人教版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義必修一　Unit5NelsonMandelaAModernHero

第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)必修一Unit5NelsonMandela—AModernHero1.了解NelsonMandela的生平事跡，了解偉人所應(yīng)具備的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)，學(xué)習(xí)他們?cè)谄D苦的環(huán)境下為人類(lèi)做貢獻(xiàn)、不追求享樂(lè)的高尚精神，以提高自身素質(zhì)。2.能用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單地描述人物，并簡(jiǎn)單地表達(dá)自己的意見(jiàn)。Whatarethequalitiesofagreatperson?Active,generous,selfless,devoted,hard－workingorwillingtohelpothers?Whatisyouropinion?SunYat－senfoundedthefirstRepublicbasedonthreeprinciples.Gandhifoughtforfreedominpeacefulways.Mandelaworkedasaneducatedlawyertoofferlegalguidancetothepoorblackpeopleintroubleoroutofwork.Hebelievedallarebornequalandeveryoneshouldn'tloseheart.Buttheblacksufferedcrueltyandterrorandevenreachedastagewheremanybeggedforfoodfromtheirrelatives.HesetupANCYouthLeague.Hewashopefulaboutequalrightsbutfailed.Hedecidedtoanswerviolencewithviolence.Asamatteroffact,heattackedthelawsandblewupgovernmentbuildings.In1962,hewassentencedtoprisonwherenoonecouldescapebuthecametopoweraspresidentin1994.Mostpeoplevotedforhim.AlsohewasrewardedwiththeNobelPeacePrize.1.qualityn.質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)2.peacefuladj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的3.devotevt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于4.introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中5.turnto求助于；致力于6.loseheart喪失勇氣或信心1.你的看法是什么？Whatisyouropinion?2.但是黑人遭受的殘忍和恐怖甚至到了不得不向親戚們乞求食物來(lái)生存的階段。Buttheblacksufferedcrueltyandterrorandevenreachedastagewheremanybeggedforfoodfromtheirrelatives.★meanadj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的★activeadj.積極的；活躍的★generousadj.慷慨的；大方的★foundvt.建立；建設(shè)★lawyern.律師★feen.費(fèi)(會(huì)費(fèi)、學(xué)費(fèi)等)；酬金★outofwork失業(yè)★hopefuladj.懷有希望的；有希望的★stagen.舞臺(tái)；階段；時(shí)期★votevt.&vi.投票；選舉n.投票★attackvt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊★asamatteroffact事實(shí)上★blowup使充氣；爆炸★equaladj.相等的；平等的★willingadj.樂(lè)意的；自愿的★unfairadj.不公正的；不公平的★escapevi.逃脫；逃走；泄露★educatevt.教育；訓(xùn)練★etopower當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)★begvi.請(qǐng)求；乞求★relativen.親戚；親屬★rewardn.報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞★setup設(shè)立；建立★sentencevt.判決；宣判★opinionn.意見(jiàn)；看法；主張★selfishadj.自私的★selflessadj.無(wú)私的；忘我的★selflesslyadv.無(wú)私地；忘我地★devotedadj.忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的★guidancen.指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一、重點(diǎn)單詞需牢記1.qualityn.質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)adj.優(yōu)質(zhì)的besuperiorinquality質(zhì)量好giveatasteofone'squality顯顯自己的本領(lǐng)beofgood/badquality好/壞的品質(zhì)beofthebestquality最好的品質(zhì)beofhigh/poorquality優(yōu)質(zhì)/劣質(zhì)Thechangesofquantitycausethechangesofquality.量變引起質(zhì)變。Thesweaterisofgoodquality.這件毛衣質(zhì)地很好。qualificationn.資格，學(xué)歷qualifiedadj.有資格的quality和quantityquality表示“質(zhì)量”。和quality連用的動(dòng)詞有improve,judge；連用的形容詞有poor，high，good,top等。quantity表示“數(shù)量”，常與large，small等詞搭配。2.devotevt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于devoteoneselfto獻(xiàn)身于……；致力于……devote...to...