2022中考閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題練 專題46 醫(yī)護(hù)人員（原卷版）

答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁2022中考閱讀理解熱點(diǎn)話題練專題46醫(yī)護(hù)人員Passage1（2021·湖南張家界·中考真題）FlorenceNightingalewasbornonMay12th,1820.In1851shetrainedasanurse.TwoyearslatershewenttoaBritishmilitary（軍事的）hospitalsothatshecouldhelpBritishsoldiers.Beforeshearrived,manysoldiersdiedinthehospitalbecauseitwasdirty.Nightingaleworkedhardtomakethehospitalcleanandstopsoldiersdying.WhenshereturnedtoEnglandin1856,shewasanationalheroine.Nightingalewrotetwobooksaboutnursingandshealsostartedaschooltotrainnurses.ShediedinLondononAugust13th,1910,whenshewas90yearsold.1．WhatwasFlorenceNightingale’sjob?A．Anurse. B．Asoldier. C．Anartist.2．Howmanybooksdidshewrite?A．One. B．Two. C．Three.3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthearticle?A．In1851shewenttoaBritishmilitaryhospital.B．In1856shereturnedtoEngland.C．In1910shediedinLondon.4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthearticle?A．ABritishSoldier.B．ABritishMilitaryHospital.C．AFamousBritishNurse.Passage2（2021·四川達(dá)州·中考真題）“Ispentmywholelifedoingonething,”GuFangzhouoncesaid.Knownas“thefatherofsugarpills(糖丸)”,GupassedawayonJanuary2,2019.Eightmonthslater,hereceivedanationalhonorary-title(榮譽(yù)稱號)“thePeople’sScientist”forhispolio(脊髓灰質(zhì)炎)research.GuFangzhou,afamousmedicalscientist,wasborninJune,1926.Gu’sfamilyfacedadifficulttimewiththesuddendeathofhisfather.HestudiedhardandfinallyenteredPekingUniversityasamedicalstudentin1944.Aftergraduation,Gumadethedecisiontoworktohelpimprovepublichealth.In1955,poliobrokeoutinNantong,JiangsuProvince.Itparalyzed(使癱瘓)1,680people,mostlychildrenagedbelowseven.Itspreadtoneighboringareasandresultedin466deaths.Guwasaskedtoleadpolioresearchin1957.“Atthattimetheonlywaytopreventpoliowastoinventavaccine(疫苗),”saidGu.In1959Gusucceededindevelopingthefirstpoliolivevaccine.Later,hedevelopedthe“sugar-coatedpill”vaccineintheearly1960s.Itnotonlytastedbetterbutwasmoreaffordableandeasiertokeep.Totestthevaccine,Gutriedthevaccineinpersonandlaterhisone-month-oldsonwasvaccinated.Thisinspiredhisteamtovaccinatetheirkids.TheybecamethefirstgroupofpeopleinChinatotryapoliovaccine.“Ifwedon’tbelieveinwhatweproduce,howcanothersbelieveinit?”saidGu.Gradually,thesugar-coatedpoliovaccinewasmadeavailableinChina.Itsavedmillionsofpeople,especiallykids,frombeingdisabled.In2000,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)announcedthatChinawasalreadyapolio-freecountry.“Wefeelsatisfied.IcantellpeoplethatItriedmybest,andyourkidswillnolongergetpolio,”saidGu.“That’sallwehopedfor.”5．WhatwasGuFangzhou’sagewhenhepassedaway?A．About89. B．About93. C．About95. D．About96.6．WhowerethefirstgroupofpeopletotryapoliovaccineinChina?①GuFangzhouhimself.②GuFangzhou’spartners’kids.③GuFangzhou’sparents.④GuFangzhou’sson.A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④7．WhichofthefollowingisNotmentionedinthepassage?A．