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英語(yǔ)的詞性:通常分為10類(lèi)。其中名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞為實(shí)詞,冠詞、介詞、連詞和感

嘆詞為虛詞。(文章標(biāo)題通常實(shí)詞大寫(xiě),虛詞小寫(xiě))

冠詞:冠詞是放在名詞前面的一種電詞,不能單獨(dú)使用。冠詞有兩種:不定冠詞a/an,定冠詞the。

A:(a/an)的用法:

l.a用在讀音為輔音開(kāi)頭的名詞之前,an用在讀音為元音開(kāi)頭的名詞之前。

【注意】(1)這里指的是"讀音”,而不是指字母。例如:auniversity/usefulbook/usualthing/European/anhour

(2)另外在單獨(dú)一個(gè)字母前也用an,如:A/E/F/H/l/L/M/N/O/R/S/X

如:There'san"m"intheword-music.

2.表示某一類(lèi)人或某事物中的任何一個(gè),通常在首次提到某人或某物時(shí)用a/an,以表示與其他事物的區(qū)別。(1)1

gavehimabookyesterday.(2)Iamreadinganinterestingstory.

3.用在事物的度量單位前,如時(shí)間、速度、價(jià)格等,表示“每一個(gè)”。

(1)Weoftengotoschooltwotimesaday.(2)Thepotatoissoldatabout30yuantenjin.

4.特定的詞組。如:afew,alittle,haveagoodtime,havealook,anumberof,haveacold,goforawalk等

5.a/an+序數(shù)詞表示“又一,再一例如:Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.

B:定冠詞(the)的用法

1.定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

1)Thebaginthedeskismine.2)Isthisthebookyouarelookingfbr?3)Doyouknowthemaninback?

2.如果第一次提到某人或事物的時(shí)侯,用a/an,那么以后再次提到的話,就變成特指的人或事物了;或者說(shuō)話

雙方都知道的名詞前。例如:(1)Openthedoor,please.

(2)IboughtabookfromXinhuaBookshop.Thebookcostme15yuan.

3.定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。這些事物當(dāng)然是特指的事物,不

可能有兩個(gè)以上。Ihesunthemoontheearththeworldthespringof2023

4.定冠詞與形容詞連用,可表示某一類(lèi)人或事物。(thc+形容詞表示“一類(lèi)人”)

(1)Healwayshelpsthepoor.(2)Thedisabledcangotothisspecialschool.

【注意】:the用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示一家人。例如:TheGreensareverykindtous.

5.用在形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞前

(1)Heisthetalleststudentsinmyclass.(2)Jimwasthefirststudentwhocametoschoolthismorning.

6.用在西洋樂(lè)器前面;在中國(guó)樂(lè)器前面可加可不加。如:playthepiano/violinplay(the)erhu

7.用在山脈、河流、海、洋、名勝古跡等專(zhuān)有名詞前?!霼:theYellowRivertheWestLaketheGreatWall

8,習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):inthemomingbythewayintheendontheright

C:零冠詞的用法:1.人名、地名、國(guó)名等專(zhuān)有名詞前通常不用冠詞。如:

(1)Mary;Tom;Jim;MissLi;Mr.Zhang

(2)(2)Beijing;Shanghai;London;Paris

(3)(3)England;China;Germany;SouthAfrica

2.表示官銜,職位、身份的名詞前不加冠詞。如:

⑴TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。

(2)In1860,LincolnbecamePresidentoftheUnitedStates,在1860年,林肯成為美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。

3.當(dāng)名詞前有this/that等指示代詞、my/your等形容詞性物主代詞時(shí),不用任何冠詞。如:

(I)Tliisismycomputer.(2)Thatbookistheirteacher's.

4.年份、月份、星期、日期、季節(jié)、節(jié)日等名詞前不用冠詞:in1988;inAugust;onThursday;onDecember8th;

inspring;ThanksgivingDayWegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.Children'sDayfallsonJune1st.

5.“一口三餐”等名詞前不用冠詞:havebreakfast(lunch,supper)

【注意】(1)前面有形容詞修飾,需用不定冠伺;Hehadabig/nice/quick/slowdinnertoday.

