Unit1ScienceandScientists單元練習(xí)課件高中英語人教版選擇性

單元練習(xí)Unit1ScienceandScientists基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Ifoundmysuitcasewhichwasnewlybought

outofshape,andits________(把手)wasbroken!2.Thecountryisfacing_______(嚴(yán)重的)economicproblemsduetothenaturaldisasters.3.I’msurethatmydreamofhavingsuchacarwith_________(多樣的)functionswillberealizedsoon.4.Itisunexpectedthatthepolicesearchedthe________(嫌疑人)butfoundnobombsonhim.出乎意料的是handleseveremultiplesuspect5.Itissaidthatpricesofvegetableshave__________(減少)by4%recently.6.Sometimesitmaybehelpfultouseexamplestoexplain_________(抽象的)concepts.7.Ifachangecanprotectusfromthepossiblevirus_________(傳染),whynotsupportit?8.Ofthe____________(杰出的)ladieslisted,whodoyouthinkisthemostimportantone?9.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’s______(錯(cuò)誤).10.Mary’sdescriptionofthepartywasso

______(生動(dòng)的)thatIfeltasifIhadbeenthere.decreasedabstractinfectionoutstandingfaultvividⅡ.單句語法填空1.Toomanyfactorscontributetothisserioussituation,amongwhich

heavyhomeworkismainly_________(blame).

2.Withoutyourtimely__________(assist),Iwouldbeintroublenow.3.Nomatterhow

_______(gift)youare,youalonecannotchangetheworld.4.TheTowerofLondonwasusedasapalace______theKingJamesⅠ.倫敦塔一直被用作宮殿，直到國王詹姆士一世。5.Forecasterssaythestormmaynotbeasbadasthey_________(initial)

predicted.toblameassistancegifteduntil

initially6.Howincredibleitistohavehutongs_____________(transform)intohigh-risebuildings!7.Weallsubscribe____theviewthathelpingotherswillbenefitourselvesaswell.8.Theyfelt___________(frustrate)atthelackofprogressdespitetheirlong-termefforts.transformed

to

frustrated

Ⅲ.選詞填空so...that...,breakout,inchargeof,thanksto,comedownwith,defendagainst,onceandforall1.Afterthewar

__________,thetwocountriesbrokeofftheirdiplomaticrelations.

2.Ithinkweshouldgetthemalloutofthewaytoday_______________.

3.Theytriedto______________theenemywithalltheirmight.

4.__________

yourhelp,weaccomplishedthetaskaheadofschedule.

5.Shetakescareofaclassandisalso____________

theadministrativework.

6.Theprogrammeis___

wonderful_____itishighlythoughtofbymanyviewers.7.Hemusthave_______________

acold,forhehasgotasorethroat.

brokeoutonceandforalldefendagainst

Thankstoinchargeofsothat

comedownwithⅣ.用正確的連接詞填空1.Themostimportantthingis_____youkeep

ahealthystateofmindasitwillhelpwithyourstudy.2.IlikebuyingbooksandCDsabouthimandthatis______Ispendmostofmypocketmoneyonthem.3.Thetruthis

_____everyonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong.4.ThereasonwhyIcouldn’ttakepartinthepromwas

_____Isuddenlyfellill.5.That’s

_______Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.that

why

that

that

where

6.Themostexcitingmoment

was

_______Iwasgiventhefirstprize.7.Evidently,theonlypossibilityis_____wehavenotunderstoodit.8.Obeyingthetrafficrulesis______allofusshouldpayattentiontoparticularly.9.MyfriendhadachancetomakeatriptoHongKong.Thefollowing

was______hehadseen.10.Somepeoplebelievethatmakingcontributionstothesociety

is_______theirhappinesslies.when

that

what

what

where

能力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀理解A[2024·十堰高二期末]

1.InMarch,2023,agroupofcomputerscientistspublishedanassessmentofanewchatbotwithartificialintelligence(AI).Theteam’sreportdrewglobalattentiontoonetestinparticular:Wehaveabook,nineeggs,alaptop,abottleandanail釘子,andpleasetellmehowtopile堆themontoeachotherinastable穩(wěn)定的manner.

