LEC術(shù)語大賽官方測試復(fù)習(xí)試題含答案

LEC術(shù)語大賽官方測試復(fù)習(xí)試題含答案1.NextFriend（）[單選題]*A.Apersonconvictedofamisdemeanor.B.Ahumanbeing,asopposedtoartificialorfictitious"person":suchascorporations.C.Apersonappointedbythecourttoappearonbehalfofaminororincompetentpersonwhoisaplaintiffinacivilaction.(正確答案)D.Thetermisusedgenerallywithtwomeanings:nearestbloodrelationsaccordingtolawofconsanguinityandthoseentitledtotakeunderstatutorydistributionofintestates'estates.答案解析：NextFriend意為"訴訟代理人",其由法庭指定，代表在民事訴訟中未成年人或無民事行為能力的被告。2.Probono（）[單選題]*A.Atermusedtodescribelegalservicesprovidedtoaclientfreeofcharge.(正確答案)B.Referstoapendingcaseoverwhichthecourthasnoeffectivecontrol.C.Referstocourtsthathavenolimitonthetypesofcriminalandcivilcasestheymayhear.D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2014/5第9題。Probono指“(法律等專業(yè)性)無償服務(wù)”,是拉丁語表達(dá)方式，也用于描述免費提供幫助或服務(wù)。選項A:Atermusedtodescribelegalservicesprovidedtoaclientfreeofcharge符合題意，為正確答案。另見例句：TheOhioSupremeCourtChiefJusticecalledonlawyersinthestatetoprovideprobonoassistancetothesepeople.俄亥俄州最高法院首席大法官呼吁該州律師無償為這些人提供幫助。3.Probonois（）[單選題]*A.Astatementassertingorprotectingalegalright.B.Arulethatamatteroncejudiciallydecidedisfinallyandconclusivelydecidedandcannotberelitigated.C.Thedoctrinewhichholdsthatanemployerorprincipalisresponsiblefortheactsandomissionsofemployeesoragents,whenthoseactsarewithinthescopeoftheirdutiesasemployeesoragents.D.Forthepublicgoodorforthewelfareofthewhole,usuallyreferringtovoluntaryservicerenderedbyattorneys(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2010/5第5題。probono〈拉〉為做善事用于描述免費提供幫助或服務(wù)。4.NextFriend（）[單選題]*A.Apersonappointedbythecourttoappearonbehalfofaminororincompetentpersonwhoisaplaintiffinacivilaction.(正確答案)B.Onewho,havingbeenborninanothercountryorotherwiserearedasaforeigner,hasbeengrantedU.S.citizenshipandtherightsandprivilegesofthatstatus.C.Apersonwhoappliestoorpetitionsacourtorjudgeforarulinginhisorherfavor.D.Afederalormunicipallawofficer,typicallywithspecifieddutiesrelatingtocourtfunctions.答案解析：LEC2015/5第7題。NextFriend意為“訴訟代理人”,其由法庭指定，代表在民事訴訟中未成年人或無民事行為能力的被告。5.OpinionEvidence（）[單選題]*A.Evidencehas"probativevalue"ifittendstoproveanissueB.Evidenceofwhatthewitnessthinks,believesorinfersinregardtofactindispute,asdistinguishedfromthispersonalknowledgeofthefacts;notadmissibleexcept(undercertainlimitations)inthecaseofexperts.(正確答案)C.Incriminalcases,reasonablegroundsforbelievingthatthefactsjustifyissuanceofanarrestorsearchwarrant,orfurtherlegalaction.D.Greaterweightofevidence,orevidencewhichismorecreditableandconvincingtothemind,notnecessarilythegreaternumberofwitnesses.答案解析：考查opinionevidence的概念及其例外規(guī)則。