把……奉獻(xiàn)于……；把……專(zhuān)注于……devoteone'slifeto...把一生致力于/奉獻(xiàn)于……Zaragozahasdevotedallhislifetothefieldofscience.Zaragoza把他的一生都獻(xiàn)給了這一科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。devotedadj.忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的devotionn.關(guān)愛(ài)；關(guān)照；奉獻(xiàn)；忠誠(chéng)bedevotedto...專(zhuān)心于……；奉獻(xiàn)于……類(lèi)似于devote...to...的結(jié)構(gòu)中to為介詞的詞組還有：objectto反對(duì)attendto辦理；照顧；注意聽(tīng)lookforwardto期待beopposedto反對(duì)stickto堅(jiān)持leadto導(dǎo)致payattentionto注意到berelatedto與……有關(guān)seeto負(fù)責(zé)……referto提到；指的是3.votevt.&vi.投票；選舉n.投票；選票；表決takeavoteon就……投票giveone'svoteto/for投贊成……的票votefor/against投票贊成/反對(duì)……votein/out選出/罷免某人Noteverybodyhasthevote.并不是每個(gè)人都有投票權(quán)。IgavemyvotetoMr.Wang.我把票投給了王先生。(2)用vote的適當(dāng)形式填空①Hewontheelectionbecausehegotmost__votes__．②Tom__was__voted__inastheirnewchairman.votern.選民，投票人votingn.投票；選舉4.attackvt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊makeanattackon/upon攻擊，向……進(jìn)攻openanattack開(kāi)始進(jìn)攻beattackedwith(adisease)患/害病haveanattackof(病情)發(fā)作Theplanesbegantheirattackonthecity.飛機(jī)開(kāi)始攻擊這個(gè)城市。Canthetownbesecuredagainstattack?能保護(hù)這個(gè)市鎮(zhèn)不受攻擊嗎？5.equaladj.相等的；平等的vt.等于；比得上n．同等的人；相等物beequaltosth./doingsth.等于/勝任某物/做某事AequalsBin...A在……方面比得上B/與B相匹敵withoutequal無(wú)與倫比f(wàn)eelequalto[口]能勝任，有能力去做betheequaltoone'sword說(shuō)到做到Apoundisroughlyequalto500grams.一磅約等于500克。Shedidnotfeelequaltoreceivingvisitors.她身體不適，不能接見(jiàn)客人。equalityn．平等equallyadv.相等地；同等地；均等地6.escapevi.逃脫；逃走；泄露n.逃脫escapefrom...從……逃脫；逃避escapedoing/beingdone逃避(被)做某事escapedeath＝anarrowescape死里逃生Wewereluckytoescapebeingpunished.我們很幸運(yùn)，沒(méi)有受罰。Thesoldierescapedfromtheenemy'sprison.這個(gè)士兵從敵人的監(jiān)獄里逃了出來(lái)。Thethiefjumpedintoacarandmadehisescape.小偷跳上汽車(chē)逃走了。7.rewardn.報(bào)酬；獎(jiǎng)金v．報(bào)答；獎(jiǎng)賞asareward(for...)作為(對(duì)……的)報(bào)答givearewardtosb.forsth.為某事給某人報(bào)酬(或賞金)rewardsb.withsth.forsth.為某事用某物/事報(bào)答某人It'sarewardforvirtue.那是對(duì)美德的回報(bào)。Shewasrewardedforhereffortswithacashbonus.她因自己的努力而得到一筆獎(jiǎng)金。名詞動(dòng)詞award獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金意為“授予，頒發(fā)”，常用搭配：awardsb.sth.＝awardsth.tosb.reward報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)金或一些非金錢(qián)類(lèi)的報(bào)酬多指因?qū)Ψ降墓ぷ?、服?wù)、幫助而給予的報(bào)酬或獎(jiǎng)賞，常用搭配：rewardsb.for(doing)sth.【例8】用opinion相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空①我對(duì)此實(shí)在不能形成什么看法或意見(jiàn)。Ican't__form__any__idea__oropinionaboutit.②他請(qǐng)我對(duì)那些畫(huà)提提意見(jiàn)。He__asked__my__opinion__ofthepictures.③我認(rèn)為你的外套不值這么多錢(qián)。__In__my__opinion,__yournewcoatisnotworthsomuchmoney.8.opinionn.意見(jiàn)；看法；主張What'syouropinionoftheplan?你認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃怎樣？asktheopinionofsb.征求某人的意見(jiàn)formanopinionabout形成……的看法inone'sopinion就某人的觀點(diǎn)看來(lái)Whatisyouropinionof...?＝Whatdoyouthinkof...?＝Howdoyoulike...?＝Howdoyoufind...?你覺(jué)得……怎么樣？(用于詢問(wèn)對(duì)人或事物的喜歡程度、態(tài)度、看法等) 二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)需精通1.outofwork失業(yè)Hewasoutofworkwhenthefactoryclosed.工廠倒閉后他失業(yè)了。