+Module+7-11+語法講解-被動(dòng)、定語從句 外研版九年級英語上冊

PAGE1PAGE4天道酬勤誠不欺我九年級上被動(dòng)+定語從句被動(dòng)動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)表示主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語中有兩種語態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。1.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)Farmersgrowriceinspring.被動(dòng)Riceisgrownbyfarmersinspring.賓變主，主變賓，by短語后面跟謂語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)，be后”過分”來使用形式:bedone2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式:is/am/are+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法A.不知道或沒有必要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，或者大家都清楚動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(此時(shí)不帶由by一起的短語)Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.B.動(dòng)作的承受者是談話的中心時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)(這時(shí)可帶由by引起的短語)ThebookiswrittenbyLuXun.C.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)Thetableismadeofstone.D.出于禮貌等方面的考慮不愿說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài).HeisaskedtogiveatalkabouthowtolearnEnglishwell.句型轉(zhuǎn)換肯定句:主語+is/am/are+done+(by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)否定句:主語+is/am/are+not+done+(by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)一般疑問句:is/am/are+主語+done+(by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)特殊疑問句:疑問詞+is/am/are+主語+done+(by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)【注意】不能被動(dòng)：反身代詞、相互代詞謂語動(dòng)詞是表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞(have,own,possess,belongto)典型例題Manytreesonbothsidesofthestreetseveryyear,sotheairisveryfreshnow.A.plantB.areplantedC.plantedD.wereplanted2.Flowersalongtheroadinmycityeveryday.A.plantB.plantedC.areplantedD.wereplanted3.-Sixteen-year-oldstodriveinChina.-ButinAmerica,theycan.isallowedB.isnotallowedC.areallowedD.arenotallowed4.MostriceinthesouthofChina.A.producesB.isproducingC.isproducedD.areproduced5.-Doyoulikereadingbooks?-Yes.Everyoneinmyclasstodomorereadinginandafterclassbyourteacher.areencouragedB.isencouragedC.areencouragingD.encourages6.-Mollyhaschangedsomuch!Shebeshyandquiet.-Yeah.Butnowshespeakinginfrontofclass.A.usedto,isusedtoB.isusedto,usedtoC.usedto,usedto一般過去式的被動(dòng)a.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)was/were+doneb.主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)look/smell/feel/taste表示事物的品質(zhì)狀態(tài)sell,wash,write,cut,wearc.make,hear,see,notice,watch等詞在主動(dòng)句中作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不帶to，變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)+toMymothermakesmedochoreseveryday.Iammadetodochoreseverydaybymymother.典型例題Thetelephonebyawell-knowninventor,AlexanderGrahamBell.inventedB.inventingC.wasinventedD.invent2.Manytreesandflowersinourschoollastyearandtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.A.haveplantedB.areplantedC.wereplantedD.willbeplanted3.-Oh,myGod!Ican’tfindmykeytotheoffice.-Don’tworry.Perhapsitatyourhome.leftB.hasleftC.wasleftD.hadleft-Whyisyourbedroomsodirty?-Sorry,Mum.It.Ifeltverytiredafterplayingsoccer.isn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.doesn’tcleanD.wasn’tcleanedWhenhecalledthebusservice,hethattherewasnomorebus.wastellingB.wastoldC.hastoldD.hadtoldThecharacterHarryPotterbyJ.KRowlinginthe1990s.createdB.wascreatedC.hascreatedD.willbecreated一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)1.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)willbedone/begoingtobedone/shallbedoneBookswon’tbereplacedbycomputers.A.表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排發(fā)生的被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作。如：Thisworkwill/isgoingto/istobedoneatonce.B.表示有固定性條件就有規(guī)律性被動(dòng)結(jié)果，此時(shí)常用。如：Ifyouparkyourcarhere,youwillbefined.C.用于時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，此時(shí)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式代替一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollectioniscompleted.典型例題1.AbaseballmatchbetweenClassTwoandClassThreetomorrowafternoon.A.isheldB.willbeheldC.mustbeheldD.washeld2.Manybuildingsinourschoolnextyear.A.havebuiltB.arebuiltC.werebuiltD.willbebuilt3.Well,moremoneywhenweusebothsidesofpaper.Doyouknow?A.willsaveB.wassavedC.willbesavedD.hassaved4.-Mike,whenwillyoufinishyourhomework?