Opinionevidencereferstoevidenceofwhatthewitnessthinks,believes,orinfersinregardtofacts,asdistinguishedfrompersonalknowledgeofthefactsthemselves.Incommonlawjurisdictionsthegeneralruleisthatawitnessissupposedtotestifyastowhatwasobservedandnottogiveanopiniononwhatwasobserved.However,therearetwoexceptionstothisrule:expertevidenceandnon-expertopiniongivenbylaymenwhichpeopleintheirdailylivesreachwithoutconsciousratiocination.6.OpinionEvidence（）[單選題]*A.Anattorney'spreliminarystatementofacaseinacourtoflaw.B.Aformalstatementofreasonsforajudgmentgiven.C.Evidenceofwhatthewitnessthinks,believesorinfersinregardtofactindispute,asdistinguishedfromhispersonalknowledgeofthefacts;notadmissibleexceptinthecaseofexperts.(正確答案)D.Evidencerequiringpartiestoproffertheoriginalwriting,recording,orphotographwhenattemptingtoprovethecontentsthereof.答案解析：LEC2017/11第10題。OpinionEvidence是指意見證據(jù)。意見證據(jù)規(guī)則是指證人作證時只能陳述自己體驗的過去的事實，而不能將自己的判斷意見和推測作為證言的內(nèi)容。選項C正確。7.Manslaughter（）[單選題]*A.Thevoluntaryandintentionalkillingofone'sself.B.Thekillingofaparentorothernearrelative.C.Thekillingofapersonincircumstancesthatallowtheacttoberegardedinlawaswithoutcriminalguilt.D.Theunlawfulkillingofanotherwithoutintenttokill;eithervoluntary,orinvoluntary(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2016/11第3題。Manslaughter“非預(yù)謀殺人罪”,選項D符合釋義，選項A為suicide自殺，選項B為parricide殺親，選項C為過失殺人。8.abinitio（）[單選題]*A.aninstitutionthatisestablishedbythelegislature.B.atermmeaning“absolutely.”C.atermmeaning“fromthebeginning”.(正確答案)D.atermmeaning“toabstractfrom”.答案解析：〈拉〉自始9.AbInitio（）[單選題]*A.Alegaltermmeaning“fromthebeginning.”(正確答案)B.AlegaltermfromtheLatinmeaningliterally"thethingitselfspeaks,"butismoreoftentranslated“thethingspeaksforitself.”C.Theprosecutordeclinestoprosecute,butmaystillinitiateprosecutionwithinthetimeallowedbylaw.D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2018/11第9題。AbInitio是拉丁語，表示“從頭開始，自始”(fromthebeginning)。10.acquisition（）[單選題]*A.theactofgettingsomething,especiallyknowledge,askill,etc.B.itreferstothesituationinwhichonefirmbuysmajorityinterestinanother,butbothretaintheiridentities.(正確答案)C.somethingthatsomebodybuystoaddtowhattheyalreadyown,usuallysomethingvaluable.D.theactofjoiningtwoormoreorganizationsorbusinessesintoone.答案解析：收購,并購（多指一個公司收購某較小公司大部分股份,從而達(dá)到接管或控股的目的，兩個法人實體地位在交易之后仍可同時存在）。11.Acquisition（）[單選題]*A.jurorsexcusedfromatrial.B.inthecorporatecontext,referstowhenonefirmbuysmajorityinterestinanother,butbothretaintheiridentities.(正確答案)C.ajudgmentthatapersonisnotguiltyofthecrimewithwhichthepersonhasbeencharged.D.theimpliedconsenttodoanact.Itcanalsobeaperson'stacitorpassiveacceptanceoragreementwithoutprotest.答案解析：LEC2012/5第2題。acquisition意為“收購，購并(多指一個公司以收購某較小公司股份的方式進(jìn)行接管或達(dá)到控股的目的，兩個法人實體地位在交易之后仍可同時存在)”。選項B:inthecorporatecontext,referstowhenonefirmbuysmajorityinterestinanother,butbothretaintheiridentities正符合題意，所以正確答案為B.12.adversarysystem（）[單選題]*A.aneducationalsystemwhereteachersencouragestudentstodiscusscasesinclass.B.alegalsystemusedinsomecivillawsystems(i.e.thosederivingfromRomanlawortheNapoleoniccode)whereajudgeorgroupofjudgesinvestigatesthecase.C.alegalsystemusedinthecommonlawcountrieswheretwoadvocatesrepresenttheirparties'positionsbeforeanimpartialpersonorgroupofpeople,usuallyajuryorjudge,whoattempttodeterminethetruthofthecase.