outofemployment失業(yè)belaidoff被裁員，被解雇outofbusiness破產(chǎn)；歇業(yè)outofcontrol失控outofrepair失修outoforder有毛病outofdate過(guò)時(shí)outofone'sreach夠不著outofdanger脫險(xiǎn)outofquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)outofthequestion不可能的outofpatience失去耐心2.asamatteroffact事實(shí)上Asamatteroffact,Iwastheonewhodidit.其實(shí)，做這件事的就是我。infact＝inreality實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上Asamatteroffact,Iwasworkedout.事實(shí)上我已經(jīng)筋疲力盡了。Everyonelikesthestranger,butinreality,heisacriminal.每個(gè)人都喜歡這位陌生人，但其實(shí)他是個(gè)罪犯。3.introuble在危險(xiǎn)、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中Theboycausedalotoftroubletohisparents;hewasalwaysintrouble.這個(gè)男孩給他的父母招來(lái)很多麻煩，他甚為苦惱。askfor/lookfortrouble找麻煩maketrouble制造麻煩taketroubletodosth.費(fèi)心做某事getintotrouble遇到麻煩havetrouble(in)doingsth.＝havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困難save/sparetrouble省事getsb.into/outoftrouble使某人陷入或擺脫困境4.turnto翻到；轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于；致力于；查詢，咨詢PleaseturntoPage40.請(qǐng)翻到40頁(yè)。Followthemainroaduntilitbranches,andthenturntotheright.順著這條大路走，在路的分岔口向右拐。However，whenitissomethingbeyondmypetence，Iturntomyclassmatesorteachersforhelp.但是當(dāng)事情超出我的能力時(shí)，我向同學(xué)或老師求助。Wehavetoturntosomebiggerpaniesfortechnicalhelp.我們不得不向一些更大的公司尋求技術(shù)援助。5.loseheart喪失勇氣或信心Don'tloseheart;youstillhavemorechances.別灰心，你還有更多的機(jī)會(huì)。loseone'sheartto愛(ài)上，喜歡heartandsoul全心全意breakone'sheart心碎putone'sheartinto把全部心思放在learn/knowbyheart記熟takeheart鼓起勇氣，振作起來(lái)6.etopower當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺(tái)Assoonastheirpartycametopower，theychangedthelaw.他們的政黨一上臺(tái)，他們就開(kāi)始修改法律。beinpower當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政take/seize/losepower掌握/奪取/失去權(quán)力(政權(quán))within/beyondone'spower在權(quán)力范圍之內(nèi)/之外由einto＋名詞可構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：eintoaction開(kāi)始行動(dòng)eintofashion流行eintoeffect生效eintooffice就職7.setup設(shè)立；建立Howlongwillittaketosetuptheprojector?把這個(gè)放映機(jī)安放好需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？Anewgovernmentwassetupafterthewar.新政府于戰(zhàn)后成立。setaboutdoingsth.開(kāi)始做或處理；著手做……setouttodosth.開(kāi)始做或處理；著手做……setaside留出/節(jié)省(時(shí)間或錢(qián))；對(duì)……不予考慮setoff引爆；激發(fā)；出發(fā)；啟程besetin...以……為背景，故事發(fā)生在……8.besentencedto被判處……(徒刑)Hewassentencedto10yearsinalabourcamp.他被判處勞動(dòng)改造10年。Hehasbeensentencedtopayafineof$500.他被判罰款500美元。announcesentenceonsb.宣布對(duì)某人的判決besentencedtohardlabour被判服苦役besentencedtosixmonthsinprison被判處六個(gè)月監(jiān)禁beunderthesentenceofdeath被判處死刑havesb.sentencedtodeath判某人死刑sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑receiveasentenceoftwoyears被判兩年徒刑 三、重點(diǎn)句式能熟用1.IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.我第一次向一個(gè)(參觀)小組談?wù)?羅本島監(jiān)獄的情況)時(shí)，心里很不好受。句中的thefirsttime用作連詞，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“第一次……”。HewaswritingaletterthefirsttimeIsawhim.我第一次見(jiàn)到他時(shí)，他在寫(xiě)一封信。名詞(短語(yǔ))作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的有：themoment/theminute/theinstant＝assoonas一……就……everytime每次eachtime每當(dāng)……nexttime下次……時(shí)lasttime上次……時(shí)anytime在任何時(shí)候bythetime到……為止2....onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)only修飾副詞或其他狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝。OnlyrecentlyhaveIthoughtofthem.直到最近我才想起他們。Onlyafterthelessondidshediscoverthatshehadlostherhandbag.下了課她才發(fā)現(xiàn)自己丟了手提包。Onlywhenthewarwasoverwasheabletoreturnhome.只有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束，他才能回家。 四、話題寫(xiě)作多積累訓(xùn)練五：寫(xiě)人物介紹人物介紹是高考中常見(jiàn)的書(shū)面表達(dá)形式之一，它主要是簡(jiǎn)單介紹某人的生平，從外貌到性格，從事跡到品質(zhì)來(lái)進(jìn)行描述。若作者語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)扎實(shí)，就會(huì)寫(xiě)得有聲有色。如果作者思想深刻，夾敘夾議，就會(huì)給人以教育和啟迪。1.人物寫(xiě)作通常需要介紹人物的姓名、年齡、外貌、學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷、專(zhuān)業(yè)、愛(ài)好、特長(zhǎng)、事跡、性格等多個(gè)方面，但英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作需要嚴(yán)格按照寫(xiě)作要求來(lái)寫(xiě)，要包括所給的全部信息點(diǎn)，既不能遺漏，也不能隨意添加。2.對(duì)題目所給的信息要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)重組，安排好寫(xiě)作順序，突出重點(diǎn)信息。3.正確運(yùn)用描寫(xiě)人物的詞匯和句型。寫(xiě)作步驟：(1)Birthdayandbirthplace(2)Familybackground(3)Education(4)Bigeventsinhisorherlife(按時(shí)間順序)(5)Evaluation評(píng)價(jià)1.Birthdayandbirthplacewas/werebornon...in...2.Familybackground1)apoor/richfamily,2)his(her)familywassopoorthat...,3)withthehelpofhisparents,4)hisfatherwasverystrictwithhim...,5)thesonofapoorfamily,6)whenhewasasmallboy,7)asachild,8)duringhis(her)childhood,9)spendhischildhoodin...,10)liveahappy(hard)life,11)aboyof153.Education1)graduatefrom...university,2)Whenatcollege,hemajoredin...,3)receiveadoctor'sdegree,4)bewelleducated,5)goabroadforfurtherstudies4.Bigeventsinhislife1)beinterestedin...,2)workhardat...,3)devotehislifetimeto...,4)doresearchabout/into...,5)befondof...,6)bestrictinsth.,7)havea．..wayofdoingsth.,8)tryone'sbesttodosth.，9)encouragesb.todosth.，10)fightfor，11)giveupone'slifeforsb./sth.,12)winaprizein..petition,13)begoodat5.Evaluation1)oneofthebest(mostimportant)．..,2)setagoodexampletosb.，3)amodelteacher,4)berespectedbyeveryone,5)singhighpraisefor...，speak(think)highlyof...,6)hishardworkbroughthimgreatsuccess,7)hisheroicstoryspreadalloverthecountry,8)remembersb.forever,9)behonoredas...,10)befamousas...,11)beregardedas...【例1】完成句子①他仔細(xì)檢查家具的品質(zhì)。Heexaminedthe__quality__of__the__furniturecarefully.②他具備了一個(gè)成功商人應(yīng)具有的所有品質(zhì)。Hehas__all__the__qualities__ofasuccessfulbusinessman.③這種新型號(hào)質(zhì)量非常好，而且也不貴。Thisnewmodelis__of__high__quality__andisnotexpensiveeither.④他死了，留下大量未發(fā)表的作品。Hediedandleft__a__large__quantity__of__unpublishedworks.⑤毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他能勝任這份工作。Thereisnodoubtthathe__is__qualified__for__thejob.quality用于指“商品”時(shí)，表示商品“質(zhì)量”，通常用單數(shù)形式quality；表示“商品的性能”時(shí)一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式qualities。【例2】(1)完成句子①他全身心投入研究，沒(méi)時(shí)間和我們過(guò)周末。__Devoted__tohisresearch，hesparednotimetospendaweekendwithus.②懷特夫人，我的一位忠實(shí)的朋友，獻(xiàn)身于教學(xué)，她對(duì)孩子們的關(guān)愛(ài)使我們投票選了她。Mrs.White,a__devoted__friendofmine,devoted__herself__to__teaching__andher__devotion__tochildrenmadeusvoteforher.