Thisisatoughpuzzle.Earlierversionsofthechatbotgavesillyandunreasonableanswers.Butthenewchatbot’suniqueanswerhelpedsetoffthecurrentglobalwaveofAIadvocacyandanxiety.Itfueleddebateabouthowlargelanguagemodels(LLMs)wereabletoperformcreativetasks.但新聊天機(jī)器人的獨(dú)特答案幫助掀起了當(dāng)前全球人工智能倡導(dǎo)和焦慮的浪潮。它引發(fā)了關(guān)于大型語言模型(LLM)能夠執(zhí)行創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)的辯論。1.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewchatbot’sanswertothepuzzleinParagraph1?A.Itwassilly.B.Itsetpeoplethinking.C.Itdrewlittleattention.D.Ithighlightedlanguageinnovation.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But...reativetasks.”可知,新聊天機(jī)器人對謎題的答案引起人們思考。

2.By2022,LLMswerebeingtrainedonasmanyas17trillionwordsofhuman-generatedtext,mainlyfromtheInternet.Itwascertainthatthenewchatbotwasexposedtofunctionalfixedness(功能固著)problemsinitstraining.Theresearcherswereofcourseawareof

thatandinventedthe“eggsandlaptop”puzzletopreventthenewchatbotfromdishonestlycopyingananswerfromtheInternet.LLMsusedlanguagestatisticsonly.Noonehadsaidhowtopilethesenineeggsontopofeachothereverbefore.TheextremerarityofthosewordswouldtendtopreventLLMsfromtalkingaboutpilingeggsinunrealisticways.Oneoftheresearchersthattestedthenewchatbotthinksit’slikelythatanLLMtrainedontrillionsofwordscreatesaworldmodel,andthisiswhatgivesitthe“magical”extrapolation(外推)properties.2.Whydidtheresearchersinventthe“eggsandlaptop”puzzle?A.Tocopyonlineanswers.B.Tostopthechatbotcheating.C.Totrainhumanstouselanguage.D.Toexposethechatbottofunctionalproblems.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearcherswereofcours....Internet.”可知,研究人員發(fā)明“雞蛋和筆記本電腦”的謎題是為了阻止聊天機(jī)器人作弊。研究人員當(dāng)然意識到了這一點(diǎn)，并發(fā)明了“雞蛋和筆記本電腦”謎題，以防止新的聊天機(jī)器人不誠實(shí)地從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上復(fù)制答案。

3.AreLLMstrulyoriginal

原創(chuàng)的oraretheyjustplagiarists(剽竊者)?Thetwostatementsmaynotbeasdifferentastheyseem.There’snothingentirelynewunderthesun.Edisondidnotinventthelightbulbbutimprovedit.Mostso-calledcreatorsapplyknowledgefromdifferentfieldstoaproblemandarriveatasolution.It’smoreamatterofmakingrelevantconnectionsthanofinventingsomethingcompletelynew.IfLLMsareindeedacquiringtheabilitytomakerelevantconnections,thatwouldbeahistoricbutdiscomfortingdevelopment.LLM是真正的原創(chuàng)還是只是抄襲？這兩種說法可能并不像看起來那樣不同。太陽底下沒有全新的事物。愛迪生沒有發(fā)明燈泡，而是改進(jìn)了它。大多數(shù)所謂的創(chuàng)造者將不同領(lǐng)域的知識應(yīng)用于一個(gè)問題并得出解決方案。與其說是發(fā)明全新的東西，不如說是建立相關(guān)的聯(lián)系。如果LLM真的獲得了建立相關(guān)聯(lián)系的能力，那將是一個(gè)歷史性但令人不安的發(fā)展。3.Whatdoestheauthorconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Howaninventioncameintobeing.B.HowEdisonbecamesuccessfulinhistory.C.WhyEdisoninventedsomethingentirelynew.D.Whyaninventionrequiredeffortandopportunity.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“There’snothingentirelynewunderthesun...thatwouldbeahistoricbutdiscomfortingdevelopment.”可知,作者在最后一段想表達(dá)一項(xiàng)發(fā)明是如何產(chǎn)生的。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WillRobotsReplaceHumans?B.CanRobotsDevelopSmoothly?C.CanAIComeUpWithAnythingOriginal?D.WillAISolveMagicalAndDifficultProblems?【解析】選C。最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)最后一段“AreLLMstrulyoriginaloraretheyjustplagiarists?Thetwostatementsmaynotbeasdifferentastheyseem.”并結(jié)合文章可知,主要說明了一群計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家通過一個(gè)“雞蛋和筆記本”的問題,來測試新聊天機(jī)器人是否可以進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作?？芍?C項(xiàng)“人工智能能創(chuàng)造出原創(chuàng)的東西嗎?”最符合文章標(biāo)題。B[2024·武漢部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高二期末]