Gugotmarriedinhistwenties.B．GuenteredPekingUniversitytostudymedicinein1944.C．Since2000,Chinahasbecomeapolio-freecountry.D．Gureceivedanationalhonorary-title“thePeople’sScientist”afterhisdeath.8．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage？A．Tointroducetheresearchaboutthepoliovaccine.B．Toreportanimportantmedicalinvention.C．Tointroduceagreatmedicalscientist.D．ToshowChinesepoliovaccinetotheworld.Passage3（2020·江蘇·儀征市實(shí)驗(yàn)初中三模）Whatisahero?Wemaythinkofthefictionalcharacterswithsuperpowersorgreatpeoplewhocaninfluenceworldevents.Now,asthenationcontinuesitsall-outeffortstofightagainstthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia(新冠肺炎),medicalworkershavebecomeheroesintheeyesofthepublic.AsofFeb19,atotalof32,000medicalworkersoutsideHubeiprovincehavebeenworkingtotreatpatientsaroundthecenteroftheoutbreak.ZhangDingyu,thepresidentofWuhanJinyintanHospital,isoneoftheseheroes,sincethehospitalreceivedthefirstsevenpatientsinDecember,Zhanghasbeensobusythathebarelygetsanysleep.Evensufferingfromamyotrophiclateralsclerosis(肌萎縮側(cè)索硬化),the56-year-olddoctorisdoinghisbesttoquickenhispacetosaveprecioustimeforinfectedpatients.“Ihavetorun,racingagainsttimetosavemorepatientsfromthedeadlydisease,becauseIdon’thavemuchtimeleftinmylife,”ZhangtoldXinhuaNewsAgency.Withthedutyofsavinglives,manymedicalprofessionalslikeZhanghavebeenworkinglonghoursfordays,despitetheirfearandworries.LuJingjingfromWuhanChildren’sHospitalalsoworksatatemporarymobilehospital.Shedoesnotletherparentsknowthatsheisnowworkingwithnovelcoronavirus-infectedpatients.Whenherparentsaskforavideochat,Lusayssheisworkingandletsherhusbandandchildrenchatwiththeminstead.“It’sdangerousbutweshouldwinthebattlewiththevirusassoonaspossible,sothatmedicalworkersandpatientscangobackhome,”shetoldChinaDaily.USwriterKhalilGibran(1883-1931)oncewrote,“Gentlenessandkindnessarenotsignsofweaknessandhopelessness,butthemanifestationsofstrengthanddetermination.”It’strueforthemedicalworkers.Everyonehasfear,especiallywhenitcomestodeadlydiseases.Butformedicalworkers,savinglivescomesfirstandisenoughforthemtobebraveandstayonthefront.Theymaylooklikeordinarypeopleindailylife,butintheseextraordinary(不同尋常的)times,theyareheroes.9．WhatdowelearnfromZhangDingyu’swords?A．Hisillnesshasturnedhimintoanimpatientman. B．Hisillnessmakeshimworkwithoutanyfear.C．Hefeelssorryforhimselfbecauseofhisillness. D．Hewantstohelpasmanypatientsaspossible.10．Whydoesn’tLuJingjinganswerherparents’videocalls?A．Sheistoobusyandhasnotimeforvideochats. B．Shedoesn’twantherparentstoworryabouther.C．It’snotallowedtomakeavideocallfromthehospital. D．Thereisnonetworksignalatthetemporarymobilehospital.11．Theunderlinedword“manifestations”inthesecond-to-lastparagraphprobablymeans________.A．results B．differences C．symbols D．a(chǎn)dvantages12．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthisarticle?A．Toexplainhowthenovelcoronaviruspneumoniainfluencedus.B．TopraisemedicalworkersfortheireffortstofighttheNCP.C．