語(yǔ)法一　名詞+考點(diǎn)2　名詞的數(shù)+名詞的所有格課件 中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題探究

語(yǔ)法一名詞第2部分語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題探究考點(diǎn)精講試題精練鏈接中考考點(diǎn)2名詞的數(shù)考點(diǎn)精講1.可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化分類(lèi)情況變化規(guī)則例子一般情況在詞尾加-sbiscuit→①____________(2024.28),feeling→feelings(2024.76),foreigner→foreigners(2023.77)以字母s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-esbus→buses,brush→brushes,watch→②___________，box→③____________特例：stomach→stomachsbiscuits

watches

boxes

分類(lèi)情況變化規(guī)則例子以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-stoy→toys,day→days,key→④____________以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i，再加-esbaby→babies,family→families,factory→⑤____________keys

factories

分類(lèi)情況變化規(guī)則例子以字母f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs變f/fe為v，再加-es【巧學(xué)妙記】妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)嚇得發(fā)了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片樹(shù)葉(leaf)遮目光。兩者皆可scarf→scarfs/scarves分類(lèi)情況變化規(guī)則例子以o結(jié)尾的名詞表示有生命的人和事物的詞加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→⑥____________【巧學(xué)妙記】英雄愛(ài)吃土豆和西紅柿。表示無(wú)生命的事物的詞加-sphoto→⑦_(dá)___________，piano→pianostomatoes

photos

【注意】(1)有些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，不是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如：physics物理maths數(shù)學(xué)politics政治news新聞(2)chopsticks,glasses(眼鏡),scissors,trousers,jeans等詞一般以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但若被apairof修飾，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。(3)常見(jiàn)的集體名詞①形式為單數(shù)，但意義可以為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，如family,public,class,crowd,team,couple等。當(dāng)它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的每一個(gè)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：②形式為單數(shù)，但意義一般為復(fù)數(shù)，如people,police,staff等。如：Thepolicearetryingtofindasolution.警方正在努力尋找解決辦法。(2)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化分類(lèi)情況例子a→eman→men,woman→women,policeman→⑧____________oo→eefoot→⑨____________，tooth→teeth單復(fù)數(shù)同形sheep,deer特例：fish(指條數(shù))→fish,fish(指種類(lèi))→fishes,fish(指魚(yú)肉)是不可數(shù)名詞特殊變化mouse→mice,child→childrenpolicemen

feet

分類(lèi)情況例子某國(guó)人Chinese→Chinese,Japanese→Japanese,Englishman→Englishmen,Frenchman→Frenchmen【巧學(xué)妙記】中日不變英法變，其余-s加后面。復(fù)合名詞第一部分是man或woman時(shí)，兩部分都變復(fù)數(shù)形式Amanteacher→twomenteachers,awomandoctor→two⑩_____________把后面的中心詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式Agirlstudent→twogirlstudents,anappletree→two?_________womendoctors