(正確答案)D.amockcourtatwhichlawstudentsargueimaginarycasesforpractice.答案解析：adversarysystem對抗制：對抗制訴訟是英美法系區(qū)別于大陸法系的一個重要特征，是英美國家整個訴訟制度的基礎(chǔ)。對抗制以當(dāng)事人雙方的訴訟對抗和法官的中立為基本特征。13.adversepossession（）[單選題]*A.theacquisitionofpropertybyatrespasserwhoseoccupationofthepropertyisexclusive,open,andcontinuousforastatutoryperiod.(正確答案)B.theforcefulpossessionofterritorybyanenemystate.C.thestealingofanotherperson’sland.D.thelawfulpossessionofanotherperson’slandwiththelatter’spermission.答案解析：adversepossession逆占有；對立占有；相反占有；時效占有：與真正所有人的權(quán)利不一致的對不動產(chǎn)的占有。即占有人本不享有合法占有權(quán)，卻如同所有人一樣對地產(chǎn)實施事實上的、持續(xù)性的、公開的與明顯的占有，并意圖排除包括真正所有人在內(nèi)的其他一切人的權(quán)利。14.amicuscuriae（）[單選題]*A.onewhoisthethevictimofanaccident.B.onewhoisnotapartytoacasebutisinterestedinoraffectedbyitsoutcomeandisallowedbythecourttointroduceargumentorevidencetoassistthecourtindecidingthecase.(正確答案)C.onewhoisthethechiefjusticeofacourt.D.onewhoisthechiefjurorofacourt.答案解析：amicuscuriae〈拉〉法院之友：對案件中的疑難法律問題陳述意見并善意提醒法院注意某些法律問題的臨時法律顧問；協(xié)助法庭解決問題的人。15.anticipatorybreach（）[單選題]*A.abreachwhichisanticipatedbythenon-breachingparty.B.abreachwhichisnotanticipatedbythenon-breachingparty.C.abreachofthedutyofcareowedtothevictiminatortcase.D.abreachcommittedbeforethearrivaloftheactualtimeofrequiredperformance.(正確答案)答案解析：anticipatorybreach預(yù)期違約：指在履行期限到來之前，義務(wù)人以言詞、行為明確而清楚地表明其將拒絕履行義務(wù)的意圖，則這些言行是對合同的放棄，另一方當(dāng)事人可據(jù)此視合同已被終止。預(yù)期違約多發(fā)生在銷售合同中。16.arraignment（）[單選題]*A.inacivilcase,apretrialsessionatwhichpartiesexchangetheirevidence.B.inacriminalcase,apretrialcourthearingatwhichthedefendantisinformedofthechargesagainsthimorher,isappointedcounselifnecessary,andispermittedtopleadtothecharges.(正確答案)C.alegalarrangementthathelpsmediateadispute.D.ananswertoaclaimmadebysomeoneinacriminalcaseundercommonlawusingtheadversarialsystem.答案解析：arraignmentn.傳訊：英美刑事訴訟中的一項正式程序，包括三項內(nèi)容：１法院將被告人傳喚到庭；２向其宣讀起訴書的內(nèi)容；３由被告人就起訴書所指控的罪行作出答辯。在英國，被告人可以作有罪答辯、無罪答辯、或者保持沉默，或者作對管轄權(quán)有異議、不適于受審等其他形式的答辯。在美國，被告人一般可以作有罪答辯、無罪答辯、或不愿爭論的答辯〔pleaofnolocontendere〕。傳訊必須公開進(jìn)行，答辯前必須將起訴書文本一份給予被告人。法庭對被告人的答辯應(yīng)當(dāng)記錄在案。17.assault（）[單選題]*A.theactofattackingabuilding,anarea,etc.inordertotakecontrolofitB.theactoftryingtoachievesomethingthatisdifficultordangerousC.thethreatoruseofforceonanotherthatcausesthatpersontohaveareasonableapprehensionofimminentharmfuloroffensivecontact(正確答案)D.anactofcriticizingsomebody/somethingseverely答案解析：assaultn.(1)(刑法)(侵權(quán)法)威脅；恐嚇：指威脅或使用暴力，使得他人合理地認(rèn)為傷害性或侵犯性的身體接觸即將發(fā)生；或者通過威脅實施毆打使得他人合理地認(rèn)為毆打即將發(fā)生。(2)(刑法)企圖傷害罪指意圖傷害的毆擊未遂，屬于普通法上及制定法上的輕罪。(3)(非嚴(yán)格意義上)毆擊(4)攻擊；襲擊18.Assault（）[單選題]*A.Thethreatofconfinementordetentionorotherthreatofharmusedtocompelanothertodosomethingagainsthisorherwillorjudgment.B.Thethreatoruseofforceonanotherthatcausesthatpersontohaveareasonableapprehensionofimminentharmfuloroffensivecontact.