(2)后面有定語(yǔ)修飾,需用定冠詞:Thebreakfasthehadtodaywasgood.

6.球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂(lè)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱(chēng)前不用冠詞:playsoccer/basketball/volleyball/tennis..playchess/cards

7.當(dāng)“bike,car,bus,train,boat,ship,plane,rocket”等與“by”連用,表示一種交通手段時(shí),不用冠詞。如:bybus.

bytrainDidyoucomebackbyplaneorbytrain?

8.一,些固定詞組中:gotobed,gotoschool,atnight

D:在有些詞組中,有冠詞和無(wú)冠詞意思不同,請(qǐng)注意區(qū)別:

1)infrontof在..前面,inthefrontof在....范圍內(nèi)的前部

2)有些個(gè)體名詞“school,college,prison,hospital,bed”等詞與動(dòng)詞或介詞連用時(shí),有無(wú)冠詞表示不同含義,

如:gotohospital;gotothehospitalinhospital(生病)住院;inthehospital(在醫(yī)院里)

3)兩個(gè)形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個(gè)不同東西。

Heraisesablackandwhitecat.Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.

練習(xí)用a,an,the填空,如果沒(méi)有必要,可以不填。

1.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplaybasketball.

2.Wouldyoupleasepassmewateronthetable?3.Whoisyoungladywithcurlyhair?

3.—DdyoudowellinEnglishexam?—Yes,Igot"A”.

4.Todayisunusualdayfbrhimbecausehebecamesuccessful

5.-WhatcanIdofbryou,madam?--Iwantorangeskirtfbrmydaughter.

6.—Excuseme.Isthereparknearhere?-Yes.Ifsovertherenexttopostoffice.

7.—Whatheavyrainitwas!—Yes,butIloveairafteritrains.Itsmellssofresh.

8.—Whereismathteacher?—He'stalkingwithSam'sfatheroverthere.

youseenfilmuWhereArcWcGoing,Dad'?—Yes,it'sinterestingfilm!

10.—Whatdoyouknowaboutkitesurfing?—Itis____excitingwatersport.

11.-Doesyourfathergotoworkbycareveryday?—No,hesometimestakesbus.

12.SomesmallshopsinBritainusuallyclosefbrhouratlunchtime.

13.—Doyouoftenplaypiano?-Yes.IwanttobemusicianlikeLangLang.

14.Runningisgoodexercise.15.Let'stakephoto!Everyone,cheese!

16.Danny'sgrandmotherisillinhospital.He'llgotheretoseeherafterschool.

17.ManypeoplegaveawaymoneytopooraftertheearthquakeinNepal.

18.LeeisactorfromSouthKorea.HesangChinesepopsongonthe2023CCTVNewYear'sGala.

19.WhiteshaveplannedtovisitGreatWallinChina.

20.—Look!Thereismonkeyeatingappleinthetree.—En,monkeyisverycute.

名詞(Noun):英語(yǔ)名詞分為專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞兩大類(lèi)。

專(zhuān)有名詞用來(lái)指具體的人、地點(diǎn)、日子或物體的專(zhuān)有名稱(chēng)。特點(diǎn)是:第一個(gè)字母大寫(xiě),通常不與冠詞連用。

(-)人名英美人的姓名與中國(guó)人的相反,姓在后,名在前,姓名前不用冠詞。例如:MarySmith

(1)一般熟人間通常用名稱(chēng)呼。例如:How^Johngettingon?約翰近來(lái)好嗎?

(2)在不熟悉人之間或表示禮貌時(shí),常把姓和稱(chēng)謂連用。

例如:WouldyoupleasetellMrSmithtocometotheoffice?

(3)姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前加定冠詞可表示全家人。例如:TheTurnershavegonetoAmerica.