2.MarieCurieisrememberedtodayforherpioneeringworkonradioactivity,whichnotonlyearnedhertwoNobelPrizesbutalsotherecognitionasthe“motherofmodernphysics”.Butwhileherresearchintotheradioactiveelementspoloniumandradiummayhavesecuredheralastingscientificlegacy,thosesamesubstanceshavealsohadalastingeffectonherbody.瑪麗·居里今天因?yàn)樗诜派湫苑矫娴拈_創(chuàng)性工作而被人們懷念，這不僅使她獲得了兩次諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，而且被公認(rèn)為“現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)之母”。但是，雖然她對放射性元素釙和鐳的研究可能為她留下了永久的科學(xué)遺產(chǎn)，但這些物質(zhì)也對她的身體產(chǎn)生了持久的影響。5.WecaninferfromthetextthatMarieCurie_______.

A.investedamountsofmoneyinherresearchB.wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforradiumprecautionC.iscreditedwiththedevelopmentofcancertreatmentD.abandonedherresearchafterherhusband’ssuddendeath

2.Then,in1911,aftermuchpersonaltragedy(PierreCuriehaddiedsuddenlyin1906),CuriewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryforisolatingpureradium.Shewouldgoontodevoteherresearchtothestudyofthechemistryofradioactivesubstancesaswellastheirapplicationsinmedicine.Infact,ifitwerenotforCurie’swork,ourtreatmentsforcancerwouldlikelynotbeanywherenearasdevelopedastheyaretoday.Butdespiteadvocatingprecautions(預(yù)防),Curie’sconsistentandprolongedexposuretothesesubstancescameatacost.事實(shí)上，如果沒有居里夫人的工作，我們對癌癥的治療可能不會(huì)像今天這樣發(fā)達(dá)。但是盡管提倡預(yù)防措施(預(yù)防)，居里持續(xù)長時(shí)間接觸這些物質(zhì)是有代價(jià)的。5.WecaninferfromthetextthatMarieCurie_______.

A.investedamountsofmoneyinherresearchB.wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforradiumprecautionC.iscreditedwiththedevelopmentofcancertreatmentD.abandonedherresearchafterherhusband’ssuddendeath【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Infact.....aretoday.”可推測出,居里的工作對如今癌癥治療的發(fā)展是功不可沒的。

3.MarieCuriediedonJuly4,1934,fromaplasticanemia(再生障礙性貧血)causedbyherworkwithradiation.Despiteitsname,aplasticanemiaismorethanjustanemia;itisararebloodconditionthatappearswhenbonemarrowcannotmakeenoughnewbloodcellsforyourbodytofunctionproperly.WhenCuriedied,herbodywassoradioactivethatshehadtobelaidtorestinalead-lined(鉛封的)coffin.However,nooneknewthisuntil1995whenhercoffinwasunearthed.瑪麗·居里于1934年7月4日死于輻射工作引起的再生障礙性貧血。盡管它的名字，再生障礙性貧血不僅僅是貧血；這是一種罕見的血液疾病，當(dāng)骨髓不能產(chǎn)生足夠的新血細(xì)胞來維持身體正常功能時(shí)就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。居里夫人去世時(shí)，她的身體放射性很強(qiáng)，所以她不得不被安葬在襯鉛的棺材里。然而，直到1995年她的棺木出土，才有人知道這件事。6.Whatcanweknowabouttheexhumation[?ekshju:'me??n]officials?掘尸官員A.Theyoverestimatedtheactualradiationlevel.B.Theywerenotlicensedfortheexhumationwork.C.Theyhadnoregardforthesafetyoftheirworkers.D.Theywerepreviouslyinformedofthelead-linedcoffin.