(正確答案)C.Theconfinementorrestraintofapersontoaboundedareawithoutjustificationorconsent.D.Anintentionaloroffensivetouchingofanother.答案解析：LEC2010/2第4題。選項A意為duress,脅迫，通常作為犯罪、違約或侵權(quán)的一種抗辯；選項B意為assault,威脅，恐嚇，意圖侵犯人身，是一種故意侵權(quán)；選項C意為falseimprisonment,非法監(jiān)禁，是一種故意侵權(quán)；選項D意為battery,非法侵犯，是一種故意侵權(quán)。本題正確答案為B.19.assumptionoftherisk（）[單選題]*A.intortlaw,itisanaffirmativedefenseusedbythedefendanttoanegligencesuitclaimingthattheplaintiffhadknowledgeofaconditionorsituationobviouslydangeroustohimselforherselfandyetvoluntarilyexposedhimselforherselftothehazardcreatedbythedefendant,therebyrelievingthedefendantoflegalresponsibilityforanyresultinginjury(正確答案)B.adefensetoaclaimbasedonnegligence,anactionintort.Thisprincipleisrelevanttothedeterminationofliabilityandisapplicablewhenplaintiffs/claimantshave,throughtheirownnegligence,contributedtotheharmtheysuffered.C.apartiallegaldefensethatreducestheamountofdamagesthataplaintiffcanrecoverinanegligence-basedclaimbaseduponthedegreetowhichtheplaintiff'sownnegligencecontributedtocausetheinjury.D.itisassumedthatwhenpartiesenterintoacontractfreely,theyaccepttheriskofbusinesstheymayfaceinthefuture.答案解析：assumptionofrisk自擔(dān)風(fēng)險：自擔(dān)風(fēng)險原則，又稱為「volentinonfitinjuria」，是指依照法律，當(dāng)事人不得就自己同意遭受的損害獲得補(bǔ)償，即，如果當(dāng)事人自愿置身于其覺察和了解的危險中，則不得就為此所受損害獲得賠償。自擔(dān)風(fēng)險是一種侵權(quán)法上的抗辯，其構(gòu)成要件為：１原告對構(gòu)成危險情形的事實有了解；２原告知道該情形正處于危險中；３原告對危險的性質(zhì)或程度有鑒別；４原告自愿置身于危險中。但自擔(dān)風(fēng)險原則在原告行為符合救助或人道主義原則時，不得適用。此外，自擔(dān)風(fēng)險原則在勞工賠償及交通事故保險等方面的適用也受有限制。20.barexamination（）[單選題]*A.astateexaminationtakenbyprospectivebartenders,qualifyingthemtobeservinginabarorrestaurant.B.astateexaminationtakenbyprospectivelawyers,qualifyingthemtobeadmittedtotheBarandlicensedtopracticelaw.(正確答案)C.theexaminationofalongstraightpieceofmetalorwood.D.atermusedincomputersciencemeaningthelayoutofthemenubar.答案解析：美國律師資格考試。21.bail（）[單選題]*A.eitherofthetwosmallpiecesofwoodontopofeachsetofthreewoodenpostsB.punishmentimposedonawrongdoer,usu.intheformofimprisonmentorfineC.amethodofpretrialreleaseofanaccusedpersonbymeansofhavingtheaccusedorsomeoneonhisorherbehalfdepositmoneywiththecourtoragreetopayacertainamounttoinsurehisorherappearanceatlaterproceedings,suchasatrial;moneypaidforsuchapractice(正確答案)D.anextrachargeagainstapartywhoviolatesacontractualprovision.答案解析：bailn.(1)保釋在刑事訴訟中，指受到犯罪指控而被逮捕或拘押的犯罪嫌疑人或被告人交納一定數(shù)額金錢、或提供保證人、或滿足其他法律規(guī)定的條件，并保證在以后的訴訟中能夠按照法庭傳喚指定的時間和地點到案后，將其予以釋放的制度。在美國，通常在犯罪嫌疑人或被告人初次到案〔initialappearance〕時由法官決定是否對其保釋。在英國，根據(jù)1976年的《保釋法》〔BailAct〕，警察、治安法官、刑事法院法官均有權(quán)決定對犯人的保釋。保釋可以是無條件的，也可以要求提供某種擔(dān)?；驖M足其他條件。通常只有在存在充分的根據(jù)相信如果將被告人釋放其將不會到庭或者會實施犯罪或干擾證人時，才可以拒絕給予保釋。如果被保釋人在保釋期間潛逃或者違反保釋規(guī)定，則予以逮捕。在民事訴訟中，保釋是指對不履行法院判決確定的民事債務(wù)而被拘禁的債務(wù)人在交納一定數(shù)額金錢或提供某種保證后將其釋放。民事保釋以債務(wù)人清償債務(wù)或履行其他義務(wù)為條件。