TodescribewhatmeasuresChinahastakentodealwiththevirus.D．ToshowthedifficultiesfacedbythemedicalworkerstreatingNCPpatients.Passage4（2021·浙江錦繡育才教育科技集團(tuán)有限公司模擬預(yù)測）ZhangDingyuisthedirectorofWuhanJinyintanHospital,whichisoneofthehospitalsinWuhan,HubeiProvince.ItisorderedtoacceptpatientswiththeCOVID-19.Hehasbeensobusyrecentlythathegoestobedatabout2a.m.andgetsuparound4a.m.Alongwithmorethan600partners,the57-year-olddoctorhasbeentreatingpatientssincethehospitalreceivedthefirstsevenpeoplewiththeCOVID-19.Zhangisseriouslyill,anditisdifficultforhimtowalk.Hislegsarebecomingweakerandweakerbecauseoftheillness.Buthe’sdoinghisbesttowalkfastertosavetimeforpatientsinfectedwiththeCOVID-19inWuhan.OnFeb.2,37patientswhowereinfectedwiththevirus,withtheoldestofthembeing88,leftthehospitalafterrecoveringwiththehelpofmedicalworkers.Zhang’swifeisalsoamedicalworkerworkingatanotherhospitalinWuhan.ShewasinfectedwiththevirusandhospitalizedonJan,19.Shewasluckyenoughtorecover,too.ButZhangcontinuedworkingtirelessly,andthoughitwasdifficulttomovequickly,hesaid,“Ihavetorun,racingagainsttimetosavemorepatientsfromthedeadlydisease.Ihaveneverfeltsuchpressureastoday.”Headded,“Forme,myillnessislikeaswordhangingintheair,butIhaven’tgotanytimetothinkaboutit.”Zhangandhispartnershavebeentootiredbecauseofwork.“Normally,nurseschangeshiftseverytwohours,”hesaid.“Nowthenurses,aswellasdoctors,mustworkfourorfivehoursstraightwithoutabreak,andbeingtootiredwillincreasetherisksofbeinginfected.”“Nomatterhowseriousthesituationis,Ibelievethatwe’llbeatthisdisease,”hesaid.13．HowlongdoesZhangDingyuusuallysleepinthemorning?A．Abouttwohours. B．Aboutfourhours. C．Aboutsixhours. D．Abouteighthours.14．WhichofthefollowingsisTRUE?A．About600patientswiththevirusareinZhang’shospital.B．Zhangwalksfastertosavetimetosavethepatientsalthoughhe’sveryill.C．Fornursesanddoctors,beingtiredwon’tincreasetherisksofbeinginfected.D．Zhang’swifeisalsoadoctorwhoworksinthesamehospitalasZhangdoes.15．Theunderlinedword“hospitalized”means“________”A．takentoahospitaltohelppatients B．takengoodcareofathomeC．takenintoahospitalfortreatment D．takenoutofahospitalforarest16．Wecanprobablyfindthispassage________.A．inanovel B．onamoviewebsite C．inanewspaper D．inasciencemagazinePassage5（2021·遼寧錦州·一模）單項(xiàng)選擇，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從各題的四個選項(xiàng)中選擇一個最佳答案。OnSept.8,2020,PresidentXiJinpingpresentsmedalstotherecipient（接受者）oftheMedaloftheRepublic（共和國勛章）ZhongNanshan,andrecipientsofthenationalhonorary（榮譽(yù)的）title“thePeople’sHero,”ZhangBoli,ZhangDingyuandChenWei,atameetingcommending（表彰）rolemodelsinthecountry’sfightagainsttheCOVID-19epidemic（流行病）attheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing.ZhongNanshanisoneofthem.HeledhisteamtoWuhantofightagainsttheillness.HemadetheimportantdecisiontocutoffWuhanfromothercitiestostopthevirus.Thankstohim,thediseaseisundercontroldaybyday.