(2)單句改錯(cuò)①Janedevotedherlifetoprotectanimalsinthewildandachievedatect改為protecting②Thelawyerwassokindthathedevotedallhissparetimehehadhelpingthedisabled.had后加to【例3】(1)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空①我們開(kāi)會(huì)對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行投票表決。Weholdameetingtotakeavote__on__theissue.②很少有人投票反對(duì)這項(xiàng)新政策。Fewpeoplevote__against__thenewpolicy.【例4】完成句子①敵人徹夜都在攻擊我們的機(jī)場(chǎng)。Theenemy__attacked__ourairportallnight.＝Theenemy__made__an__attack__on__ourairportallnight.②州長(zhǎng)因沒(méi)履行一項(xiàng)競(jìng)選時(shí)的承諾而被新聞界抨擊。Thegovernor__was__attacked__bythepressforfailingtokeepacampaignpromise.【例5】(1)完成句子①瑪麗與比爾的智力不相上下。Mary__is__quite__equal__to__Billinbrains.②他能勝任管理辦公室的工作。He__is__equal__to__runningtheoffice.(2)單句改錯(cuò)①I(mǎi)hopethatheprovesequalinthechallenge.in改為to②Thoughsheisyoung，shehasnoequaltomusic.to改為inequal還可作“能勝任的，合適的”解，指有力量、勇氣、能力等做某事，是表語(yǔ)形容詞，與to連用，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞?！纠?】完成句子①無(wú)論是誰(shuí)觸犯法律都避免不了受到處罰。Whoeverbreaksthelawwon't__escape__being__punished__．②這個(gè)士兵從敵人的監(jiān)獄里逃了出來(lái)。Thesoldier__escaped__from__theenemy'sprison.③一旦釣住，魚(yú)就沒(méi)機(jī)會(huì)逃脫。Oncehooked，fish__have__no__chance__of__escape__．escape后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。escape的過(guò)去分詞形式不是表示被動(dòng)而是表示完成，如escapedprisoner意為“逃犯”?！纠?】(1)完成句子①他總是認(rèn)為公司會(huì)因?yàn)樗呐ぷ鞫?jiǎng)賞他。Healwaysbelievedthatthepanywould__reward__him__for__hisefforts.②我送給他一本書(shū)來(lái)答謝他的幫助。Igavehimabook__in__reward__for__hishelp.＝I__rewarded__him__with__abookforhishelp.(2)用reward或者award完成句子莫言被授予諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。在他的業(yè)余時(shí)間，他總是樂(lè)于幫助年輕作家，我們?cè)鯓硬拍軋?bào)答他的好意呢？MoYan__was__awarded__theNobelPrizeinLiterature.Inhissparetime，hehasalwaysbeenreadytohelpyoungwriters.Howcanwe__reward__hiskindness?下面兩句話的意思不同：Theyhavesoughttheopinionoftheworkersinthefactory.他們征求了廠內(nèi)工人的意見(jiàn)。Theyhaveagoodopinionoftheworkersinthefactory.他們對(duì)這家工廠的工人評(píng)價(jià)高?！纠?】用outof相關(guān)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空①到此書(shū)出版時(shí)，它已經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)了。Itwasalready__out__of__date__bythetimeitwaspublished.②飛機(jī)失控，墜入大海。Theplanegot__out__of__control__andcrashedintothesea.③他上星期病得很重，但現(xiàn)在已脫離了危險(xiǎn)。Hewasveryilllastweekbutisnow__out__of__danger__．④他的房子那時(shí)已破舊了。Hishousegot__out__of__repair__then.【例2】同義句轉(zhuǎn)換他自稱(chēng)是足球明星，可事實(shí)上他球技平平。Heclaimstobeafootballstar.Asamatteroffact,heisjustanindifferentplayer.＝Heclaimstobeafootballstar,but__in__fact,__heisjustanindifferentplayer.＝Heclaimstobeafootballstar,but__in__reality,__heisjustanindifferentplayer.【例3】根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子①Heneveresexceptwhenheis__in__trouble__(有麻煩)．②Don'timaginethatyou'retheonlyperson__in__trouble__(不幸).③Theboy__got__into__trouble__(出事了)whenhelefthometoliveinLondon.④That'snoneofyourbusiness.Pleasedon't__ask__for/look__for__trouble__(找麻煩)．⑤Studentsgrowingupfromnurseryschooltocollege__have__trouble__(有困難)dealingwithrealities.【例4】觀察句子，寫(xiě)出黑體部分的含義①HewastheoneIalwaysturnedtoforstrengthandsecurity.____求助于__②IfyouturntoPage40，youwillfindit.__翻到__③Moreandmorepeopleturntoputerscience.__從事于；致力于__④AsIclimbedoutofthecaratthehospitalandturnedtothankher，shesmiledandtoldmenottolosefaith.