appletrees

2.不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，且不能用基數(shù)詞或a/an直接修飾。

(1)不可數(shù)名詞的量化，即“數(shù)詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞”變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，把a(bǔ)/an變?yōu)榫唧w數(shù)詞，量詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如：aglass/boxofmilk一杯/盒牛奶twoglassesofwater兩杯水(2)既可作可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞的詞常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)名詞有：名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)time次數(shù)；倍數(shù)時(shí)間；時(shí)刻experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)paper報(bào)紙；試卷；論文紙張life性命；一生生命；生物glass眼鏡；玻璃杯玻璃wood樹(shù)林木頭；木材名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)room房間空間orange橙子橙汁exercise習(xí)題；練習(xí)鍛煉；運(yùn)動(dòng)work作品工作chicken雞雞肉word單詞；說(shuō)的話消息(3)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的常見(jiàn)限定詞類(lèi)別例子只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的限定詞many很多several一些few不多；很少afew一些a(great/large)numberof許多acoupleof一對(duì)只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞much很多l(xiāng)ittle很少；極少量的alittle少量alargeamountof大量的agreatdealof很多abitof一點(diǎn)兒兩者皆可修飾的限定詞all全部some一些most大多數(shù)的alotof/lotsof很多plentyof大量，眾多鏈接中考名詞的數(shù)在選詞填空中的應(yīng)用(必考，每年2～3道)廣西中考的選詞填空往往考查2～3個(gè)名詞，近兩年均考查了名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。【解題思路】(1)首先，判斷空格處所填單詞為可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞；(2)若為不可數(shù)名詞(無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式)，可直接填入；(3)若為可數(shù)名詞，需判斷應(yīng)填單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式。方法如下：填單數(shù)形式(1)a/an/one＋名詞單數(shù)；(2)this/that/every/each/either/another＋名詞單數(shù)；(3)名詞單數(shù)(作主語(yǔ))＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。如：

Kate’s①____________(desk)isingoodorderandeverythingisinitsproperplace.desk

填復(fù)數(shù)形式(1)大于1的基數(shù)詞＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)；(2)many/these/those/few/both/all/several等限定詞＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)；(3)alotof/anumberof/acoupleof/apairof/“oneof(＋the＋形容詞最高級(jí))”等＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)；(4)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(作主語(yǔ))＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：Chinesefamily②____________(member)usuallyliketogettogether,especiallyduringfestivals.【注意】

若空格前沒(méi)有上述標(biāo)志詞，可根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境或隱形標(biāo)志詞(原詞、近反義詞、上下義詞、語(yǔ)義關(guān)聯(lián)詞等)來(lái)決定所填名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。members

celebrate

close

feeling

they

favorite

write

quietly

radio

because

without(2024廣西76題、81題選詞填空節(jié)選)Musichasmagic.Differentkindsofmusicbringyoudifferent76.____________.Forexample,rockmusicmakesyouexcitedwhileclassicalmusicmakesyourelaxed…It’seasytogetmusicinyourlife.Youcanjustturnonthe81.____________andlistentodifferentkindsofmusicforfun.解析：76題：根據(jù)“Forexample,rockmusicmakesyouexcited…”可知，不同的音樂(lè)會(huì)帶給你不同的感覺(jué)，所以此空選feeling，又因空前有different，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填feelings。81題：根據(jù)下文“l(fā)istentodifferentkindsofmusic”和備選詞可推斷，你可以打開(kāi)收音機(jī)收聽(tīng)不同類(lèi)型的音樂(lè)。故填名詞radio。試題精練一、選詞填空基礎(chǔ)練hero

confidence

term

leaf

womandoor

paper

video

sheep

tourist1.I’dliketowritesomething.Pleasegivemeapieceof________．2.The________arefedwellbythefarmer.Allofthemlookfat.3.(2024成都改編)Forashystudent,ittakes_____________togiveaspeechinclass.4．Moreandmore___________cometovisitXinjiangthisyearbecauseoftheTVshow.paper

sheep

confidence

tourists

5.Inautumn,the_________ofthetreesalongtheriverturnyellow.6.(2024安徽改編)Every_______isanewbeginningforallthestudentsandteachers.7.Ourhospitalneedsseveral________doctors.Youcanaskyourdaughtertohaveatry.8.Youcanlearntocookbywatchingsome_________aboutmakingdeliciousfoodonDouyin.9.(2024自貢改編)It’sgoodtoopenthe_______andthewindowinthemorningtoletfreshairin.10.(2024達(dá)州改編)Alotof_________losttheiryounglivesforthelong-lastingpeaceofourcountry.leaves

term

women

videos

door

heroes

二、選詞填空微語(yǔ)篇(2024湖北改編)(主題：人與自然·首屆垃圾收集世界杯難度：★★★用時(shí)：5分鐘)根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。每個(gè)單詞只能用一次。country