“Wearingthisuniform,Ishoulddoeverythingforthecountry,”saidChenWei,akeyfigurebehindthevaccine（疫苗）.ShemadegreatachievementsinCOVID-19relatedbasicresearchanddevelopmentofvaccineandprotectivemedicine.ZhangDingyu,headofWuhanJinyintanHospital,learnedthathiswifewasinfected（感染）withCOVID-19,buthestillfoughtinthefrontlineoftheepidemicformorethan30days.Andheledthemedicalteamtotreatthousandsofpatients.Althoughpeoplehavedifferentpositions,industries,abilitiesandlevels,theycancreategreatachievementsincommonpositions.That’sbecausetheyhaveheroic（英雄的）dreamsanddoheroicdeeds.Everyoneadmiresahero.TheheroicChinesepeoplewillsurelycreatenewerandgreaterChinesemiracles（奇跡）.17．Whohasbeengiventhe“theMedaloftheRepublic”byPresidentXi?A．ZhangBoli. B．ZhongNanshan. C．ZhangDingyu. D．ChenWei.18．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutZhangDingyu?A．HissonwasinfectedwithCOVID-19.B．Hefoughtinthefrontlineoftheepidemicforover300days.C．Hismedicalteamsavedthousandsofpatients.D．Thisyear,heiseighty-fouryearsold19．Accordingtothepassage,therecipientsarehonoredbecausetheyareall_________.A．rolemodelsinthecountry’sfightagainsttheCOVID-19epidemicB．makinggreatachievementsinscienceC．keyfiguresbehindthevaccineD．developingvaccineandprotectivemedicinein202020．Accordingtothepassage,whatmainlymakescommonpeoplecreategreatachievements?A．Highpositions. B．Goodabilitiesandhighlevels.C．Greatfeelings. D．Heroicdreamsandheroicdeeds.21．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．China’sGreatAchievements B．DevelopmentofVaccineC．TheHeroicDreamsofPeopleD．GivetheEpidemicHeroesThumb（大拇指）upPassage6（2021·天津河北·二模）HaveyoueverheardofOrbis?Orbisisagroupthathelpsblindpeopleeverywhere.Ithasbuiltaneyehospitalinsideaplaneandflownitallovertheworldwithaninternationalmedicalteam.SamanthaGraham,afourteen-year-oldschoolgirlfromEngland,wentwiththeplanetotheMongolianPeople’sRepublic.SamanthatellsthestoryofEukhtuul,ayoungMongoliangirl.“Lastyear,whenEukhtuulwaswalkinghomefromschool,shewasattacked(襲擊)byboyswithsticksandhereyeswerebadlyhurt.Dr.Duffey,anOrbisdoctor,saidthatwithoutanoperationshewouldneverseeagain.IthoughtaboutalltheeverydaythingsIdothatshecouldn’t,thingslikereadingschoolbooks,watchingtelevision,seeingfriends,andIrealisedhowfortunateIam.”“TheOrbisteamagreedtooperateonEukhtuulandwasallowedtowatch,togetherwithsomeMongolianmedicalstudents.“Hopefully,theoperationwouldbesuccessful”Isaidtomyself.ThenextdayIwaitednervouslywithEukhtuulwhileDrDuffeytookoffherbandages(繃帶).“Insixmonthsyoursight(視力)willbebacktonormal(正常)”,hesaid.“Eukhtuulsmiled,hermothercried,andIcriedtoo!”NowEukhtuulwantstostudyhardtobecomeadoctor.Herwholefuturehaschanged,thankstothesimpleoperationfromOrbis.22．AccordingtoParagraphl,Orbis’eyehospitalisa________hospital.A．new B．big C．mobile D．private23．Eukhtul’ssightproblem________.A．startedlastyear B．startedfrombirthC．isaresultofwatchingtelevision D．isaresultofasuddenillness24．Theword“fortunate”inthesecondparagraphmeans“________”.A．popular B．worried C．lucky D．