(二)地名如:Asia;Africa;MountE'mei;theEnglishChannel;theSahara;thePacific

尾加、構(gòu)成;2.由介詞+ofi■名詞構(gòu)成。前者多用來(lái)表示有生命的東西;后者多用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的東西。例如:

ChildieifsPalace,thelegsofthetable,dienameofthebook

(一)所有格形式的構(gòu)成

(I)單數(shù)名詞后加,s,其讀音與名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾的讀音相同。例如:thegirl'sfather

(2)以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加L例如:Iwohours5walk兩個(gè)小時(shí)的步行

(3)不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加,s。例如:thechildren'sholiday孩子們的節(jié)R

(4)以s結(jié)尾的人名,可以加&也可加'號(hào)。例如:Thomas'sbrotherCharles'sjob

(5)表示各自的所有關(guān)系,不是共有的,則分別在名詞末尾加's,如:John,sandMary'sroom

若表示共有的,則在最后一個(gè)名詞的末尾加's,如:JohnandMary'sroom

(二),s所有格的用法:1所有格常表示有生命的東西,但也可表示無(wú)生命的東西。例如:

(1)表示時(shí)間:today'snewsp叩er今天的報(bào)紙(2)表示自然現(xiàn)象:themoon'srays月光

(3)表示國(guó)家、城市機(jī)構(gòu):.....Shanghai\culture/history,China'spopulation(人口)

(4)表示度量衡及價(jià)值:twentydollars'value20美元的價(jià)值fivemiles,distance5英里的距離

(三)為所有格所表示的關(guān)系

1.表示所有關(guān)系:可分為可分割的所有關(guān)系和不可分割的所有關(guān)系??煞指畹乃嘘P(guān)系通常指身外之物,一般不

可用of表示。例如:John'spen(Johnhasapen)約翰的鋼筆。不可說(shuō):apenofJohiio但不可分割的所有關(guān)

系,指自身?yè)碛械牟豢煞指畹臇|西可用's,也可用of表示。例婦:Maryshands(Maryhastwohands)瑪麗的

手口J以說(shuō):thehandsofMary

2.表示同位語(yǔ)關(guān)系(通常用of表示)thecityofRome羅馬城thecityofPairs巴黎城

3.復(fù)合名詞或短語(yǔ),,s加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾,如:amonthortwo'svacation

練習(xí):

)I.--Doyouknowthewomanoverthere?-Yes.She'saunt.

A.LilyandLucy'sB.Lily'sandLucy'sC.Lily'sandLucy

)2.Jackisnowin,A.theThirdGradeB.GradeThirdC.GradeThree

)3.Thanksforgivingme1wanted.A.thatB.whatC.where

()4.Nobodythinksit'seasytofinishsomuchworkin

A.twodays'timeB.two-daystimeC.twoday'stimeD.twodaystime

()5.Arethereanyonthefann?A.milkB.catC.chickensD.dog

()6.Footballisapopulararoundtheworld.A.gameB.sportC.show

()7.-Whatwouldyouliketodrink,ororange?-Orange,please.

A.hamburgerB.dessertC.teaD.soup

()8.Howmanywouldyoulike?A.cupsofteaB.cupofteasC.cupsofteas

()9.Thesearebedrooms.Thetwinsisterslikethemverymuch.

A.AnneandJane'sB.Anne'sandJane,sC.Anne,sandJane

()10.-Howfarisitfromyourhometotheschool?—It'sabout.

A.10minuteswalkB.10minute'swalkC.10-minutcswalkD.10minutcs,walk

()11.Ted,takesometoschool.It\sohotandyoumayfeelthirsty.

A.hamburgersB.bananasC.orangesD.juice

()12.Thepolicesearchingforatallmanwithlonghair.A.isB.areC.不填

介詞:是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞,詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞

或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi),短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組,在句中作狀語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

或介詞賓語(yǔ)。

一、表示時(shí)間的介詞:l)in,on

in表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如:inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inthenight,inthedaytime,

inaweek,in100years,inone'slife,inone'sthirties等。

on表示具體某一天及其早、中、晚c如onMay1st,onThursday,onNewYear'sDay,onSaturdayevening,

onafinemorning,onacoldnightinJanuary,onNationalDay等0

at表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間,或泛指圣誕節(jié),復(fù)活節(jié)等。

如at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof...,atthsageof...,atChristmas>atlunchtime,

atniglit,atnoon,atthistimc/momcnt等。

注意:在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如:thistenn;nextFriday,Wemetlastyear.

