2024-2025學年高中英語課時分層作業(yè)7Unit3ScienceversusnatureSectionⅠⅡ含解析牛津譯林版必修5

PAGE1-課時分層作業(yè)(七)SectionⅠ、Ⅱ(建議用時：35分鐘)[語言學問練習固基礎]單句語法填空1．Sheisthefirstonetounderstand(understand)thatproblem.2．Ontheotherhand，westudentshavetodomassesofhomeworkbothathomeandatschool.3．ManyChinesecollegegraduatesleavetheircountrytogetfurthereducationinAmericawiththeintentionofgettingbetterjobsinthefuture.4．AlotofstudentswastetheirsparetimesurfingtheNet；asaconsequence，theyoftenfailtofinishtheirhomeworkontime.5．TurnofftheTV，soyoucanconcentrateonyourhomework.6．Nowadays，somehotnetworklanguagesareadopted(adopt)insomeofficialmedia，suchasCCTVandPeople'sDaily.7．Ifheimproved(improve)hisITskills，he'deasilygetajob.8．Thechildrenwereanxiousfortheirmothertocome(come)assoonaspossible.9．Exactly(exact)speaking，youaretoblamefortheaccident.10．Nomatterwhathappens，wemustpushaheadwithourplan.[高考題型練習提實力]Ⅰ.閱讀理解Plantcloninghasbeenanagriculturaltechniqueusedbyfarmersandgardenersforcenturies.Grafting(嫁接)isacommonformofplantcloning.Manyplantsinnatureactuallyclonethemselvesandreproduceasexually.Clonedplantsaremuchmorepredictablethannormalplants，sotheiryield(產(chǎn)量)ismorereliable.Clonedplantsalsoreproducefaster，limitingtheamountoftimebetweenplantingandharvesting.Itisalsooftencheapertoproduceseedsthroughcloningthanthroughtraditionalmethods.Plantscanessentiallybeoptimizedsothatfarmersorindividualgrowersalwayshavethebestseedsavailable.Withmoreyieldatafasterrate，farmscanproducemorefoodformorepeoplewhiledecreasingoverallcosts.Cloningcanbeusedtowipeoutdiseasesthatpreviouslykilledoffentirefieldsofcrops.Thiswouldmakeplantsimmune(免疫的)tothekindsofdiseasesthatfarmersandgardenersaroundtheworldfeareachyear.Cropfailuresduetodiseaseandviruscouldbecomeathingofthepast.Also，plantsthatarenearextinctioncanbebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.Throughcloningscientistscandevelop“super”fruitsandvegetablesofsuperiornutritionalquality.Thiscouldmakeforahealthierpopulationoverall.Thisisalreadybeingdonethroughselectivepollination(授粉)，andgeneticcloningcouldtakeittothenextlevel.Byplantcloningwehaveapopulationofidenticalplantsandalltheseplantsequallysufferfromthesamediseases，butinnaturetheweakwoulddieandthestrongwouldsurvive.Whiletherearesomedangerstoconsiderwithplantcloning，thereareplentyofbenefitsthatcouldprovevitaltothepropagation(繁衍)ofthehumanspecies.【語篇解讀】本文主要講了克隆植物的好處：增加農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的質(zhì)量等。1．Theunderlinedword“optimized”inParagraph2canbereplacedby“”．A．enlarged B．producedC．perfected D．