hard-working25．Samanthacriedbecause________.A．Eukhtulgaveherasmile B．Eukhtuul’soperationwasasuccessC．Dr.DuffeywouldoperateonEukhtuul D．shewasallowedtowatchEukhtuul’soperation26．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Thedifficultiesforblindtravelers. B．Thebestwayofstudyingmedicine.C．ThelifeofschoolchildreninMongolia. D．Theinternationalworkofsomeeyedoctors.Passage7（2021·山東·青州市鄭母初級中學(xué)一模）“Feelboredstayingathome?Sodoesthevirus.Ifyoustaylonger,theviruswillbeboredtodeath.”ThisishowZhangWenhongaskedpeopletostayindoorsduringtheoutbreak.Zhangisheadoftheinfectiousdiseasesdepartment(感染科)atHuashanHospitalAffiliatedwithFudanUniversityinShanghai.HealsoworksasheadoftheShanghaiexpertteamthattreatsnovelcoronaviruspneumonia（新冠肺炎）.Thesedays,Zhanghasbecomeaninternetcelebrity(網(wǎng)紅)duetohisfunnyandfrankwayoftalking.Hefirstcaughtpeople’sattentioninlateJanuary,whenheaskedthemembersoftheCommunistPartyofChina(共產(chǎn)黨員)inhisdepartmenttogotothefrontlinehospitals.Hisreasonwassimple:Theyhave“vowed(宣誓)toputpeople’sinterestsfirst.”Hisstraightforwardwayofspeakingquicklywonapplause（掌聲）acrossthecountry.Meanwhile,asaPartymemberhimself,Zhangsetanexamplebycheckingonpneumoniapatientseveryday.“IdoitinpersonbecauseIneedtoencourageothercolleagues(同事),”hetoldthemedia.ZhangbelievesinthetraditionalChineseideathat“thebestdoctorspreventthedisease”.That’swhyhetrieshisbesttospreadscientificknowledgeonhowtopreventtheepidemic（傳染?。?Hissenseofhumorhasmadeiteasierfortheknowledgetoreachthepublic.HeandhisteamalsoupdatetheirWeChataccounteverydaywithtimelyanalyses（分析）oftheepidemictodriveawaypublicworries.Oneofhisarticlesgotmorethan10millionhits.ButZhangmightnotcareabouthissuddenfame.Whenaskedabouthisfeelingsafterbecomingfamous,Zhangtoldthemedia,“Don’tpayattentiontome.PayattentiontoWuhan.I’mnotacelebrity.I’madoctor.”“Everyoneisasoldier.You’renotjustkeepingyourselfathome,butfightingwiththevirus.”“Youarenotadoctor,butwhatyoudoismoreimportantthanwhatdoctorsdo.”“Whenyouspeakless,yourthoughtsspring(涌出).Stayingindoorswillbringyoubenefits.”27．WhatwonZhangWenhongsuddenfameontheinternet?A．Hismedicalskills. B．Hiswayofspeaking.C．Hispersonalstories. D．Hisspecialtreatments.28．WhatdoweknowaboutZhangWenhong?A．HeisnotaCPCmember.B．Heputpeople’sinterestsfirst.C．Hisstraightforwardwayofspeakingoffendssomepeople.D．Heencouragedhiscolleaguestostayawayfrompatients.29．AccordingtoZhang,thebestwaytostopthevirusis________.A．topreventit B．todevelopavaccineC．tocheckpatients D．todomoreresearch30．WemightdescribeZhangWenhongas________.A．a(chǎn)strictperson B．a(chǎn)nirresponsiblemanC．a(chǎn)superstar D．a(chǎn)respectabledoctorPassage8（2020·山東·一模）ZhongNanshanisaChineseepidemiologist（流行病學(xué)專家）.HewasthepresidentofChineseMedicalAssociation（中華醫(yī)學(xué)會）from2005to2009.ZhongbecameinternationallyfamousfordealingwiththeSARSoutbreak（爆發(fā)）in2003.Hewasvoted（投票選舉）oneofChina’stop10scientistsin2010.Duringthe2019-2020coronavirus（冠狀病毒）outbreak,heb