“at時(shí)間點(diǎn),有on必有天,in指月季年,也和色相連”。就是說(shuō),有具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)的時(shí)候用at,具體那一天用

on,說(shuō)到月份,季節(jié),年份,就用用而且說(shuō)誰(shuí)穿了什么顏色的衣服的時(shí)候,也是用inXX(color)]

歸納總結(jié):在初中階段常見(jiàn)的固定短語(yǔ)

inEnglishinaminute一會(huì)兒、立刻inashortwhile一會(huì)兒、不久inaword一句話insomeways

indangerinahurry匆匆忙忙infull全部地、詳細(xì)地infrontofincommon

inall總共inthiswayinneedintheendinperson親自ingoodhealthinfact

2)before,afterbefore表示“在某時(shí)刻或某件事之前",after用在時(shí)刻或某件事之后。

3)by,until/tillby表示"不遲于","在..之前”例如:Couldyoureplytomyinvitationbytonight?

until/till到……為止在肯定句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如:

Iwailedformymumuntilshecamehome.

在否定句中,not…until譯成“直到……才”,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如:

Ididn'tgotobeduntilmymumcairehome.HecannotbebackuntilJanuary.

4)in,after兩者都有“在一段時(shí)間之后”之意,但“in+時(shí)間段”表示時(shí)間從現(xiàn)在算起,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài);而

“after+時(shí)間段/時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示的時(shí)間從過(guò)去算起,多用于過(guò)去時(shí)。Eg:

(1)1willfinishtheworktwohours.(2)Hereturnedhishometownhalfanyear.

(3)Nohurry.Thebuswillarrivetenminutes.A.atB.fbrC.inD.by

5)in,fbr,during,through

l)in表示“在……時(shí)間內(nèi)”“在……時(shí)間后”----從現(xiàn)在算起,后接時(shí)間段,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)。

例如:Doyouworkinthedaytimeoratnight?1hearhe'llbebackinaweek.

2)aftei?”在....以后”,從過(guò)去算起:后接時(shí)間段,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)。例如:Theygotthereafter8hours.

后接時(shí)間點(diǎn),常用于將來(lái)時(shí)o例如:Theplaneisleavingafternine.

3)for后接?段時(shí)間,可與多種時(shí)態(tài)連用,如與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

例如:Shehasworkedtherefbr8years.

4)during表示“在...期間”,強(qiáng)調(diào)“自始自終例如:Duringthosedaysheaskedalotofquestions.

5)through=fromthebeginningtotheend”自始自終”“從頭到尾"

例如:Dr.Bethunewentonworkingthroughthenight.

注:對(duì)“in+時(shí)間段”提問(wèn)用howsoon;對(duì)“fbr+時(shí)間段”提問(wèn)用howlong

二、of,about,on表示“關(guān)于"l)of僅指“關(guān)于”人或事物的存在。

Hespokeofthefilmtheotherday.Hethoughtofthematteryesterday.

2)about指“關(guān)于"某人或某事物的較詳細(xì)的情況。Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourself?

It'sabookforchildrenaboutAfricaanditspeople.

3)on指“關(guān)于"學(xué)術(shù)性的或嚴(yán)肅性的,供專(zhuān)門(mén)研究用的。IfsatextbookonhistoryofChina.

三、表示地點(diǎn)的介詞:

1)in:on,to表示方位:In表示“在…內(nèi)”,on表示“與…相鄰”,to表示“在…之外,又不相鄰”

2)above,over,on;below,under表示“在...之上或之下”的介詞

A:above指在...上方,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直,與below相對(duì):over指垂直的上方,與under相對(duì),但over與物體有

一定的空間,不直接接觸。Under”在……正下方";below”在……下,不一定在正下方工例如:

Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.

Thereisacatunderthetable.Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.

練習(xí):用below或者under填空Pleasedonotwritethisline.