examinedC[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)其次段中該詞的下文growersalwayshavethebestseedsavailable“種植者可以有最好的種子運用”可揣測該詞意為“好的或優(yōu)的”。]2．Accordingtothetext，clonedplants．A．haveloweryieldthannormalplantsB．haveashortgrowthcycleC．resistvariouskindsofdiseasesD．needlittlecarefrompeopleB[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段其次句可知，克隆植物繁殖快，從種植到收獲，間隔時間短，也就是生長周期短。]3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Thefruitsproducedbyclonedplantstastemuchbetter.B．Therearemoreclonedplantsthannormalplants.C．Plantcloningcandisturbthelawsofnature.D．Peopleshouldavoideatingclonedfruits.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段可知，克隆植物會造出完全一樣的植物，它們也可能會患上同樣的病。這與自然界中適者生存的法則是相反的。所以說克隆植物可以打破自然法則。]4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A．Towarnthenegativeeffectsofplantcloning.B．Topresentdifferentkindsofplantcloning.C．Topredictthefutureofplantcloning.D．Toinformusabouttheadvantagesofplantcloning.D[寫作意圖題。依據(jù)各段的段首句可知，本文主要講克隆植物的好處：增加農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的質(zhì)量和利于人類的繁衍等。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五AreThesetheBestYearsofYourLife?Theupsanddownsoflifemayseemtohavenopredictableplan.Butscientistsnowknowthereareveryclearlifepatternsthatalmostallpeopleshare.Evenifyouhavepassedsomeofyourbestyears,youstillhaveothergoodyearstocome.1Whenareyousmartest?From18to25,accordingtoI．Q.scores;butyouarewiserandmoreexperiencedwithincreasingage.You'resharpestinyour20's;around30,mentalabilitiesbegintodecline,particularlyyourabilitytodomaths.2Yourvocabularyatage45,forexample,isthreetimesasgreataswhenyougraduatedfromcollege.At60,yourbrainpossessesalmostfourtimesasmuchinformationasitdidatage21.3Youhavethebestphysicalsenseofyourselffrom15to24,whenyoufeelenergeticallthetime.Thebestprofessionalsenseseemsfrom40to49.Beforeage24,webelievethatourhappiestyearsareyettocome.Over30,webelievethatthey'rebehindus.ANationalHealthSurveyagrees:Afterage30,we“becomemorerealisticanddonotviewhappinessasagoalinitself.Ifwekeepourhealth,achieveprofessionalandemotionalgoals,thenhappiness,wefeel,willfollow.”4Generallybetween30to39,butthepeak(頂峰)varieswithdifferentprofessions.Mozartwroteasymphonybyageeight,andMendelssohncomposedhisbest-knownwork，AMidsummerNight'sDream,at17,butmostofthegreatmusicwaswrittenbymenbetween33and39.Thoughthepeakinmostfieldscomesearly－mostNobelPrizewinnersdidtheirtopresearchintheirlate20'sand30's,creativepeoplecontinuetoproducequalityworkthroughouttheirlives.5A．Whenareyouhappiest?B．Whenareyoumostcreative?C．Butyourabilitytocompleteothertasksclimbs.D．Theabovegivesyouanaccuratefigure.E．Certaingoodyearsseemtocomelaterinlife.F．