(2)〈英〉保證；擔(dān)保海事訴訟中，被扣押船舶或其他財產(chǎn)的所有者可以提供與該財產(chǎn)等價值的擔(dān)保從而解除對該財產(chǎn)的扣押。(3)保釋保證人(4)保釋金22.bestevidencerule（）[單選題]*A.arulerequiringpartiestoprovidethebestpreservedduplicateofanoriginaldocument.B.aruleallowingapartytodemandingthebestevidencefromtheopposingparty.C.arulerequiringthecourttodecideahardcasewherethebestevidenceisunavailable.D.arulerequiringpartiestoproffertheoriginalwriting,recording,orphotographwhenattemptingtoprovethecontentsthereof.(正確答案)答案解析：bestevidencerule最佳證據(jù)規(guī)則指為證明書面文件、錄音錄像或照片中的內(nèi)容，當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)提供該書面文件、錄音錄像或照片的原件，除非該原件已丟失、毀損或因其他原因而無法提供。只有在原件已不存在或不可獲得的情況下，相關(guān)的復(fù)印件、記錄或證人證言等第二手的證據(jù)才可以被采納。有時也稱原始書證規(guī)則〔originalwritingrule〕。23.beyondareasonabledoubt（）[單選題]*A.thestandardofproofthatmustbemetinordertoconvictacriminaldefendantofacrime.(正確答案)B.itisastandardofproofthatislessstrictthanthepreponderanceofevidence.C.thestandardofproofthatmustbemetinordertoholdadefendantofatortliablefordamages.D.thisistheburdenofproofinmostciviltrials,inwhichthejuryisinstructedtofindforthepartythat,onthewhole,hasthestrongerevidence,howeverslighttheedgemaybe.答案解析：beyondareasonabledoubt排除合理懷疑在刑事訴訟中陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定被告人有罪時適用的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。即只有控訴方提出的證據(jù)對被告人有罪的事實的證明達(dá)到無合理懷疑的確定性程度時，陪審團(tuán)方可裁斷被告人有罪。為適用該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，陪審團(tuán)須首先推定被告人是無罪的。24.bonafidepurchaser（）[單選題]*A.abuyerwhodoesnotknowoftheseller’sidentitywhensigningthecontract.B.atermusedpredominantlyincommonlawjurisdictionsinthelawoftorts.C.onewhodoesnotknowoftheseller’swrongdoingbuthasagoodfaithbeliefthatthesellerhastitle,andinadditionpaysvaluableconsideration.(正確答案)D.abuyerwhodoesnotknowoftheseller’scapacitywhensigningthecontract.答案解析：bonafidepurchaser善意買主（財產(chǎn)法概念）。傳統(tǒng)的普通法規(guī)則認(rèn)為，沒有人可以轉(zhuǎn)讓不屬于他本人所有的商品。然而事實并非如此，除了盜竊物等少數(shù)情形，其他所有的情形幾乎都有例外，從而最終確立了善意購買人原則：若不知標(biāo)的物的權(quán)利瑕疵并且為之付出了對價，那么善意購買人對于所購財產(chǎn)享有對抗一切先在物主的所有權(quán)。25.burdenofproof（）[單選題]*A.thecostsofprovingafactinalegalcase.B.thetimeofprovingafactinalegalcase.C.incivilcases,itisaburdengenerallyimposedonthedefendant.D.thedutytoproveafactorfactsindispute.(正確答案)答案解析：burdenofproof:Inthelawofevidence,thenecessityordutyofaffirmativelyprovingafactorfactsindispute.指當(dāng)事人為避免不利于己的裁判而提出證據(jù)證明其主張的事實并說服事實認(rèn)定者〔trieroffact〕確信其主張的責(zé)任。證據(jù)法上的一般規(guī)則是提出肯定性主張的一方負(fù)證明責(zé)任，即「誰主張，誰舉證」。所以，在訴訟中證明責(zé)任通常首先由原告或控告人〔prosecutor〕承擔(dān)，但當(dāng)其提出了充分證據(jù)能夠證明其主張成立，即確立了表面案件〔primafaciecase〕時，證明責(zé)任即轉(zhuǎn)移給另一方，但是在刑事訴訟中由于實行無罪推定〔presumptionofinnocence〕原則，證明被告人有罪的責(zé)任由公訴方承擔(dān)，被告人不承擔(dān)證明自己有罪或無罪的責(zé)任，但就某些事實或主張，被告人仍承擔(dān)證明責(zé)任，如被告人主張自己精神不正常等。26.burglary（）[單選題]*A.theentryintobuildingillegallywithintenttocommitacrime,especiallytheft;thecrimeofso(正確答案)B.sellinghamburgsatalocationwhichisnotpermittedbythegovernment.C.breakingintoone’sownhouseatnightbecauseoflossofthekey.D.invitingsomeonetoenterintoone’sownhouseandconspiringtogethertocommitacrime.