Mypencil-caseisLiLei'sdesk.Thereisabridgetheriver.

Theplaneisflyingtheclouds.Thewaterflowsthebridge.

Theweatherreportsaidthatthetemperaturewouldfell(在…下面)zero.【解析】可用below或under,

表示在溫度的上方或下方用above(上)或below(下)。

B:on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。Heputhiswatchonthedesk.

3)表示在某地的介詞:at,in,onOnthe+身體硬部位;inthe+身體軟部位

at表示較小的地點(diǎn),in表示較大的地方,on表示在一個(gè)平面上。Eg:①Shanghai.

②home.③theground.TomtoldmehisparentshadarrivedBeijing.

4)表示“前、后”的介詞

⑴infrontof,inthefrontof,before表示“在…之前"infrontof=befbre表示“在某一范圍之外的前

面";inihefrontof表示“在某一范圍之內(nèi)的前部二Eg:

Tomisshortandalwayssitstheclassroom.Thereisatreemyhouse.

(2)atthebackof,behind,after三者均有“在…之后”之意,atthebackof是inthefrontof的反義詞,表示“在

某一范圍之內(nèi)的后部",behind是infrontof的反義詞,表示“在某一范圍之外的后面”,after可與behind互換,

也可以用于表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的詞后面。Eg:

I.Thecouplesarewalkingtheirson.2.Yourcatisthetree.

3.There'sablackboardtheclassroom.4.Thereisabankthebusstation.

5)表示“里外”的介詞⑴in表示“在……內(nèi)”,有靜止之意?inside表示“在……里面"、“到……里面”,強(qiáng)調(diào)

“以……為界”之意,into表示動(dòng)作的方向,意為“到…內(nèi)Eg:

①HewasreadingEnglishthedoor.②Theboyrushedthehouse.

(2)outside是inside的反義詞,表示“在…外面",outof是into的反義詞,表示"到…外Eg:

1.Don?tlookthewindowwhenyouareinclass.

2.Theyarehavinganimportantmeeting,pleasewaittheoffice.

6)from,to,fbr,into,outofGom...to從???...至U……Eg:leave...from...fbr...

ThetrainstartedfromParis.ShewillflyfromBeijingtoIIK.

介詞(短語(yǔ))語(yǔ)法功能

I.作狀語(yǔ)介詞(短語(yǔ))在句子作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞。表示“時(shí)間”,“地點(diǎn)”,“條件”,“方式”或“目的”等。例

如:①Shegetsupat6:30inthemorningeveryday.(時(shí)間)

②Therearcsomebooksonthedesk.(地點(diǎn))?Peoplecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.(條件)

2.作定語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)表示某個(gè)關(guān)系,一般放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后。

例如:ThegirlintheredskirtisLucy.(后置定語(yǔ))

3.作表語(yǔ)例如:①Sheisinthenexlroom.②HeisfromEnglish.

練習(xí)一、選擇填空

()1.ThanksourEnglishteacher'shelp,vvecanlearnEnglishwell.

A.toB.fbrC./D.of

()2.Wewenttothecountryaverycoldmorning.A.atB.inC.on

()3.Mygrandfatheroftenreadsnewspapersbreakfast.

A.onB.inC.afterD.of

()4.Somesupermarketsopen8:30.and8:()0.theMid-AutumnDay.

A.at,duringB.between,duringC.between,:n

()5.Thethirdgirltheleftisafamousmoviestar.A.onB.besideC.nextto

()6.ThetwinswerebornaFridayevening.A.inB.atC.on

()7.Myuncleboughtahouseasmallgardeninfrontofit.

A.withB.ofC.nearD.in

()8.Firstgothepark,andthenwalkabridge.Youcanfindhimonthefarm.

A.through,acrossB.across,throughC.pass,cross

練習(xí)二、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。

1.HearrivedMoscow3:30theafternoon.

2.TheyweretalkingChinesenameswhenIcametheirroom.

3.MrSmithisverystricthisstudentsandhiswork.

4.Thankslookingmylittlecat.5.HewillgotoHainanvacation.

