2025屆高考英語二輪復習之閱讀理解“典型技巧”高效練典型技巧05隱含信息的邏輯推理含解析

典型技巧05隱含信息的邏輯推理【考情角度】考情分析人物故事類記敘文通過敘述有意義的小故事介紹某人的事跡，多依據時間先后依次進行敘述，間或也有倒敘或插敘的狀況，倒敘是為突出某個重要的表現，中心思想的部分并將其提到前面敘述，然后再按事務原來的發(fā)展依次敘述?？疾榻嵌瘸？疾殡[含推斷題，細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，有時也考查人物性格題?！菊骖}再現】(2024·北京高考·B)主題語境：對社會有突出貢獻的人AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweeteq\a\vs4\al(treat)thatcouldsavekids'teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofeq\a\vs4\al(missingouton)candies.Soshedesiredtoeq\a\vs4\al(getround)thewarning,“Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit？”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad'spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandeq\a\vs4\al(tooth-friendly).Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathereq\a\vs4\al(secured)theirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore'seq\a\vs4\al(credibility)asayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandaeq\a\vs4\al(broad)smile.Meanwhile,withherparents'help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn'teq\a\vs4\al(driven)primarilybyeq\a\vs4\al(profit).Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.1.HowdidMooreeq\a\vs4\al(reacttoherdad'swarning)？A.Shearguedwithhim. B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention. D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.2.Whatiseq\a\vs4\al(special)aboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.D.Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.3.WhatdoesMooreeq\a\vs4\al(expectfromherbusiness)？A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.4.Whatcanweeq\a\vs4\al(learnfromAliceMoore'sstory)？A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.【答案與解析】1.B2.A3.B4.C1.由關鍵詞“herdad'swarning”定位到其次段第五句，可推出Moore想制造出對牙齒無害的糖果。2.由第三段對糖果特點的描述可知答案。3.由第五段最終一句可推斷Moore對自己事業(yè)的期望。expect是原文hopes的同義替換。4.由倒敘描寫中的父親提出警告→引發(fā)思索→做出努力→勝利，不難推出正確答案?！驹~匯積累】profitn.利潤tooth-friendlyadj.對牙無害的credibilityn.可信性treatn.美味，難得的享受securevt.得到broadadj.絢麗的drivevt.驅使missouton錯過getaround克服(困難/問題)getofftheground起先獲得勝利；取得進展【技巧釋義】邏輯分析推斷隱含信息?敘述故事結果研發(fā)勝利糖果，成為年輕有為的創(chuàng)業(yè)者?倒敘研發(fā)過程①敘述研發(fā)糖果緣由(第2段)父親的警告引發(fā)Moore思索②研發(fā)糖果所付出的努力和糖果特點(第3段)關鍵詞：tasty,tooth-friendly,naturalsweeteners,reduceoralbacteria(可解第2題)父親的警告(糖果對牙齒有害)→Moore不想沒有糖果→想避開這個警告→開自己的糖果公司(可解第1題)③父親供應的幫助助力Moore的公司勝利(第4段)?Moore的生活看法利用自己獨特的才能給他人帶去歡樂的決心(可解第3題)【技巧演練】（建議用時：45分鐘）Ifyouhavespentanytimereadingpapersonteachingstrategiesinthepastfewyears,youhaveprobablynoticedastrongbacklashagainstdrill&practice,infavorof“constructivistactivities”and“project-basedlearning”.Memorizingfacts,manypeopleargue,isanoutdatededucationalpractice,sinceanyonecouldjustGoogleafactondemandorlookituponWikipedianowadays.Theyconsiderthatweshouldfocusallschoolactivitiesontheacquisitionofskillsasopposedtoknowledge.However,learningbyrote(memorizationbyrepetition)ismoreimportantthanyouthink.Therearemanycasesinwhichhavingknowledgeimmediatelyonthetipofyourtonguecanhavegreatsocialandprofessionalvalue.Forexample,lastnightatanetworkingevent,whenIcasuallyaskedaNigerianentrepreneurhowmuchofhisbusinesswasconductedinEnglishversusinhisnativeYoruba,heimmediatelybecamemoreengagedinourconversation.ItwasasifthesimplefactthatIknewthatYorubawasspokeninNigeriawonhistrust,andthereforebuiltupourrelationship.Thesamegoesforprofessionalsettings.IfIamapharmaceuticalsalesmantalkingtoadoctoraboutaspecificdigestiondrug,andheasksifithasanyeffectontheprocessofperistalsis,itwilllookquiteunprofessionalifIhavetopulloutmymedicaldictionarytolookuptheword.IneedtomemorizethosefactssothatIcanaccessthemimmediately.Ofcourse,mostconstructivisteducatorswillarguethaton-the-jobtrainingandproject-basedlearningaremoreeffectiveatlearningnewconceptsthanrotememorization.Theproblemisthatnosinglecost-effectiveconstructivistactivitywillguaranteethatyouwillbeexposedtoalltheconceptsyouneed,orthatyouwillfullyrememberthefactsthatyouareexposedto.Ifyouactuallywanttoacquireafullrangeofknowledgeaboutagiventopic,themostguaranteedandefficientwayistostudydeliberatelyusingthetime-honoredpracticeofrepetition—specificallyconfidence-basedrepetition.1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostpopularteachingmethodnow?A.Drill&practice. B.Memorizingfacts.C.Constructivistactivities. D.Confidence-basedrepetition.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backlash”inparagraph1referto?A.Outdatedidea. B.Negativereaction.C.Educationalstandard. D.Officialsupport.3.Whyistheauthor’scommunicationwithaNigerianentrepreneurmentioned?A.ToshowthevalueofknowingaboutYoruba.B.Tosupporthisargumentforlearningbyrote.C.Tointroduceeffectivecommunicationskills.D.Toprovethepowerofhavingawiderangeofknowledge.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutproject-basedlearning?A.Itisoflimitedvalueinlearningnewconcepts.B.Itisanefficientwaytolearnanewconcept.C.Itshouldbecombinedwithafullrangeofknowledge.D.Itwillbereplacedbythetime-honoredpracticeofrepetition.【答案】1.C2.B3.B4.A【分析】這是一篇爭論文。文中作者主要就如今流行的一種劇烈的反對練習和實踐，支持“建構主義活動”和“基于項目的學習”的教學方式提出了自己的看法。作者認為死記硬背的學習方式仍舊重要，同時指出了上述這兩種教學方法存在的一些問題。1.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段“Ifyouhavespentanytimereadingpapersonteachingstrategiesinthepastfewyears,youhaveprobablynoticedastrongbacklashagainstdrill&practice,infavorof‘constructivistactivities’and‘project-basedlearning’.(假如你在過去幾年里花時間閱讀過關于教學策略的論文，你可能已經留意到現在有一種劇烈的反對練習和實踐的思潮，它支持‘建構主義活動’和‘基于項目的學習’)”可知，建構主義活動是現在最流行的教學方法。故選C。2.詞義揣測題。依據畫線詞后文“againstdrill&practice,infavorof‘constructivistactivities’and‘project-basedlearning’”可知，如今的一種思潮反對練習和實踐的思潮，支持“建構主義活動”和“基于項目的學習”，即畫線詞意思為“反對”與B選項意思最為接近。故選B。3.推理推斷題。依據第三段“However,learningbyrote(memorizationbyrepetition)ismoreimportantthanyouthink.....”可推知，作者提到與尼日利亞企業(yè)家的溝通，是為了支持他通過死記硬背學習的觀點。故選B。4.推理推斷題。依據最終一段“Ofcourse,mostconstructivisteducatorswillarguethaton-the-jobtrainingandproject-basedlearningaremoreeffectiveatlearningnewconceptsthanrotememorization....”可推知，作者認為基于項目的學習在學習新概念方面的價值是有限的。故選A。