答案解析：burglaryn.(1)普通法夜盜罪指懷著犯重罪意圖在夜里打開并且進(jìn)入他人住宅的行為。(2)制定法夜盜罪與普通法夜盜罪相比，制定法夜盜罪在三個要件方面有所區(qū)別：１現(xiàn)代制定法已把住宅〔dwelling〕這一概念擴(kuò)大到工廠車間、商店、辦公處以及一切建筑物；２多數(shù)制定法取消了「夜里」這個時間要素；３有些制定法把「意圖犯重罪」要件擴(kuò)大為「意圖犯重偷盜罪或輕偷盜罪或任何重罪」。27.____referstoentryintoabuildingillegallywithintenttocommitacrime,especiallytheft.（）[單選題]*A.ConspiracyB.LarcenyC.Burglary(正確答案)D.Extradition答案解析：LEC2009/12第7題。burglaryn.(1)普通法夜盜罪指懷著犯重罪意圖在夜里打開并且進(jìn)入他人住宅的行為。(2)制定法夜盜罪與普通法夜盜罪相比，制定法夜盜罪在三個要件方面有所區(qū)別：１現(xiàn)代制定法已把住宅〔dwelling〕這一概念擴(kuò)大到工廠車間、商店、辦公處以及一切建筑物；２多數(shù)制定法取消了「夜里」這個時間要素；３有些制定法把「意圖犯重罪」要件擴(kuò)大為「意圖犯重偷盜罪或輕偷盜罪或任何重罪」。其他三項：A項，conspiracyn.同謀；共謀：指兩人或多人為實施犯罪或非法行為而同謀共議，也指共謀以違法或犯罪手段實施本身并不違法的行為。B項，larcenyn.偷盜罪：以非法占有為目的，未經(jīng)所有人同意而取走他人財物的行為。larceny不強(qiáng)調(diào)“打開并進(jìn)入住宅或建筑物，意圖實施盜竊或其他重罪”的這種情形，是其他情形下的盜竊。D項，extraditionn.引渡：指一國應(yīng)他國之請求，將在本國境內(nèi)但被該他國追訴或判刑的人移交給該國審判或處罰的行為。28.ChiefJustice（）[單選題]*A.themostimportantjudgeinalowercourt.B.thepresidingjudgeoftheUSSupremeCourt.(正確答案)C.themostsignificanttypeofjusticethegovernmentprotects.D.thepresidingjudgeofanystatecourt.答案解析：themostimportantjudgeinacourtoflaw,especiallytheUSSupremeCourt首席法官;〔尤指美國的〕最高法院首席法官.29.circuitcourt（）[單選題]*A.acourtinacounty.B.acourtspecificallydealingwithdisputesoverelectricalcircuitpatents.C.aspecifictribunalthatpossessesthelegalauthoritytohearcaseswithinitsowngeographicalterritory(正確答案)D.acourtlocatedatthecenterofastate.答案解析：巡回法院就是根據(jù)地理位置，為方便管理和訴訟而分設(shè)在不同區(qū)域內(nèi)的法院。美國聯(lián)邦法院將全國五十個州劃分為十三個審判區(qū)域，設(shè)有十三個巡回法院，一個巡回法院往往下轄數(shù)個地區(qū)法院，每個巡回法院負(fù)責(zé)審理本區(qū)內(nèi)地區(qū)法院的上訴。30.statuteoflimitations（）[單選題]*A.astatutewithmanylimitationsonitsapplication.B.astatutewhichislessthanperfect.C.astatuteenactedtolimitthescopeofprotectionforaliens.D.alawwhichsetsthemaximumperiodwhichonecanwaitbeforefilingalawsuit,dependingon(正確答案)thetypeofcaseorclaim.答案解析：statuteoflimitations=limitationperiod(1)訴訟時效（法）它以訴因形成(例如損害的發(fā)生或被發(fā)現(xiàn))的日期為起點，確定當(dāng)事人可以提起民事訴訟的時間期限。該制定法的目的在于要求當(dāng)事人對已知的訴訟請求積極主張權(quán)利，從而為法律行為提供確定性和可預(yù)測性，并確保在證據(jù)尚未湮滅時能解決爭議。(2)追訴時效（法）它以犯罪行為實施之日為基礎(chǔ)，確定可以對某一犯罪行為提出指控的時間期限。31.limitationperiod（）[單選題]*A.astatutoryperiodafterwhichalawsuitorprosecutioncannotbebroughtincourt.(正確答案)B.alimitationimposedontheperiodofacontract.C.aperiodduringwhichaperson’srightsoverhis/herpropertyislimitedbylaw.D.alimitationimposedontheperiodofacopyright.答案解析：時限/時效：民事申索案件，一般都有一個指定的時限，時限過后，必須要得到法庭的特別批準(zhǔn)，才可以進(jìn)行有關(guān)的申索或者程序。32.accused（）[單選題]*A.apersonagainstwhomacriminalproceedingisinitiated.(正確答案)B.apersonwhoisontrialforcommittingatort.C.apersonwhoisthedefendantofacivilcase.D.apersonwhoisontrialforbreachingacontract.答案解析：Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事訴訟的被告稱為Defendant；而申索案件中的被索償?shù)囊环椒Q為Respondent（答辯人）。