5.1spent10dollarsmypen.=Ipaidtendollarsmybook.

6.1decidedtoswimtheriver,buthedidn'tagreeme.

7.Ididn'tknowthewayherhouse.ThatoldmantoldmegoCenterStreetandtarnleft.Youcan

seeahoteltheright.Herhouseisacrossthehotel.

8.Mymommakesmebeinbed10:30schoolnights.

9.Whatdidyoudothesummervacation?

10.Jimlookshismother,butheisher.Heisveryshy.

11.Wewon'tgotobedwefinishourhomeworknight.

12.Fillthemixtheturkey,thencookitahightemperature.Finallyplaceitaplate.Beforeweeat

turkey,wcshouldcutitthinpiecesandcatitvegetables.

13.Wecanimproveourphysicalhealthexercise.Sothebestv/aytokeephealthyisdoingsportsevery

day.

14.Pcurhalfacupofconithepopcornmachine,turnit.Afewminuteslater,getpopcornoutandaddsome

saltorsugarit.Thenyoucanenjoyit.

15.Thereweremanygoodssale.Iboughtapairoftrousersagoodprice.

16.thehelpofmyEnglishteacher,IcanleaniEnglishbetter.

17.ordertoimprovemyself,Ineedtomakeaplan.

18.I'dbegladtohelpoutanyofthepartypreparations.

形容詞及其用法

形容詞修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),

要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:somethingnice

1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類(lèi)人,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如I:theold,theliving,therich.thepoor

2)有關(guān)國(guó)家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體,與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。

theBritish,theEnglish,theFrench,theChinese.

3)多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋簲?shù)詞一描繪詞(大小,長(zhǎng)短一形狀,新舊一顏色)一出處一材料性質(zhì),類(lèi)

別一名詞,如:asmallroundtabicatallyellowbuildingadirtyoldbrownshirt

anexpensiveJapanesesportscarthosethreebeautifullargesquaresoldbrownwoodtable

典型例題:longstraightblackhair

Tonyisgoingcampingwithboys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittle

副詞:主要用來(lái)修飾行為動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或其它結(jié)構(gòu)。

一、副詞的位置:1)在行為動(dòng)詞之前。Ireallylikeher.2)在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。

3)當(dāng)有多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí),副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。Hecanalsoplaytheviolinbeautifully.

二、副詞的排列順序:

1)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。At103,HaijiaoshiStreet;at10,onTuesday,June3rd

2)方式副詞,短的在前,長(zhǎng)的在后,并用and或bul等連詞連接。Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.

3)多個(gè)副詞在一起的排列順序:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。

注意:副詞very可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。Imissherverymuch.

形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)

大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞都有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化,比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。

1)規(guī)則變化:

2)不規(guī)則變化:good/wellbad/ill/badlymuch/manylittle

far-(farther,further.在英語(yǔ)中兩者都可指距離。在美語(yǔ)中,farther表示距離,fbrthcr表

示進(jìn)一步。$11:Ihavenothingfurthertosay.old-(elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的長(zhǎng)幼關(guān)

系。如:Myelderbrotherisanengineer.Maryistheeldestofthethreesisters.)

(二)形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法:

1.原級(jí)的用法:用于兩者之間對(duì)比,意思為“……和……相同”:A+動(dòng)詞+a用形容詞原級(jí)+as+E.

2.比較級(jí)的用法:

1)A-形容詞比較級(jí)+than+B。形容詞比較級(jí)前還可以用much,even,still,alittle,abit等來(lái)修飾。

如:BeijingismuchmorebeautifulthanTokyo.Hisbrotherisalittleyoungerthanme.

2)數(shù)字+形容詞比較級(jí)+than。如:I'mtwoyearsolderthanyou.Sheisaheadtallerthanme.

3)比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí),表示“越來(lái)越...”。如:Theearthisgettingwannerandwarmer.

4)the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu),表示“越…就越…如:ThemoreIstudyit,themoreIlikeit.

5)which/who+is+比較級(jí)。如:Whichcityisbigger,BeijingorTianjin?Whoishappier,youorI?