4.Atthetime,theFrenchauthoritieswantedtomovetheCuriestothenationalcemetery,thePantheon,inhonoroftheircontributionstoscienceandforbeinggreatfiguresinFrenchhistory.Theofficialsresponsiblefortheexhumation(掘尸)contactedtheFrenchradiationprotectionagency

withconcernsaboutremainingradiationandaskedforassistancetoprotectworkersinthecemetery.當(dāng)時(shí)，法國當(dāng)局想把居里夫婦移到國家公墓，萬神殿，以紀(jì)念他們對科學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)和法國歷史上的偉大人物。負(fù)責(zé)掘尸的官員出于對殘留輻射的擔(dān)憂，聯(lián)系了法國輻射防護(hù)局，請求協(xié)助保護(hù)墓地中的工作人員。6.Whatcanweknowabouttheexhumation[?ekshju:'me??n]officials?掘尸官員A.They

overestimatedtheactualradiationlevel.B.Theywerenotlicensedfortheexhumationwork.被許可C.Theyhadnoregardforthesafetyoftheirworkers.不考慮D.Theywerepreviouslyinformedofthelead-linedcoffin.被告知

5.Whentheexhumersapproachedthegrave,theydetectednormallevelsofradiationontheair,whichthenroseasthegravewasopened(thoughnotbylargeamounts).Atfirst,MarieCurie’scoffinappearedtobemadeofwood,butwhenopened,theyfounditwaslinedwith2.5millimeters(0.09inches)oflead.LaterexaminationofCurie’sbodyrevealedthatshehadremainedremarkablywellpreservedandonlysmalllevelsofalphaandbetacontaminationweredetected.This,accordingtoThe

Journal

of

British

Society

for

the

History

of

Radiology,waslikelybecauseCuriehadtakenstepstolimitexposuretoradiationinlaterlife.當(dāng)挖掘者接近墳?zāi)箷r(shí)，他們檢測到空氣中的輻射水平正常，隨后隨著墳?zāi)贡淮蜷_，輻射水平上升(盡管幅度不大)。起初，瑪麗·居里的棺材看起來是木頭做的，但當(dāng)打開時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)里面襯有2.5毫米(0.09英寸)的鉛。后來對居里夫人遺體的檢查顯示，她的遺體保存得非常好，只檢測到少量的阿爾法和貝塔污染。根據(jù)《英國放射史學(xué)會(huì)雜志》的說法，這可能是因?yàn)榫永锓蛉艘呀?jīng)采取措施限制晚年暴露在輻射下。6.Whatcanweknowabouttheexhumation[?ekshju:'me??n]officials?掘尸官員A.They

overestimatedtheactualradiationlevel.B.Theywerenotlicensedfortheexhumationwork.被許可C.Theyhadnoregardforthesafetyoftheirworkers.不考慮D.Theywerepreviouslyinformedofthelead-linedcoffin.被告知【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Theofficialsresponsiblefortheexhumation...toprotectworkersinthecemetery.”和最后一段“Whentheexhumersapproachedthegrave...asthegravewasopened(thoughnotbylargeamounts).”可知,負(fù)責(zé)挖掘的官員擔(dān)心棺材中的輻射高,所以請求法國輻射保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu)協(xié)助,但挖掘者發(fā)現(xiàn)墳?zāi)怪車妮椛渌秸?打開墳?zāi)购筝椛渌接兴仙?但也不是很高。由此可推測出,他們高估了實(shí)際的輻射水平。7.WhyonlysmalllevelsofradiationweredetectedfromCurie’sbody?A.Herbodyremainedremarkablywellpreserved.B.Curiewaslessexposedtoradiationinlaterlife.C.Theexhumerslackedadequateassistancetechnically.D.Thelead-linedcoffinprotectsherbodyfromradiation.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“This,accordingtoThe

Journal

of

British

Society

for

the

History

of

Radiology,waslikelybecauseCuriehadtakenstepstolimitexposuretoradiationinlaterlife.”可知,居里晚年時(shí)采取措施限制接觸輻射,所以尸體輻射水平低。

5.Whenthe...LaterexaminationofCurie’sbody

revealedthatshehadremainedremarkablywellpreservedandonlysmalllevelsofalphaandbetacontaminationweredetected.This,accordingto

The

Journal

of

British

Society

for

the

History

of

Radiology,waslikelybecauseCuriehadtakenstepstolimitexposuretoradiationinlaterlife.當(dāng)挖掘者接近墳?zāi)箷r(shí)，他們檢測到空氣中的輻射水平正常，隨后隨著墳?zāi)贡淮蜷_，輻射水平上升(盡管幅度不大)。起初，瑪麗·居里的棺材看起來是木頭做的，但當(dāng)打開時(shí)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)里面襯有2.5毫米(0.09英寸)的鉛。后來對居里夫人遺體的檢查顯示，她的遺體保存得非常好，只檢測到少量的阿爾法和貝塔污染。根據(jù)《英國放射史學(xué)會(huì)雜志》的說法，這可能是因?yàn)榫永锓蛉艘呀?jīng)采取措施限制晚年暴露在輻射下。8.WhichwordscanbestdescribeMarieCuriebasedonthetext?A.Remarkablebutcareless.