33.acquittal（）[單選題]*A.alegalinstrumentwhichisusedtotransferinterestinrealproperty.B.toleavetheplacewhereyoulive.C.ajudgementthatapersonisnotguiltyofthecrimewithwhichthepersonhasbeencharged.(正確答案)D.theactoffindingsomebodyguiltyofacrimeincourt;thefactofhavingbeenfoundguilty.答案解析：Acquittal是名詞。罪名不成立：刑事案件經(jīng)審訊后，被告罪名不成立被釋放，稱為"Theaccusedisacquitted”。34.adjourn（）[單選題]*A.tofinishanactivityandgosomewhere–oftenusedhumorouslyB.toaccelerateacourtproceeding.C.toterminateacourtproceeding.D.tosuspendindefinitely,oruntilalaterstatedtime.(正確答案)答案解析：休庭，押后法庭在聆訊途中暫時休庭30分鐘，稱為"adjournedfor30minutes”。如要將聆訊押后再排期重審，稱為"adjournedtoadatetobefixed”。35.affidavit（）[單選題]*A.tolinkagroup,acompanyoranorganizationverycloselywithanother,largerone.B.awrittenstatementoffactthatisverifiedbyoathoraffirmation.(正確答案)C.toconfirm,ratify,orapprove(alowercourt'sjudgment)onappeal.D.anengagement,betrothal,orfiancerisapromisetowed,andalsotheperiodoftimebetweenamarriageproposalandamarriage.答案解析：誓章以宗教儀式發(fā)誓后簽署的書面證供稱為Affidavit，而以真誠發(fā)誓所簽署的證供稱為Affirmation，兩者的格式用詞有些分別，但主要作用相同。36.Affidavit（）[單選題]*A.Thetranscriptofadeposition,usuallytakeninanattorney'sofficeratherthanincourt.B.Thetranscriptfromacourttrial,usuallypreparedbythe“courtreporter.”(正確答案)C.Avoluntarystatementinwriting,usuallynotarizedandoftenattachedasanexhibittoamotion(suchasamotionforapreliminaryinjunction).D.ThetranscriptfromaCongressionalhearing.答案解析：LEC2014/5第6題。Affidavit指“宣誓書；宣誓陳述書”,即當(dāng)事人自愿做出的對事實的書面陳述，并需在有權(quán)主持宣誓的官員面前做出宣誓或代替宣誓的確認(rèn)以保證其內(nèi)容的真實性。一般情況下，宣誓書的內(nèi)容限于陳述人能以自己的知識或經(jīng)歷(如親聞親見)予以證明者，但有時也可包括以此為根據(jù)的其他信息。選項B:Thetranscriptfromacourttrial,usuallypreparedbythe“courtreporter”符合題意，為正確答案。37.Affidavit（）[單選題]*A.Aswornoraffirmedstatementmadeinwritingandsigned;ifsworn,itisnotarized.(正確答案)B.Asolemnandformaldeclarationunderpenaltiesofperjurythatastatementistrue,withoutanoath.C.Anassertionoffactinapleading.D.Areasongiveninprooforrebuttal.答案解析：LEC2009/5第1題。選項A.Affidavit宣誓作證書，(經(jīng)陳述者宣誓在法律上可采作證據(jù)的)書面陳述，書面證詞。選項B.(不經(jīng)宣誓而作的)證詞(affirmation)。選項C.陳述，宣稱，辯解；陳詞(allegation)選項D.辯論(argument)。本題正確答案為A.38.allegation（）[單選題]*A.astory,paintingetcinwhichtheeventsandcharactersrepresentideasorteachamorallesson.B.aperson’scontinuedsupportforapoliticalparty,religion,leader,etc.C.thelegalaspectofanactionorasituation.D.adeclaration,assertion,orstatementofapartytoalawsuit,madeinapleading,andsettingoutwhatthepartyintendstoprove.(正確答案)答案解析：Allegation是名詞。聲稱：訴訟陳詞中未經(jīng)證實的聲言，例如：ThePlaintiffallegedthathislosswasduetotheDefendant'sbreachofcontract，原告聲稱他的損失是被告違約所引致。39.asis（）[單選題]*A.asisknowntoallB.asisoftenthecaseC.thequalityofproductssoldisasitspresentsituation.(正確答案)D.asifthequalityofproductssoldwereperfectconformingtothecontract.答案解析：asis按現(xiàn)狀；按貨樣：指所出售的商品的樣式、質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等就按出售時的商品現(xiàn)狀〔asis〕而定，即按貨物現(xiàn)狀出售。買主對該商品的質(zhì)量承擔(dān)全部風(fēng)險，只能依靠其自身的檢測能力，購買之后不得提出任何質(zhì)量問題。