3.最高級(jí)用法:用于三者及以上的人或事物的比較,最高級(jí)前加the,最高級(jí)前有物主代詞,序數(shù)詞和名詞所有

格時(shí),不加定冠詞,后面跟帶in或of表范圍的短語(yǔ)。

1)oneofthe+最高級(jí)。如:Ourcityisoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.

2)最高級(jí)可以與原級(jí)、比較級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)換。如:Sheisthebestinherclass.=Sheisbetterthananyotherstudentinherclass.

Nootherstudentinherclassisbetterthanshe.Nootherstudentinherclassisasgoodasshe.

單選:

()1.TheaiiinBeijingisgettinginuchnowthanafewyearsago.

A.cleanB.cleanerC.cleanestD.thecleanest

()2.Ifyouwanttobethinnerandhealthier,you'dbettercatfoodandtakeexercise.

A.more,fewerB.more,lessC.fewer,moreD.less,more

()3.-Whichdoyoulikebetter,Mcdonald'sorKFC?-,IjustlikeChinesefastfood.

A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None

()4.Comediesaren'tasascartoonsforkids.A.popularB.morepopularC.lesspopular

()5.ShedidveryattheWorldTableTennisChampionship,butZhangYiningdideven.

A.better,wellB.well,wellC.well,betterD.better,better

()6.Tomdrawsbetterthanhisbrother.A.moreB.veryC.even

()7.—TomissixandheishissisterJane.HowoldisJane?—Three.

A.asoldasB.threeyearsolderthanC.threeyearsyoungerthan

()8.Remember,boysandgirls.youwork,resultyouwillget.

A.Thebetter,theharderB.Theharder,thebetterC.Thehard,thebetter

()9.It'sraining.Wehavetostayathome.A.badlyB.heavyC.heavily

()10.Jackhasthreefriends.Mikeisofthefour.

A.mostcleverestB.morecleverC.thecleverestD.cleverest

()11.—WhoisyourfavoritebasketballplayerinChina?—YaoMing,ofcourse.Nooneelseplays.

A.betterB.bestC.goodD.well

()12.Tmafraidtheheadmasterisbusytomeetthevisitors.

A.toomuchB.muchtooC.somuchD.verymuch

()13.1thinkMrLiismuchthanMrsLi?A.seriouserB.moreseriousC.serious

()14.I'llgotodosomeshopping.There'sverymeatleft.

A.muchB.alittleC.littleD.few

()15.TheYellowRiverisn'tasastheChangjiangRiver.

A.longB.longestC.longerD.thelongest

()16.Whois,Jim,LiLeiorLingFeng?A.tallestB.tallerC.thetallest

()17.-ManypeopleliketoreadthebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought.-That,sright.There5sinit.

A.somethinginterestingB.interestingsomethingC.nothinginteresting

()18.Thismathproblemissodifficultthatonlystudentscanworkitout.

A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little

()19.ThiskindofT-shirtlooksandsellsinthemarket.

A.nice,goodB.well,wellC.nice,wellD.good,nice

()20.-Look,thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!Ifsonlyfivehundredyuan.

-The,thebetter.Tmshortmoney,youknow.

A.cheaper,ofB.cheap,fbrC.expensive,ofD.moreexpensive,fbr

變副詞的規(guī)則:一般直接+ly,“元音字母+e結(jié)尾”去e+ly,“輔音字母+y結(jié)尾”改y為i+ly。

如1:quick-quickly,polite—politely,quiet—quietly,real-really,helpful-helpfully,carelul-carefully,hopeful-hopefiilly,

slow-slowly,beautifiil-beautifully,glad-gladly等

如2:busy-busily;angry-angrily;easy-easily,happy——happily,heavy-heavily

3.某些以輔音字母加不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾和以-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞先去e,再+y或ly。$0:truc-truly;tcrriblc-tcrribly;

gentle-gently;possible-possibly,simple-simply,probable-probably,co:nfbrtable-comfbrtably等。

注意:部分名詞變形容詞,如:weekly,monthly,daily,friendly,motherly,lovely等。hard既可以做形容詞也可

以做副詞,而hardly只能做副詞。

有些詞既可以作形容詞,又可以作副詞,如early,late,much,fast,slow,hard,little,loud等。例句:Thankyouvery

much,(adv.)Thereismuchwaterintheriver,(adj.)Themusicistooloud.Pleaseturnitdown.(adj.)