__轉(zhuǎn)向__⑤Youshouldn'talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoumeetnewwordsinreading.__查閱__【例5】完成句子①不要失去信心，一切都會(huì)好起來(lái)的。Don't__lose__heart,__allwillturnoutwell.②她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。She__lost__her__heart__to__ayoungsoldier.③這男孩背下了這首詩(shī)。Theboy__learned__thepoem__by__heart__.【例6】完成句子①據(jù)說(shuō)這位新總統(tǒng)上臺(tái)時(shí)會(huì)面臨很多困難。Itissaidthatwhenthenewpresident__es__to__power,__hewillhavetofacemanydifficultproblems.②這屆政府已執(zhí)政兩年。Thegovernmenthasbeen__in__power__fortwoyears.③要為醫(yī)療站籌集五千塊錢(qián)是一項(xiàng)他們力不能勝的任務(wù)。Theraisingof5，000yuanfortheclinicwasatask__beyond__their__power__.④我父親已喪失了工作能力。Myfatherhas__lost__his__powers__towork.【例7】用set的適當(dāng)短語(yǔ)填空①Afund__will__be__set__up__(將設(shè)立)forthedeadmen'sfamilies.②He__set__aside__(放一邊)hisownworkand__set__about__(著手)helpingme.③Shelistenedattentivelyand__set__down__(記下來(lái))everywordhesaid.④Thenovel__is__set__in__(以……為背景)pre－warLondon.【例8】完成句子①一個(gè)兇手被判三年徒刑，另一個(gè)被判處死刑。Onemurdererwas__sentenced__to__threeyearsinprisonandtheotherwassentenced__to__death__．②那小偷被判5年監(jiān)禁。Thethief__received__asentence__of__5yearsinprison.③法官宣判他服苦役。Thejudge__sentenced__him__to__do__hardlabour.【例1】完成句子①每當(dāng)我在公園看到這位老人時(shí)他都在專(zhuān)注讀報(bào)。__Each__time__Iseetheoldmaninthepark，heisabsorbedinreadingnewspapers.②下次我遇到他，我會(huì)告訴他這個(gè)消息的。__Next__time__Imeethim,I'lltellhimthenews.③這是我第一次通過(guò)考試。ThatisthefirsttimethatI__have__passed__(pass)theexam.Itwasthefirsttime(that)．..是固定句式，it也可換成this或that，first也可換成second，third等以表達(dá)不同的意義。Itwillbe/is＋thefirsttime(that)＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Itwas＋thefirsttime(that)＋主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)?！纠?】完成句子①只有用上你全部的時(shí)間和精力，你才能把這項(xiàng)工作做好。__Only__with__all__your__time__and__energy__canyoudothisjobwell.②只有以這種方式我們才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。__Only__in__this__way__can__we__learnEnglishwell.③似乎只有一部分孩子明白。Onlysomeofthechildren__seemed__to__haveunderstoodit.④只有當(dāng)他病情嚴(yán)重時(shí)他才住院。Onlywhenheisseriouslyill__does__he__everstayinhospital.only放于句首，修飾主語(yǔ)，句子不用倒裝。如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。(2018屆山東青島質(zhì)檢)假設(shè)你是李華，是校英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部的成員。英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部下次交流的話題是MyHero，請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇英語(yǔ)發(fā)言稿，介紹你班身殘志堅(jiān)的同學(xué)——王躍。內(nèi)容包括：1.他不能正常地走路；2.他對(duì)待生活和學(xué)習(xí)的態(tài)度；3.你敬佩他的原因。注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dearfriends,MynameisLiHua.Iwouldliketosharemyherowithyou,oneofmyclassmatesnamedWangYue.WhenWangYuewasborn,hesufferedfromararedisease,makinghimunabletowalknormally.However,WangYuestayspositiveaboutlife.Heworkshardathislessonsandhisambitionistobeeascientist.WangYueismyherobecausehenevergivesuphisdreamalthoughhehasaphysicaldisability.Hisexampleinspiresustotryourbesttomakeourdreametrue.That'sall.Thankyou.【構(gòu)思】體裁記敘文話題人物介紹時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)人稱(chēng)第三人稱(chēng)【重點(diǎn)詞組】1.與某人分享share...withsb.2.遭受；患有sufferfrom3.