problem

animal

idea

lifeDoyoubelievepickinguprubbishhasbecomeaworldcompetition?InNovemberof2023,thefirstSpoGomiWorldCupwasheldinAsia.TeamsfromJapanand20other1.____________tookpartinit.Accordingtotherules,eachteamwillhave90minutestocollectrubbishasmuchascountries

possible.Britainfinallywonthefirstprize.“Wehopemorepeoplearoundtheworldwillpayattentiontoallkindsofenvironmental2.________，”saidaBritishteammember.WhenKen,thefounder(創(chuàng)始人)ofthecompetition,wasinterviewed,hetalkedabouthowhecameupwiththe3._______.Yearsago,hefoundmanysea4.__________diedaftertheyatetherubbishinthesea.Sohestartedtopickuprubbishonhiswaytothebeacheverymorning.“Pickingupapieceofrubbishmaysaveaturtle’s(海龜?shù)?5._____.It’salsoagoodwaytokeepthebeachclean,”Kensaid.problems

idea

animals

life

三、選詞填空(主題：人與自我·臺(tái)上十分鐘，臺(tái)下十年功難度：★★★★用時(shí)：8分鐘)根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。每個(gè)單詞只能用一次。practice

journey

course

actor

weight

skill

pronunciation

foot

time

chanceWhenIwaseightyearsold,IbecameinterestedinBeijingopera.WhenIwatchedthose1._________dancingandsingingbeautifullyonTV,Iwastouched.ItoldmymomthatIwantedtolearnthewonderfulart,actors

andshesentmetotakea(n)2._________inBeijingopera.Iwasveryexcited.Sincethen,I’vebeenonmy3.__________oflearningBeijingoperaforfiveyears.Duringthoseyears,Ihadtowakeupatsixo’clockeverymorningtoimprovethekey4._________，suchaslegexercises,voicetrainingandsoon.Whenpracticinghandstands(倒立),allthe5._________wasonmyarmsandIalmostcried.Andtomakemy6.________________better,Ireadthelinesloudlyandquickly.Itmademymouthhurt,butIdidn’tgiveup.course

journey

skills

weight

pronunciation

Once,Ifelldownandhurtmytwo7._______andkneeswhilepracticing.Thatmadeitdifficultformetogoupanddownstairsforalong8._____．Asthesayinggoes,“Oneminuteonstageneedstenyears’9.________offstage.”AllthehardworkwasworthitwhenIgota(n)10._________toperformBeijingoperainpublic.Lastmonth,IperformedapartfromThe

Drunken

Concubine(《貴妃醉酒》)duringashowonTV.Beijingoperaputstogetherdifferentpartsoftheaterlikewriting,music,paintingandcostumes.Thecharm(魅力)andbeautyofthisartformistimeless(永恒的).feet

time

practice

chance

考點(diǎn)精講試題精練

名詞所有格考點(diǎn)精講1.-’s所有格類(lèi)別用法例子單數(shù)名詞一般在詞尾加’stheboy’smother這個(gè)男孩的母親，Jack’sbook杰克的書(shū)，

①____________(yesterday)newspaper昨天的報(bào)紙復(fù)數(shù)名詞以-s結(jié)尾的加’these②____________(customer)requirements這些顧客們的要求，twohours’rest兩小時(shí)的休息不以-s結(jié)尾的加’sChildren’sDay兒童節(jié)，Women’sDay婦女節(jié)yesterday’s

customers’

類(lèi)別用法例子表示某物為每個(gè)人各自所有各名詞詞尾均需加’sJane’sandLucy’spencils簡(jiǎn)的鉛筆和露西的鉛筆表示某物為幾個(gè)人共同擁有在最后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加’sLucyandLily’sroom露西和莉莉的房間表示某人的家、診所、店鋪等在詞尾加’s,且常常省略其后的名詞myuncle’s我叔叔家，thedoctor