-Hmm,itinanhour.A.finishB.finishedC.isfinishedD.willbefinished5.It’sreportedthatJiangsuGrandTheatreinSeptemberthisyear.A.completesB.iscompletesC.willcompleteD.willbecompeted6.Thewaterwillbefurtherpollutedunlesssomemeasures______.A.willbetakenB.aretakenC.weretakenD.hadbeentaken7.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,thesportsmeet______intheplaygroundofourschool.A.isholdingB.willholdC.willbeheldD.istobeholding8.Theproblem______inthecomingmeeting.A.isdiscussedB.isdiscussingC.isbeingdiscussedD.willbediscussed定語從句概念定義：在復(fù)合句中起定語從句，修飾某一名詞、代詞或是整個(gè)句子的從句叫定語從句。關(guān)系詞:被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that，which,who（賓語whom,所有格whose),關(guān)系副詞有where,when,why等。先行詞：被修飾的詞定語從句置于先行詞后that引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法可指人也可指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)常省略that前無介詞，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句that指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，可換為whoHeisthekindmanthatalwayshelpsothers.that指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，可換為who/whom，可省略Themanwhom/that/whomyfathertalkedwithwasmyEnglishteacher.that指物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，可換為whichthat指物，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，可換為which只能用that的情況:1.先行詞是all,any,something,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代詞等。Everythingthathetoldmewastrue.2.先行詞被最高級，序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)3.先行詞既指人，又指物Theboyandthedogthatarerunninginthestreetgetwetallover.4.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast,thejust,theright等修飾時(shí)AustraliaistheonlyEnglish-speakingcountrythatIhaveevervisited.5.當(dāng)主句是由who/which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，只用thatWhoisthemanthatwearssunglasses?關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要與先行詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致.Ilikethefoodthattastesgood.典型例題Wearetalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertlastnight.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom2.Kids,Ihopeyou’llrememberthegoodolddayswespenttogetherinjuniorhighthoughit’stimetosaygoodbye.A.whoB.whatC.which3.TheyarelotsofthingsIneedtopreparebeforethetrip.A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose4.Aliceprefersstoriesthatshortandfunny.A.areB.isC.wasD.were5.Marialovesmusicshecansingalongwith./IlikemusicIcandanceto.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whomE./6.AllIcandoforyouistostaywithyou.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as用下劃線劃出定語從句、先行詞、關(guān)系詞。Themanthatisspeakingatthemeetingisanexcellentworker.Isthisthedoctorthatyoutalkedaboutyesterday?HaveyoueverseenthebookIboughtlastweek?4、TheairportatwhichArmstronglearnedtoflywasnearhishome.5、ThemantowhomShutteworthspokeinspacewasTito.把下列句子改為含定語從句的復(fù)合句Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.Themoviewaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.Theyoungmanismymathsteacher.Hewearsglasses.LiuYangisthefirstChinesewomanastronaut.Shehasevertravelledinspace.隨堂練習(xí)7.Notallchildren________watchthisvideowillbecomeascientist,butsomemaybecomeinterestedinscience.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose8.Wearetalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertlastnight.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom9.—Doyouliketheweeklytalkshow,TheReader,onCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogram_______purposeistobringthehabitofreadingbackintothepublic.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whose10.Thecharitieshavehelpedmorechildrenwiththemoney_______peopleraise.A.whoB.whatC.whereD.which11.—PleasetellmesomethingaboutYangLiwei.—Heisagreatastronautof________alltheChineseareproud.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whom12.Thephoto______takenbymybrotherlastweekisverynice.A.whichwereB.thatisC.thatwereD.whichwas13.Ilikethecity_______thepeoplearereallykindandfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who14.IbegantoworkinShanghaiintheyear_________HongKongwasreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when15.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyouprefer?—Ipreferthemovies________mesomethingtothinkabout.A.whichgiveB.thatgivesC.whichgivesD.whogives16.Mycousinisaboy_____lotsoftroubletohisparents.A.whobringB.whichbringsC.whobringsD.thatbring17.—Frank,look!Whoarethechildrenunderthetree______waitinginline?—TheyarethestudentsfromNo.1PrimarySchool.A.thatareB.whereareC.whichisD.whois18.—Nowmanyp