結(jié)果asaresult4.對(duì)……保持樂(lè)觀be/staypositiveabout5.努力學(xué)習(xí)……workhardat...6.放棄夢(mèng)想giveupone'sdream7.盡全力tryone'sbest8.使夢(mèng)想成真makeone'sdreametrue【句子升級(jí)】1.Iwouldliketosharemyherowithyou，andheisoneofmyclassmatesnamedWangYue.(用名詞短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子)Iwouldliketosharemyherowithyou，oneofmyclassmatesnamedWangYue.2．WhenWangYuewasborn,hesufferedfromararedisease，whichmadehimunabletowalknormally.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子)WhenWangYuewasborn,hesufferedfromararedisease,makinghimunabletowalknormally.考向一在短文改錯(cuò)中設(shè)題(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.【答案】that改為which考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，缺少主語(yǔ)，指前面的garden，應(yīng)該使用which?？枷蚨陂喿x理解中考查“名人”話題(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，A)YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860—1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofmunity(社區(qū))bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907—1964)Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.SandraDayO'Connor(1930—present)WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(參議員)and，in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU．S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil－rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredIgivingin，”saidParks.1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork.B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.C.Hereffortstowinaprize. D.Hermunitybackground.2.WhatisthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil－rightsmovementintheUS?A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO'Connor.D.RosaParks.4.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace－lovers. 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了幾位著名的女性，她們都為人類(lèi)的進(jìn)步做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話可知她是一個(gè)社會(huì)工作者，而且獲得了諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman可知，她因?yàn)樽约菏桥远环晒揪芙^錄用。3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段倒數(shù)第二句中andkickedoffthecivil－rightsmovement可知，RosaParks對(duì)民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選D。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對(duì)這幾個(gè)人物的介紹可知，這些女性都是在各自的領(lǐng)域?yàn)樯鐣?huì)做出貢獻(xiàn)的先驅(qū)。故選C。計(jì)策1：看標(biāo)點(diǎn)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的類(lèi)型計(jì)策2：that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句計(jì)策1：多讀名人傳記古人說(shuō)：少年養(yǎng)志。如何養(yǎng)志，通過(guò)讀名人傳記是一個(gè)很好的方法。名人傳記的故事都來(lái)源于現(xiàn)實(shí)，可以讓我們對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)社會(huì)有一個(gè)正確的認(rèn)識(shí)和了解，有利于培養(yǎng)個(gè)人的正確價(jià)值觀，也能幫助我們樹(shù)立遠(yuǎn)大的志向。在選擇讀書(shū)的時(shí)候，也要注意選擇好的版本和有學(xué)習(xí)價(jià)值的人物。計(jì)策2：通過(guò)專(zhuān)有名詞定位重要信息每篇文章不論長(zhǎng)短都有其中心思想，用以支持和發(fā)展中心思想的具體信息就是命題時(shí)的重要依據(jù)。答題時(shí)要圍繞中心思想，特別留意閱讀材料中的有關(guān)數(shù)字、時(shí)間、專(zhuān)有名詞、原因和特點(diǎn)等具體信息。題干中的標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)是從閱讀材料中快速尋找答題依據(jù)的“路標(biāo)”。計(jì)策3：找關(guān)鍵詞理清語(yǔ)篇陳述的基本事實(shí)，可以按時(shí)間順序逐一整理，把握文章主角的人生經(jīng)歷。