2SomepeopleaskedmehowIcouldsuggesttheexpensesofbillionsofdollarsforavoyagetoMars,atatimewhenmanychildrenonthisEartharestarvingtodeath.Iknowthattheydonotexpectananswersuchas"Oh,Ididnotknowthattherearechildrendyingfromhunger,butfromnowonIwillstopanykindofspaceresearchuntilmankindhassolvedthatproblem!"Infact,Ihaveknownofthislongbefore.ButIfirmlybelievethatbyworkingforthespaceprogramwecanmakesomecontributionstothereliefandeventualsolutionofsuchseriousproblemsaspovertyandhungerontheearth.Twobasicfactorscausingthepovertyandhungerproblemsaretheproductionoffoodandthedistribution（分布）offood.Infact,largeareasoflandcouldbeusedfarbetterifefficientmethodsoffarming,fertilizeruse,weatherforecasting,fieldsection,planting,cropsurveys,harvestplanningandsoonwereapplied.Thebesttoolfortheimprovementofallthesemethodsundoubtedlyistheartificial.EarthsatelliteCirclingtheglobeatahighaltitude,itcanscreenwideareasoflandwithashorttime;itcanobserveandmeasurealargevarietyoffactorsindicatingthestatusandconditionofcrops,soil,droughts,rainfall,snowcover,etc.Besides,inmodernsociety,thereisacontinuinggreatneedfornewbasicknowledgeinscienceifwewishtoimprovetheconditionsofhumanlifeontheearth.Weneedmoreknowledgeinphysicsandchemistry,inbiologyandphysiology,andparticularlyinmedicinetocopewithalltheseproblemswhichthreatenman'slife:hunger,disease,overpopulation,pollutionofwaterandtheenvironment.Inaway,thespaceagenotonlyholdsoutamirrorinwhichwecanseeourselves,italsoprovidesuswiththetechnologies.5.Thepassageismainlydiscussingabout.A.whetherthechildren'sdyingfromhungeristhemajorproblemB.whetherthereisaneffectivewaytoavoidtheglobalstarvationC.whethertheauthor'ssuggestionhasbeentakenintoseriousconsiderationD.whetheritisworthspendingmuchmoneyonthespaceresearch6.Accordingtotheauthor,whatplaysanimportantpartindealingwithpovertyandhunger?A.Foodsupply. B.Methodsoffarming.C.Government D.Moderntechnology.7.Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthat.A.morebasicknowledgeisrequiredtobelearnedB.technologiescanhelptoimproveourlivingqualityC.wecanliveamorepeacefulandhappierlifeD.therearedifferentviewsonthespaceage【答案】5.D6.A7.B【分析】這是一篇爭論文。當世界上很多孩子正面臨著饑餓的時候,是否應當花巨資進行太空探討呢“對這一問題,作者在本篇文章指出造成貧困和饑餓，并說明白進行太空探究的必要性。5.主旨大意題。文章第1段中，作者在深知在地球上仍有大量兒童死于饑餓的今日，仍堅持認為應將大量的經費用于太空探究；依據其次段中ButIfirmlybelievethatbyworkingforthespaceprogramwecanmakesomecontributionstothereliefandeventualsolutionofsuchseriousproblemsaspovertyandhungerontheearth.（但是我堅信，通過為太空項目而努力，我們可以為緩解并最終解決地球上貧困和饑餓等嚴峻問題做出一些貢獻。）可知本段內容是作者在具體闡述太空項目如何幫助解決地球上的貧困和饑餓等問題；依據第3段第一句Besides,inmodernsociety,thereisacontinuinggreatneedfornewbasicknowledgeinscienceifwewishtoimprovetheconditionsofhumanlifeontheearth.（此外，在現代社會中，假如我們想要改善地球上人類生活的條件，就會持續(xù)地須要新的科學基礎學問。）和最終一句中thespaceagealsoprovidesuswiththetechnologies.（它還為我們供應技術。）可知，太空技術能供應改善地球人類生活條件所必需的新技術。綜上所述，文章主要在探討一個問題，即把更多的金錢花費在探究太空方面是否值得。故選D。6.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據其次段中Twobasicfactorscausingthepovertyandhungerproblemsaretheproductionoffoodandthedistribution（分布）offood.（造成貧困和饑餓問題的兩個基本因素是糧食生產和糧食安排。）可知在處理貧困和饑餓中起重要作用的是食物的供應。故選A項。7.推理推斷題。