Forpeoplewhoarecreative,thereisnoupperagelimit.G．Thehumanlifejourneycannotbechartedbyaclearlifepattern.【語篇解讀】本文談論我們生命中的黃金時期。1．E[依據(jù)上句：即使你度過了一些最好的時間，你還有好日子要來。可知，某些美妙的歲月好像會在以后的生活中出現(xiàn)。故選E。]2．C[依據(jù)上句：20多歲的時候你的思維最靈敏；30歲左右，記憶力起先衰退，尤其是你的數(shù)學計算實力。再依據(jù)空格下文：比如，你45歲時的詞匯量是你高校剛畢業(yè)時的三倍；60歲時，你大腦中擁有的信息量幾乎是你21歲時的四倍?？芍?，此空表示一種轉(zhuǎn)折關系，句意：但你做其他事情的實力卻在增長。故選C。]3．A[此空是段落首句。依據(jù)下文：你對自己的身體狀況感到最滿足是15至24歲，對事業(yè)感到最滿足是40至49歲。24歲之前，我們認為我們最華蜜的日子還沒到來；過了30歲，我們又認為最華蜜的日子已經(jīng)過去了?？芍?，本段在談論，你什么時候最華蜜？故選A。]4.B[本空是段落首句。依據(jù)下文：一般說是在30至39歲之間，但其高峰期又因職業(yè)而異。再依據(jù)下面介紹的莫扎特、門德爾松，可知，本段談論的是，你什么時候最富有創(chuàng)建力？故選B。]5．F[本空是段落尾句，起概括總結(jié)的作用。依據(jù)上文：盡管在大多數(shù)領域中，這種高峰期均來得很早——大多數(shù)諾貝爾獎獲得者都是在其30歲前那幾年和30至40歲之間作出了最突出的成就。由此可知，具有創(chuàng)建力的人終其一生都能做出高質(zhì)量的工作。故選F。]【解題策略】做七選五時，肯定要留意空格前后與橫線句子之間的關系，特殊留意and，but，so，besides，however等詞匯的運用。它們連接了上下文，起著承上啟下的作用。像but(但是)、however(然而)，表示轉(zhuǎn)折，這說明前后的內(nèi)容相反或相對。把握住這一點，做起題來就會得心應手。比如本題第2小題，依據(jù)上句：“20多歲的時候你的思維最靈敏；30歲左右，記憶力起先衰退，尤其是你的數(shù)學計算實力。”再依據(jù)空格下文：“比如，你45歲時的詞匯量是你高校剛畢業(yè)時的三倍；60歲時，你大腦中擁有的信息量幾乎是你21歲時的四倍?！笨芍?，此空表示一種轉(zhuǎn)折關系，句意：但你做其他事情的實力卻在增長。故選C。Ⅲ.語法填空Yiwu,China,April29(Reuters)—Thefirstfreighttrain(貨運列車)torunfromBritaintoChinaarrivedinthecityofYiwuineasternChinaonSaturday，1.(complete)its12，000kms-journey.Thetrain，2.carrieditemssuchasvitaminsandbabyproducts，3.(greet)bytradersandshippingcompanyofficialswhenitarrivedatYiwuWeststationafterdepartingLondononApril10.ThefirstfreighttrainfromChinaarrivedinBritaininJanuary.4．(operate)byYiwuTimexIndustrialInvestment,theYiwu-LondonfreightservicemakesLondon5.15thEuropeancitytohavearaillink6.(direct)withChinaafterthe2013beginningofthe“OneBelt,OneRoad”initiative(倡議)byChinesePresidentXiJinping.“Thisfreighttrainisa7.(reflect)oftheachievementsoftrade，”YiwuTimexChairmanTimmyFengtoldReutersTelevision.AfterleavingLondonthebrightredtrainpassedthroughseven8.(country)—France,Belgium,Germany,Poland,Belarus,RussiaandKazakhstan—beforearrivinginYiwu.ForBritain，thetrain9.(be)partofanefforttostrengthentradelinkswiththerestoftheworldasitpreparestoleavetheEuropeanUnion10.twoyears'time.【語篇解讀】本文屬于社會新聞類。義烏——倫敦列車，載有維生素和嬰兒用品的列車在4月10日離開倫敦后于4月29日抵達義烏西站，受到了貿(mào)易商和船運公司官員的歡迎，這是在中國國家主席習近平提倡的“一帶一路”之后歐洲國家與中國有鐵路干脆與中國聯(lián)系的第15個城市。1．completing[考查非謂語動詞。句意：中國的義烏，4月29日，星期六第一列貨車從英國運行到中國抵達中國東部的義烏市，完成其12000公里的旅程。分析句子可知，從英國發(fā)出的第一列貨車到達義烏，完成了這個旅程。而列車與complete是主動關系，要用動詞的ing形式作狀語，2．which[考查非限制性定語從句的引導詞。句意：火車載有維生素和嬰兒用品等物品。依據(jù)句子可知，Thetrain是先行詞，在定語從句中作carried的主語，而火車是物，故用which。]3．wasgreeted[考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)。依據(jù)句意：這列載有維生素和嬰兒用品的火車在4月10日離開倫敦后抵達