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，可以按照下面要素去歸納整理，即什么人、在什么時(shí)候、什么地方、做了什么事、體現(xiàn)了他什么品格、作者有什么評(píng)價(jià)、這事產(chǎn)生了什么影響、對(duì)我們有什么啟迪。這一過(guò)程是解答閱讀題的基礎(chǔ)，也是關(guān)鍵，也是將文章串聯(lián)起來(lái)的重要關(guān)鍵詞。一、詞匯拓展1.qualityn.質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)adj.優(yōu)良的，高級(jí)的→__qualified__adj.有資格的→__qualification__n.資格，限制，條件2.meanadj.吝嗇的；自私的；卑鄙的v.意欲；打算→__meaning__n．意義→__meaningful__adj.有意義的→__meaningless__adj.沒(méi)有意義的3.activeadj.積極的；活躍的→__actively__adv.積極地，主動(dòng)地；活躍地4.generousadj.慷慨的；大方的→__generously__adv.慷慨地→__generosity__n.慷慨，大方5.selfn.自我；自身→__selfish__adj.自私的→__selfless__adj.無(wú)私的；忘我的→__selflessly__adv.無(wú)私地；忘我地6.devotevt.獻(xiàn)身；專(zhuān)心于→__devoted__adj.忠實(shí)的；深?lèi)?ài)的→__devotion__n.熱愛(ài)；投入7.foundvt.建立；建設(shè)→__founder__n.創(chuàng)立者，奠基者8.peacen.和平；和睦→__peaceful__adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的→__peacefully__adv.和平地9.lawn.法律→__lawyer__n.律師10.guidev.指導(dǎo)；管理→__guidance__n.指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)→__guideline__n.指導(dǎo)方針；參考11.legaladj.法律的；依照法律的→__illegal__adj.非法的，違法的12.hopefuladj.懷有希望的；有希望的→__hopefully__adv.懷有希望地→__hopeless__adj.沒(méi)有希望的13.votevt.&vi.投票；選舉n.投票；選票；表決→__voter__n.選民14.violencen.暴力；暴行→__violent__adj.暴力的，猛烈的15.willingadj.樂(lè)意的；自愿的→__unwilling__adj.不情愿的16.fairadj.公正的；公平的→__unfair__adj.不公正的；不公平的→__fairly__adv.相當(dāng)17.educatevt.教育；訓(xùn)練→__educated__adj.受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的→__education__n.教育→__educator__n.教育工作者，教育家18.begvi.請(qǐng)求；乞求→__beggar__n.乞丐19.relativen.親戚；親屬→__relation__n.關(guān)系→__related__adj.相關(guān)的20.terrorn.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖時(shí)期→__terrorist__n.恐怖分子→__terrible__adj.可怕的21.crueladj.殘忍；殘酷→__cruelty__n.殘忍；殘酷二、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Itwas__generous__(generosity)ofyoutogivemeahandwithmyEnglish.2.Your__relatives__(relative)arethemembersofyourfamily.3.Twooftheprisonershave__escaped__(escape)．4.Youshouldn'tthinkonlyaboutyourownneeds.It'stoo__selfish__(self)．5.Someofthegamesarefullof__violence__(violent).Toomuchfightingisnotgoodforyoungkidstoplay.6.Youngpeopleshould__be__educated__(educate)inhowtoprotectnature.7.Theofficialorderedtheprisoners__be__sentenced__(sentence)todeathrightaway.8.Lotsof__heroes__(hero)losttheirlivesinfightingwiththefire.9.Manyyoungpeopleare__willing__(will)tobevolunteersinhelpingthoseinpoorareas.10.Hestudiedlawinhis__youth__(young),andlater,hebecamealawyer.11.Theoldman__rewarded__(reward)theboywithasmileforhelpinghim.12.He__equals__(equal)meinstrengthbutnotinintelligence.三、用短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thesuddenheavysnow__stopped__them__from__gettinghomeasearlyasexpected.2.Hisglassesfelldowntothegroundandbroke__into__pieces．3.Don't__worry__about__herhealth;Ithinkshewilltakegoodcareofherself.4.Ijustcan'tunderstandwhysheis__out__of__work__again.5.Youcan't__lose__heart__infaceofanydifficulty.6.Boysandgirls,let'sdoourbesttohelpthose__in__trouble__．7.Itisreportedthatthenewpresidentwill__e__to__power__nextmonth.8.Itissaidthatanewfactorywillbe__set__up__inmyhometown.9.Themurdererwill__be__sentenced__to__death__forkillingafewgirls.10.Thethiefwill__b