依據最終一段中的inmodernsociety,thereisacontinuinggreatneedfornewbasicknowledgeinscienceifwewishtoimprovetheconditionsofhumanlifeontheearth.（在現代社會，假如我們想要改善地球上人類生活的條件，就會持續(xù)地須要新的科學基礎學問）可知，新的科學基礎學問可以讓我們改善生活質量。而新的科學基礎學問又可以產生新科技，所以可推斷，科技可以改善我們的生活質量。故選B。3Growingup,weareconstantlyremindedthatyoungpeopleareheavilyaffectedbytechnology.Wearethe“antisocialclub”,thosewhoprefertotextourfriendsinthesameroomratherthanmakeeyecontactwiththem.Andeventhoughnever-endingstudiesrevealtoustheextentofoursocialmediaaddiction,weshouldatleastconsiderthatit’snotonlyouryoungpeople’sproblemanymore.There’stheriseoftheInstagrammums,wholiketopostanabundanceofcutebabypictures,sharetheirmomfeelingsalongthewayandshowtheirwonderfullifestyles.Theyaretheso-called“Facebookmumgeneration”,agrowinggroupofparentsthatliketoovershare.Whileallofthismightbefine,andevenalittlehumorous,newresearchsuggeststhatparents’technologyaddictionisnegativelyaffectingtheirchildren’sbehavior.Accordingtothestudy,40%ofmothersand32%offathershaveadmittedhavingsomesortofphoneaddiction.Thishasledtoasignificantfallinverbalinteractionswithinfamiliesandevenadeclineinmothers’encouragingtheirchildren.ThereisnodenyingthatIgetannoyedwhenreceivingthewords“I’llbewithyousoon”fromaparent,whenallIwanttodoisaskonequestion.But,atthesametime,everydayleavingtheroomtowaituntilmyfatherisfinishedwithhis“seriousbusiness”(Farmville),hasnowbecomethenorm.Whetheryouwanttoescapeyourdisturbingchildrenforabit,orwanttostayuplateflickingthroughTwitter,knowthatwantingtodoalloftheseisnormal.We,yourchildren,knowhowaddictiveitcanbeandhowdifficultitistoswitchoff.Butbeforetellingustoputourphonesawayatthetableorevenworse,listingstatisticsofhowdamagingsocialmediacanbeforus,maybeleadbyexample,consideringhowmuchtimeyouspendonthephoneandhowthisisimpactingyourchildrenandyourrelationshipwithus.Maybeinthiswaywecanworkonouraddictiontogether.8.FromParagraph1,wecanknowthatteenagersnowadays________.A.enjoysocializingwiththeirfriends B.sendmessagestotheirfriendseverydayC.hatetomakeeyecontactwiththeirfriends D.areheavilyaddictedtotheirmobilephones9.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofmums’oversharing?A.Boring. B.Selfish. C.Funny. D.Meaningful.10.Theunderlinedword“norm”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A.security B.standard C.routine D.custom11.What’sthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.Tosharetheauthor’sownexperiencewiththereaders.B.Tocallonparentstogetridoftheirownmediaaddiction.C.Torevealthatparentsarealwaysaddictedtomobilephones.D.Toshowtheauthor’sdissatisfactionwithparents’phoneuse.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【分析】這是一篇爭論文。如今青少年有嚴峻沉迷手機的現象，但新的探討表明，父母對科技產品的沉迷會對孩子的行為產生負面影響。這導致家庭內部語言溝通的顯著削減，甚至母親激勵孩子的次數也削減了。因此作者呼吁家長們擺脫對手機的沉迷。8.細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段“Growingup,weareconstantlyremindedthatyoungpeopleareheavilyaffectedbytechnology.Wearethe‘antisocialclub’,thosewhoprefertotextourfriendsinthesameroomratherthanmakeeyecontactwiththem.Andeventhoughnever-endingstudiesrevealtoustheextentofoursocialmediaaddiction,weshouldatleastconsiderthatit’snotonlyouryoungpeople’sproblemanymore.