B.Successfulbutaggressive.C.Ambitiousandconsiderate.

D.Committedandpersistent.A.卓越但粗心大意。b.成功但有進(jìn)取心。C.野心勃勃，體貼入微。d.堅(jiān)定和堅(jiān)持不懈?！窘馕觥窟xD。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Then,in1911,aftermuchpersonaltragedy...aswellastheirapplicationsinmedicine.”和“Butdespiteadvocatingprecautions,Curie’sconsistentandprolongedexposuretothesesubstancescameatacost.”可知,瑪麗·居里經(jīng)歷了丈夫的去世后獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng),但她沒有停滯不前,而是繼續(xù)致力于研究,由于長期持續(xù)接觸輻射,她的身體受到了影響。由此可推測出,瑪麗·居里是一位非常堅(jiān)定執(zhí)著的科學(xué)家。【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文?，旣悺ぞ永锓蛉嗽诜派湫苑矫娴难芯苛粝铝藢氋F的科學(xué)遺產(chǎn),但放射性元素也對她的身體造成了持久影響。她去世后,因?yàn)樯眢w具有輻射,所以不得不被放入鉛封的棺材里,但直到她的棺木出土?xí)r人們才知道這一真相。挖掘者發(fā)現(xiàn)她的尸身保存完好,只檢測到少量的α和β污染,這可能因?yàn)樗谕砟瓴扇×舜胧┫拗平佑|輻射。A.ButhowdidartdifferfromscienceforEinstein?但對愛因斯坦來說,藝術(shù)和科學(xué)有何不同?B.Instead,itcamefromintuitionandinspiration.相反,它來自直覺和靈感C.Mynewdiscoveryistheresultofmusicalinsight.我的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是音樂洞察力

的結(jié)果D.Thereisnodoubtthatmytheorywasagreatbreakthroughthen.毫無疑問，我的理論在當(dāng)時(shí)是一個(gè)巨大的突破E.Einsteinhimselfworkedintuitivelyandexpressedhimselflogically.愛因斯坦本人憑直覺工作,用邏輯表達(dá)自己F.Einsteinalsoowedhisscientificinsightandintuitionmainlytomusic.

愛因斯坦將他的科學(xué)洞察力和直覺主要?dú)w功于音樂G.ForEinstein,itwasthehumanitiesthatmainlycontributedtohisachievements.對愛因斯坦來說，主要是人文學(xué)科促成了他的成就。Ⅱ.七選五[2024·通州高二期末]Einstein’s

Opinions

on

Creative

Thinking

“Thegreatestscientistsareartistsaswell,”saidAlbertEinstein,oneofthegreatestphysicistsandanamateur業(yè)余的pianistandviolinist.

ForEinstein,insight洞察力

didnotcomefromlogicormathematics.__1__Ashetoldonefriend,“Allgreatachievementsofsciencemuststartfromintuitive(直覺的)knowledge.Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”

1.【解析】選B。B.Instead,itcamefromintuitionandinspiration.根據(jù)上文“ForEinstein,insightdidnotcomefromlogicormathematics.”并結(jié)合后文“Allgreatachievementsofsciencemuststartfromintuitiveknowledge.Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.”可知,空處順接前文,說明愛因斯坦認(rèn)為洞察力應(yīng)來自于直覺。B項(xiàng)“相反,它來自直覺和靈感?！狈险Z境。

__2__Surprisingly,itwasn’tthecontentofanidea,oritssubject,thatdeterminedwhethersomethingwasartorscience,buthowtheideawasexpressed.Ifwhatisseenandexperiencedisdescribedinthelanguageoflogic,thenitisscience.Ifitiscommunicatedandrecognizedintuitively,thenitisart.__3__That’swhyhesaidthatgreatscientistswerealsoartists.