賣主不承擔(dān)任何明示或默示的保證責(zé)任。40.balanceofprobabilities（）[單選題]*A.thegreaterweightoftheevidenceorsuperiorevidentiaryweightthatissufficienttoinclineafairandimpartialmindtoonesideoftheissueratherthantheother.(正確答案)B.introductionofprobabilitiesintothestudyoflawscience.C.thebalanceoffairnessandefficiencyindecidinghardcases.D.thehighpossibilitythatajudgestrikesabalancebetweenpersonalfeelingsofjusticeandpublicopinionwhendecidinghardcases.答案解析：balanceofprobabilities=preponderanceoftheevidence證據(jù)優(yōu)勢作為民事案件的證明標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，指較相反的證據(jù)更有份量、更具說服力的證據(jù)，即證據(jù)所試圖證明的事實，其存在的可能性大于不存在的可能性。證據(jù)的優(yōu)勢不一定取決于證人人數(shù)的多寡，而是指證據(jù)的份量、可靠程度和價值。41.WhatisthelegaldepartmentofthefederalgovernmentcalledintheUnitedStates?（）[單選題]*A.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity.B.B.StateDepartmentC.DepartmentofJustice.(正確答案)D.JudicialDepartment答案解析：美國聯(lián)邦政府的法律部門是司法部DepartmentofJustice,選項C符合題意。選項ADepartmentofHomelandSecurity是美國國土安全局。選項B,DepartnentofState是美國國務(wù)院。選項D,JudicialDepartment表述錯誤；法院組織的政府部門，其中之一是JudicialBranch(司法部門/司法機(jī)構(gòu))。42.WhatisthelegaldepartmentofthefederalgovernmentcalledintheUnitedStates?（）[單選題]*A.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity.B.MinistryofDefense.C.DepartmentofJustice.(正確答案)D.MinistryofLaw答案解析：美國的司法部(DepartmentofJustice)是美國聯(lián)邦政府的司法機(jī)關(guān)。選項C正確。43.Thecommonlawsystemcameinto__,historically,inEnglandlargelyastheresultoftheactivityoftheroyalcourtsofjusticeaftertheNormanConquest.（）[單選題]*A.lifeB.nameC.existence(正確答案)D.Been答案解析：根據(jù)句意，此句在描述普通法系產(chǎn)生existence的主要原因。故選項C正確。44.Whatisthethree-tierhierarchyofthebasicfederalcourtsystemintheUnitedStates?（）[單選題]*A.theDistrictCourt,theCourtofAppeals,theSupremeCourt.(正確答案)B.theClaimsCourt,theTaxCourt,theDistrictCourt.C.theDistrictCourt,theCircuitCourt,theSuperiorCourt.D.theDistrictCourt,theCourtofAppeals,theSuperiorCourt.答案解析：美國法院實行聯(lián)邦法院和州法院雙重體制。美國憲法第3條就聯(lián)邦法院系統(tǒng)做出了規(guī)定：“合眾國的司法權(quán)，屬于聯(lián)邦最高法院和國會不時設(shè)立的下級法院。”這就使美國聯(lián)邦法院系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)出一種金字塔狀的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，包括聯(lián)邦最高法院和下級法院。下級法院由地區(qū)法院和上訴法院組成。所以正確的選項是A45.Inmostjurisdictions,whatisthehighestacademicdegreethatanapplicantmustfirstearnbeforehecanbeadmittedtothebar?（）[單選題]*A.JurisDoctor(JD).(正確答案)B.MasterofLaws(LLM).C.MasterofArts(MA).D.BachelorofScience(BSc).答案解析：本題考查對美國法學(xué)學(xué)科學(xué)位授予情況的了解。JurisDoctor(J.D.)指法律博士，擁有J.D.學(xué)位的學(xué)生可以參加任何州的BarExam。根據(jù)題意，選項A為選項正確。46.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueintheUnitedStates?（）[單選題]*A.Admissiontothebaristhegrantingofpermissionbyaparticularcourtsystemtoalawyertopracticelawinthatsystem.B.Tworequirementsarethemostimportantinlawschooladmission:theapplicant'sundergraduateGPAandscoresontheLSAT.C.Lawreviewsarelegalacademicjournalseditedandinpartwritten