Hespeaksloudenough.Soeveryoneintheroomcanhearwhathesaid,(adv.)

另夕卜,well和good相同,但是詞性不同。例句:HespeaksgoodEnglish.他講一口流利的英語(yǔ)。HespeaksEnglish

well.他英語(yǔ)講得不錯(cuò)。Well做形容詞表示“健康的"。Pmnotwelltoday.

反義詞:careless,hopeless,meaningless,homeless,useless,valueless

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:

educate-educator-education-educationalcreate-creator-creation-creativepollute—pollution

predict-predictionprepare—preparationcelebrate-celebra:iondiscuss—discussioninvite——invitation

organize—organizationperson—personalenvironment—environmentaltradition-traditional

improve-improvementmove—movementagree-agreementachieve-achievement

dcvelop-developmcnt

science—scientistviolin—violinistpiano—pianist

teach—teachertrade-traderwrite—writerdrive-driverfarm—farmertravel—travelerlisten—listener

perform—performerwin—winneract—actor/actresswait—waiter/waitress

music—musicianmagic一magicianCanada-Canadian

begin—beginningmeet—meetingbuild—buildingsay-saying

able—unablekicky—unluckyfriendly—unfriendlylike—unlikehealthy-unhealthy

possible——impossiblepolite―impolitepatient-impatientproper-improper

use—usefulpeace-peacefulwonder-wonderfulcare—carefulsuccess-successfiil

surprise—surprised-surprisingbore—bored——boringexcite—excited—excitingtire-tired-tiring

amaze-amazed-amazingfascinate-fascinatcd-fascinatingdisappoint-disappointed-disappointing

satisf>-satisficd-satisfying

like-dislikeappear-disappearcover-discoveragree-disagreeadvantage-disadvantage

die—death-dead

代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。代詞分為:人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、

反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞等八種。

用法:1、形容詞性物主代詞+名詞=名詞性物主代詞;2、句子主語(yǔ)用主格人稱(chēng)代詞

3、及物動(dòng)詞、介詞后用賓格人稱(chēng)代詞

一、根據(jù)提示用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q(chēng)代詞填空:

1.ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit.(she)2.1haveabluebike.Theredoneisn't.(I)

3.Yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.Pleaseput(they)away.

4.Thesenewhousesarcsonice.arcveryexpensive.(them)

5.Thefishennencaughtalotoffish,didn't?(them)

6.Lilyisagirl.studiesinaprimaryschool.brotherliveswithandhelpswithlessons,

(she)7.can'tfindbikes.Canyouhelp(we)?

7.Thisisn'tknife.isgreen,(she)8.Isthispencil-boxLiLei's?No,isverynew.(he)

8.Theseare(he)books,Kate.Putinthedesk,please.(they)

9.Wcateall(wc)sandwichesyesterday.Canwchaveoneof?(you)

10.isaboynameisMike.Mike'sfriendslikeverymuch,(he)

11.WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof.(we)

13.Theseare(he)planes.Thewhileonesare(I).

14.Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof(he).

15.Georgehaslost(he)pen.AskMaryifshewillgivehim.(she)

16.Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendof(they)arccomingtosee(we).

二、中考英語(yǔ)中的人稱(chēng)代詞和物主代詞考題

1.-IsthenovelJoumeytotheWestbook?-No,it'sHelen's.Ileftathome.

A.your,myB.yours,mineC.you,itD.your,mine

2.Someofthestickersbelongtome,whiletherestare.

A.himandherB.hisandherC.hisandhersD.himandhers

3.-Isthisniler?-No,isinmybag.

A.your;meB.yours;myC.your;mineD.yours;mine

4.Ted'smotherkepttellingTednottotelllies,butdidn'thel

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