(在成長的過程中，我們常常被提示，年輕人深受科技的影響。我們是‘反社交俱樂部’，那些寧愿在同一個房間里給摯友發(fā)短信，也不愿和他們進行眼神溝通的人。盡管永無止境的探討向我們揭示了我們對社交媒體上癮的程度，但我們至少應當考慮到，這不再是年輕人的問題)”可知，如今的青少年嚴峻沉迷于他們的手機。故選D。9.推理推斷題。依據其次段“There’stheriseoftheInstagrammums,wholiketopostanabundanceofcutebabypictures,sharetheirmomfeelingsalongthewayandshowtheirwonderfullifestyles.Theyaretheso-called‘Facebookmumgeneration’,agrowinggroupofparentsthatliketoovershare.(Instagram上的媽媽們越來越多，她們喜愛上傳大量可愛寶寶的照片，一邊共享媽媽的感受，一邊展示自己美妙的生活方式。她們就是所謂的‘臉書媽媽一代’，這是一個越來越多的喜愛過度共享的父母群體)”以及第三段“Whileallofthismightbefine,andevenalittlehumorous”（雖然這一切可能都很好，甚至有點可笑）可推知，作者認為媽媽們的過度共享是滑稽可笑的，其中humorous是關鍵詞，故選C。10.詞義揣測題。依據畫線詞后文“Whetheryouwanttoescapeyourdisturbingchildrenforabit,orwanttostayuplateflickingthroughTwitter,knowthatwantingtodoalloftheseisnormal.(不管你是想逃離孩子們的打攪，還是想熬夜閱讀推特，你都要知道想做這些是很正常的)”可知，每天離開房間等待父親做完"正經事"（Farmville），現在已經成了一種常態(tài)。故畫線詞意思是“慣例，常規(guī)”。A.security平安；B.standard標準；C.routine慣例；D.custom習俗。故選C。11.推理推斷題。依據最終一段中“Butbeforetellingustoputourphonesawayatthetableorevenworse,listingstatisticsofhowdamagingsocialmediacanbeforus,maybeleadbyexample,consideringhowmuchtimeyouspendonthephoneandhowthisisimpactingyourchildrenandyourrelationshipwithus.Maybeinthiswaywecanworkonouraddictiontogether.(但是，在告知我們把手機收起來放在桌子上，或者更糟糕的是，列出社交媒體對我們有多大損害的統(tǒng)計數據之前，或許可以以身作則，考慮一下你花在手機上的時間有多長，這對你的孩子以及你和我們的關系有什么影響。或許通過這種方式，我們可以一起努力解決我們的成癮問題)”可推知，這篇文章的目的是呼吁家長們擺脫對媒體的沉迷。故選B。4Thehumanbrainremembersnegativeexperiencesmoreeasilythanpositiveones.Ourbrainshavedevelopedinthiswaybecausethreats,likedangerousanimal,haveamoreimmediateeffectonpeople'ssurvivalcomparedtopositivethingslikefoodorshelter.Asaresult,youclearlyknowwhatmakesyouunhappy,butdoyouknowwhatmakesyouhappy?Researchsuggeststhatourlevelofhappinessispartlyshapedbythechoiceswemake.Ifyou'vebeenchasingwealth,fame,powerandsomematerialthings,youmaybelookingforhappinessinthewrongplaces.Psychologistssuggestthatthefollowinghabitscanmakepeoplehappier.Peoplewhoowncloserelationshipstendtobehappierthanthosewhodonot.Thenumberofourfriendsisnotimportant.Whatmattersisthequalityofourrelationships.Relationshipsthatbringhappinessusuallyconsistofthesharingoffeelings,acceptance,mutualrespectandtrust.Peoplewhoexerciseregularlycanimproveboththeirphysicalandmentalwell-being.Someresearchhasshownthatexercisecanbeaseffectiveassomemedicineintreatingdepression.Ifwearesointerestedinanactivity,wemaylosetrackoftime,andwecanbeinastateofflow.Theactivitycouldbeplayingthepiano,surfingtheInternetorplayingagame.Peoplewhoexperienceflowintheirworkorlifetendtobehappier.Peoplearemorelikelytobehappyiftheyknowwhattheirstrengthsareandcanusethemregularly.Peopleareespeciallyhappywhentheycansetgoalsandusetheirstrengthstoachievethem.People,whothinkpositivelybybeinggrateful,mindfulandoptimistic,aremorelikelytobehappy.Beinggratefulmeansbeingthankful.Beingmindfulmeansconsidering,focusingon,andenjoyingtheexperiencesofthepresentmoment.Beingoptimisticmeansbeinghopefulaboutthefuture.12.Humanbrainsremembe