2.【解析】選A。A.ButhowdidartdifferfromscienceforEinstein?下文“Surprisingly,...wasexpressed.”說明決定某件事是藝術(shù)還是科學(xué)是根據(jù)想法是如何表達(dá)的?？仗幰隽讼挛年P(guān)于藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的區(qū)別的論述。A項(xiàng)中“artdifferfromscience”和下文的“whethersomethingwasartorscience”相呼應(yīng),而A項(xiàng)的這個(gè)問題“但對愛因斯坦來說,藝術(shù)和科學(xué)有何不同?”正好引出本段的主題。3.【解析】選E。Einsteinhimselfworkedintuitivelyandexpressedhimselflogically.上文“Ifwhatisseen..thenitisart.”說明藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的不同?？仗庬樈由衔?和下文形成因果關(guān)系。E項(xiàng)中的“workedintuitivelyandexpressedhimselflogically”和上文“看到和經(jīng)歷的是用邏輯的語言描述的就是科學(xué),它被直觀地傳達(dá)和識別,那么它就是藝術(shù)”相呼應(yīng),表明愛因斯坦本人憑直覺工作,用邏輯表達(dá)自己,也是下文他被稱為偉大的科學(xué)家,也是藝術(shù)家的原因

__4__“IfIwerenotaphysicist,”heoncesaid,“Iwouldprobablybeamusician.IoftenthinkinmusicandIseemylifeintermsofmusic.Igetmostjoyinlifeoutofmusic.”MusicprovidedEinsteinwithaconnectionbetweentimeandspace,whichbothcombinespatial(空間的)andstructuralaspects.“Thetheoryofrelativityoccurredtomebyintuitionandmusicisthedrivingforcebehindthisintuition,”saidEinstein.“MyparentshadmestudytheviolinfromthetimeIwassix.__5__”

“我憑直覺想到了相對論，而音樂是這種直覺背后的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，”4.【解析】選F。Einsteinalsoowedhisscientificinsightandintuitionmainlytomusic.下文“IfIwerenotaphysicist,”heoncesaid,“Iwouldprobablybeamusician.IoftenthinkinmusicandIseemylifeintermsofmusic.Igetmostjoyinlifeoutofmusic.”說明音樂對愛因斯坦幫助很大。F項(xiàng)“愛因斯坦將他的科學(xué)洞察力和直覺主要?dú)w功于音樂?！边m合作本段的主旨句。5.【解析】選C。Mynewdiscoveryistheresultofmusicalinsight.上文“‘Thetheoryofrelativityoccurredtomebyintuitionandmusicisthedrivingforcebehindthisintuition,’saidEinstein.”說明音樂對他的工作產(chǎn)生的積極影響?？仗幊薪由衔?說明了愛因斯坦是靠音樂才有了新發(fā)現(xiàn),而且和本段音樂對他的幫助的主題相符合。C項(xiàng)“我的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是音樂洞察力的結(jié)果?！狈险Z境。Ⅲ.完形填空[2024·福州高二期末]

ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.Trujillo,however,isanaerospace__1__wholeadsateamattheNASAlaboratory__2__fortheroboticarmofthelatestMarsrover(火星探測器).

HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto__3__exploringit?That’s

ataleof__4__writteninthestars.

宇航員

B.pilot飛行員 C.engineer工程師 D.guide導(dǎo)游【解析】選C。根據(jù)下文“Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.”可知,Trujillo是美國宇航局工程師。迫切的 B.responsibleC.concerned擔(dān)憂

D.grateful感激【解析】選B。rujillo領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)最新火星探測器的機(jī)械臂。真正地

B.hardly幾乎不

C.accurately準(zhǔn)確地

D.repeatedly反復(fù)地【解析】選A。可知,Trujillo的夢想變成了現(xiàn)實(shí),在現(xiàn)實(shí)中真正地探索宇宙。創(chuàng)新

B.kindness善意

C.passion熱情 D.sympathy同情【解析】選C。根據(jù)文章開頭“ForalittlegirlgrowingupinColombia,asciencecareerwithNASAmayseemimpossible.”可知,對于一個(gè)女孩要進(jìn)入美國宇航局工作是非常難的一件事,而這個(gè)女孩做到了。所以此處表達(dá)她的整個(gè)經(jīng)歷充滿了激情。

Bornin1983,evenasayounggirlTrujillowas__5__ofherpassionforscience.Butshedoubtedhowfarshe’dbeableto__6__inamale-dominatedfield.ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.Only17atthetime,she__7__theoffer.

