。giveakick 踢h(yuǎn)aveaswim 游泳makeabet 打賭(3)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞dirtyadj.臟的→v.(使)變臟dryadj.干燥的→v.擦干，(使)變干emptyadj.空的→v.倒空freeadj.自由的→v.釋放narrowadj.狹窄的→v.(使)變窄slowadj.緩慢的→v.(使)減速quietadj.安靜的→vt.使安靜；使安心Theroomgraduallyquieteddown.屋里漸漸靜了下來。(4)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞chemicaladj.化學(xué)的→n.化學(xué)制品，化學(xué)藥品dailyadj.每天的→n.日報finaladj.最終的→n.決賽nativeadj.當(dāng)?shù)氐摹鷑.當(dāng)?shù)厝藂uietadj.安靜的→n.安靜；安靜totaladj.總的→n.總數(shù)rightadj.正確的→n.正確wrongadj.錯誤的→n.錯誤，壞事Hedidn'tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.他不辨是非對錯。(5)其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)化狀況outadv.往外，向外→n.托詞；出路southn．南方→adv.向南，朝南upadv.在上面→n.增長upstairsn．樓上→adv.在樓上Comedowntous，wecan'thearyouupstairs.下來到我們這兒來，你在樓上我們聽不清晰。[即時演練1]寫出下列黑體單詞的詞性和詞義①Heknewtheanswertothequestion. n.答案②Thehallcanseattwothousandpeople. v.容納③Thosewhodowrongshouldbepunished. n.壞事④Washanddryyourhandsbeforeyoueatmeal. v.擦干二、詞的派生1．概念：由一個詞根加上前綴或后綴，構(gòu)成另一個單詞的方法叫派生法。2．常用前綴(1)表示否定意義的前綴常用的有：dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，non-，un-等，在單詞的前面加這類前綴常構(gòu)成與該詞意義相反的新詞。appear出現(xiàn)→disappear消逝correct正確的→incorrect不正確的lead帶領(lǐng)→mislead引入歧途stop停下→non-stop不停(2)表示其他意義的前綴常用的有：a-(多構(gòu)成表語形容詞)，anti-(反對；反抗)，auto-(自動)，co-(共同)，en-(使)，inter-(相互)，re-(再；又)，sub-(下面的；次；小)，tele-(強(qiáng)調(diào)距離)等。alone單獨的antigas防毒氣的Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng)subway地鐵telephone電話auto-chart自動圖表enjoy使興奮reuse再運用，重復(fù)運用cooperate合作[即時演練2]依據(jù)漢語提示，運用所學(xué)前綴學(xué)問寫出正確的單詞①agree→disagree(不同意)②ability→inability(無能；無力)③understand→misunderstand(誤會；誤會)④profit→non-profit(非營利的)⑤social→antisocial(反社會的)⑥depend→interdependent(相互依靠的)⑦set→reset(調(diào)整；重新設(shè)置)⑧danger→endanger(使遭危急)3．常用后綴(1)名詞后綴形式意義舉例-age表狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)shortage(缺乏)-ance/-ence指行為、狀態(tài)performance(演出，表演)-dom指性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)freedom(自由)-ee表某物的承受者employee(雇員)，trainee(實習(xí)生)-er/-or指人的身份worker(工人)，bachelor(單身漢)-ess指人的身份hostess(女主子)-ese表示國籍Chinese(中國人)-hood表身份、性質(zhì)neighborhood(鄰里)，manhood(男子氣概)-ian指人的身份musician(音樂家)-ion/-tion表狀況、狀態(tài)fashion(時髦)，tradition(傳統(tǒng))-ist從事……的人dentist(牙科醫(yī)生)-ment指行為、狀態(tài)amusement(消遣)-ness表狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)kindness(慈愛)-ship表狀態(tài)、技能hardship(苦難)，workmanship(工藝)[即時演練3]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Theladyisoneofthegreatestnovelists(novel)alive.②Thegovernor(govern)washavingameetingwithUSofficialswhenhewasshot.③It'sdifficulttotellthedifference(differ)betweenthetwowords.④Shehopedthathersonwouldbecomeamusician(music)．⑤Theteacherwaspleasedwithherhonesty(honest)．(2)形容詞后綴形式意義舉例-al具有……性質(zhì)的personal(個人的)，regional(地區(qū)的)-en有……性質(zhì)的golden(金色的)，woolen(毛的)-ful充溢……的helpful(有幫助的)，fearful(可怕的)-able/-ible可……的readable(可讀的)，accessible(可接近的)-ive有……作用的productive(生產(chǎn)的)，active(主動主動的)-ly像某種舉止/性格/外貌般的friendly(友好的)，orderly(整齊的)-ous充溢……的dangerous(危急的)，famous(聞名的)-some引起/產(chǎn)生……的troublesome(令人苦惱的)，tiresome(令人厭煩的)(3)動詞后綴-en(使成為、變得)，-fy(使得、變成)，-is(z)e(成為、使)wide→widen加寬，beauty→beautify美化，real→realize意識到，organ→organize組織(4)副詞后綴-ly(以……方式)，-wards(向……方向)direct→directly干脆地，on→onwards向前Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Iftheyarenursed(nurse)properly，therareplantswillflowerinearlyspring.2．Hefooled(fool)alotofpeopleintobelievingthathewasanhoneststatesman.3．I'mtiredout.Ihavebeenshopping(shop)allafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.4．Cyclingishighlybeneficial(benefit)topeople'shealthandtheenvironment.5．LilyseemstoknowalotaboutHongKong，butactually(actual)shehasneverbeenthere.6．Kateisa(n)gifted(gift)singer.Shewonseveralawardsatanearlyage.7．Today，freshfruitfromthesetreesisshipped(ship)fromonecountrytoanother.8．Inthenextyearofyourseniorhighschoollife，youwillface(face)moreandmorechallenges.9．Inspiteofrepeatedwrongsdonetohim，helooksfriendly(friend)topeoplegreetinghim.10．Thegovernmentshouldtakeeffective(effect)measurestostopwaterfrombeingpolluted.Ⅱ.單句改錯(每句僅有1處錯誤)1．Thisgirlisveryhard-working，sosheishopefullytoenterthecollegeinthefuture.hopefully→hopeful2．Itisverydangerforchildrentoplaywithfire.danger→dangerous3．BillGatesisneverafraidofdifficult.difficult→difficulties/difficulty4．Whataboutthissweater?It'swool.wool→woolen5．Tomisacarefulboy.Heoftenmakesmistakesinhishomework.careful→careless6．Wearerecordthegameinwhichhesetanewrecord.第一個record→recording7．Havingbeenstarr