確定 B.approved支持 C.afraid 害怕 D.fond喜歡【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文“HowdidTrujillogofromsimplydreamingabouttheuniverseto_______exploringit?”可知,她一直夢想著探索宇宙,結(jié)合此句中的even,所以此處表示甚至在她還很小時(shí),就確定了對科學(xué)的追求和喜愛。

回復(fù)

B.rise上升

C.invest投資

D.apply應(yīng)用【解析】選B。根據(jù)“inamale-dominatedfield”可知,在這樣一個(gè)男性主導(dǎo)的領(lǐng)域里,Trujillo不知道她的努力和堅(jiān)持能讓自己走多遠(yuǎn),地位能提高多少。7.A.madeup組成B.turnedup出現(xiàn)C.pickedup撿起 D.tookup接受【解析】選D。根據(jù)“ThenherdadofferedtosendhertoMiami.”(她爸爸提出送她去邁阿密)和下文“Trujillotookaseriesofhousekeeping_________toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”提到她去邁阿密上大學(xué),可知此處表示,她接受了爸爸讓她去邁阿密的提議。

Trujillotookaseriesof

housekeeping__8__toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.Sometimesshewascleaningbathroomstohelppayherwaythroughher__9__.Butshedidn’t__10__“Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity.”

措施 B.activities活動(dòng)C.jobs D.courses課程【解析】選C。根據(jù)“toputherselfthroughMiamiDadeCollege.”可知,她給別人做家務(wù)活,也就是通過家務(wù)工作,掙錢讓自己完成學(xué)業(yè)。9.A.studies B.purchases購買C.recreations娛樂 D.trips【解析】選A。根據(jù)“Sometimesshewascleaningbathrooms”可知,Trujillo通過打掃浴室?guī)椭约簰赍X完成學(xué)業(yè)。澄清 B.fear害怕 C.perceive感知

D.complain抱怨【解析】選D。根據(jù)“Isaweverythingcomingmywayasanopportunity”可知,她把遇到的一切都當(dāng)作機(jī)會(huì),所以盡管學(xué)業(yè)完成不易,但是她不抱怨。使完成，使上大學(xué)Thencameanotherlife-changingmoment.ShebecamethefirstHispanic(西班牙語的)womantobe__11__totheNASAAcademy.Later,shebecameanengineeratNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.

WhenthePerseverancerover__12__onthesurfaceofMars,itwas__13__bycommentary(解說)fromTrujilloinNASA’sfirst-everSpanish-language__14__.

Trujillo’sownstoryis__15__thatjustbeyondthebarrierliesanentireuniverseofopportunitieswaitingforanyonewillingtoworkhardenoughtoreachforthestars.

11.A.applied申請

運(yùn)用

B.admitted錄取

C.assigned 布置

分配 D.introduced介紹【解析】選B。被美國宇航局學(xué)院錄取,這是她人生的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。12.A.originated起源

B.generated產(chǎn)生

C.landed著陸

D.waited等待【解析】選C。根據(jù)“onthesurfaceofMars”可知,此處表示的是“毅力號”在火星表面著陸。13.A.accompanied 伴隨 B.distracted分散C.estimated評估 D.occupied占據(jù)【解析】選A?？芍?此處表示的是“毅力號”著陸時(shí),同時(shí)伴隨著廣播中Trujillo的西班牙語的解說。

理論B.broadcast廣播

C.comment 評價(jià)

D.performance表現(xiàn)【解析】選B。根據(jù)“itwas_______bycommentaryfromTrujilloinNASA’sfirst-everSpanish-language”可知,“毅力號”在火星著陸時(shí),同時(shí)伴隨著廣播中Trujillo用西班牙語所做的解說。

事業(yè) B.information信息C.competence能力 D.proof證明【解析】選D。她的故事是一種證明,表明了越過障礙,有一個(gè)充滿機(jī)遇的宇宙在等待著任何愿意努力工作去接近星辰的人。語法填空[2023·臺州高二期末]

Museumsinspiredreams—tobecomeanastronaut,an1.________________(astronomy),oranaerospaceengineer.Butcantheyalsohelpprovideapathwaytothosegoals?

1.【解析】astronomer。句意:博物館激發(fā)人們成為宇航員、天文學(xué)家或航天工程師的夢想。an后跟可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,此處意為“天文學(xué)家”,是astronomer。

Forstudentsseeingeverything2._________