2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit5Intotheunknown教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼教用文檔教案外研版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

PAGEUnit5Intotheunknown1．civilisev．文明化；教化→civilisationn．文明→civilisedadj.文明的2．ruinn．殘?jiān)珨啾冢瑥U墟→ruinousadj.毀滅性的→ruinouslyadv.毀滅地3．dismissv．拒絕考慮，否定→dismissaln．摒棄；不予考慮→dismissiveadj.輕視的4．a(chǎn)bandonv．離棄，逃離→abandonedadj.被離棄的；被遺棄的→abandonmentn．離棄；遺棄1．buryv．將……埋在下面，覆蓋；安葬，安葬，丟失；掩藏(感情等)；使陷入，把……插入①Thehousewasburiedundertenfeetofsnow. 覆蓋②She's85andhasburiedthreehusbands. 丟失③Hehadlearnttoburyhisfeelings. 掩藏④Hewalkedslowly，hishandsburiedinhispockets. 插入2．a(chǎn)bandonv．離棄，逃離；遺棄，拋棄；舍棄；中止；放棄(信念等)①Hegavetheordertoabandontheship. 舍棄②Theyabandonedthematchbecauseofrain. 中止③Criticsaccusedhimofabandoninghisprinciples. 放棄④Thisisababyabandonedbyitsparents. 遺棄WordsandPhraseseq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)1)correspondv．相一樣；符合；類似于；相當(dāng)于；通信[教材P50]Throughcomparison，hefoundthatthelocationsofthe117knownMayacitiescorrespondtothepositionsofthestars.通過(guò)比較，他發(fā)覺117個(gè)已知瑪雅城市的位置與恒星的位置相對(duì)應(yīng)。[例1]Youraccountoftheeventdoesnotcorrespondwith/tohers.你對(duì)事情的陳述與她說(shuō)的不相符。[例2]ThetwomapsofLondoncorrespondclosely.這兩張倫敦的地圖很相像。[造句]他的行為與觀點(diǎn)不一樣。Hisactionsdonotcorrespondwith/tohisideas.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)correspondwith/to 與……相一樣；符合correspondwith 與……通信(2)correspondingadj. 相應(yīng)的，相關(guān)聯(lián)的[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thetranslationdoesnotquitecorrespondto/withtheoriginal.②YouwillallowmetoconsiderthatIcorrespondwithhimthroughyou.③MarchandAprilsalesthisyearwereup8percentonthecorresponding(correspond)periodoflastyear.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)2)buryv．埋住；把(某物)掩藏在地下，埋藏；掩蓋，遮蓋[教材P50]Basedonthis，hebelievedhehadspottedanunknownMayacityburieddeepinthejungle.基于此，他信任他發(fā)覺了一個(gè)埋在叢林深處的未知的瑪雅城市。[例1]Thepirateswouldoftenburygoldinthecaveandthenfailtocollectit.海盜們過(guò)去常把金子埋藏在那個(gè)洞里，可后來(lái)卻沒(méi)能取走。[例2]He'dhadtoburyhispainovertheyears.他不得不將苦痛掩藏多年。[造句]狗把骨頭埋在花園里。Thedogburieditsboneinthegarden.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)buryone'shead/faceinone'shands用手捂住頭/臉buryoneselfin＝beburiedin 埋頭于；用心于(2)beburiedinthought 深思[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Buried(bury)inhisstudy，hewasn'tawarethatalltheothershadleft.②Burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands，hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.[小片段填空]Thegirlwassittingonthebenchinthepark，buryingherheadinherhands.Soshedidnotnoticethethiefwhostoodbesideherwithhishandsburiedinthepocketsofhisdarkovercoat.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)3)applyvi.申請(qǐng)；適用；懇求vt.申請(qǐng)；應(yīng)用[教材P50]TheyappliedthisunderstandingtotheMayacalendar，whichwasaccuratetowithin30secondsperyear.他們把這種理解應(yīng)用到瑪雅歷法中，精確到每年30秒以內(nèi)。[例1]Thenewtechnologywasappliedtofarming.這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)被應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)。[例2]Weshouldtrytolearneconomictheoryandapplyit.我們應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論并能應(yīng)用。[造句]這個(gè)規(guī)則并不能適用于全部的狀況。Youcannotapplythisruletoeverycase.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)apply(to...)for (向……)申請(qǐng)applytodosth. 申請(qǐng)去做某事applyto 適用于(to為介詞)apply...to... 把……應(yīng)用于……applyoneselfto 致力于，集中精力于(2)applicationn. 懇求；申請(qǐng)，申請(qǐng)表；應(yīng)用applicantn. 申請(qǐng)人[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Weshouldapplywhatwelearnttotheconstructionofourcountry.②Whenthetimecametomakethefinaldecisionforacourse，Idecidedtoapplyfortheonethatreflectedmyinterest.③Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicants(applicant)toattendtheopeningceremony.④Eventually，however，Iwonthesupportofmyfamily，andIsentinallthepaperworkneededfortheapplication(apply)．[小片段填空]Sincelastyear，Ihavebeenapplyingmyselftostudying(study)thelatesttechnologyaboutplanting.Ithinkthatweshouldnotonlyknowthetheorybutalsohowtoapplyittopractice.Thesenewtechnology，ifapplied(apply)tofarming，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.Ihaveappliedforafull-timejobinthevillage.Tomydelight，Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicants(apply)．eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)4)declinevi.下降；衰弱，衰退；謝絕，婉言拒絕[教材P51]Yet，withinjustacoupleofgenerations，itbegantomysteriouslydecline.然而，僅僅幾代人之后，它就起先神奇地衰落。[例1]TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibitsignsofdeclineinSeptember.9月份，經(jīng)濟(jì)接著呈現(xiàn)出衰退的跡象。[例2]Thisdeclineinvigourwiththepassingoftimeiscalledageing.這種隨著時(shí)間消逝的活力衰退就叫作蒼老。[造句]他的健康狀況最近起先惡化。Hishealthhasbeguntodeclinerecently.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)adeclinein... 在……(方面)的下降indecline＝onthedecline 處于衰退中，下降(2)declinetodosth. 拒絕做某事declineby/to... 下降了/下降到……[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Idon'tknowwhytheboydeclinedtoanswer(answer)aquestion.②Thenumberofpeoplewhoruntheredlighthasbeenonthedeclinesincethenewtrafficregulationscameintoeffect.③Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyearto5million.[小片段填空]Withhisbonusonthedecline，hedecidedtostayathomeanddeclinedtohave(have)aholiday.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)5)claimv．聲稱；斷言；要求(擁有)；索?。徽J(rèn)領(lǐng)n．聲明；宣稱；斷言；(尤指對(duì)財(cái)產(chǎn)、土地等要求擁有的)全部權(quán)；(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索賠[教材P51]WhenEuropeansarrivedinCentralAmericaintheearly16thcenturytoclaimitsriches，theremainingMayapeoplewerelivinginsmallsettlements.當(dāng)歐洲人在16世紀(jì)初來(lái)到中美洲索要其財(cái)寶時(shí)，剩下的瑪雅人就住在小的定居點(diǎn)里。[例1]Nowtheyarereturningtoclaimwhatwastheirs.如今他們回來(lái)索取本屬于他們的東西了。[例2]Youshouldbeabletoclaimthecostfromthecarinsurance.你應(yīng)當(dāng)能從汽車保險(xiǎn)中索取這筆費(fèi)用。[造句]你可按你的保險(xiǎn)索賠你遺忘在火車上的外套。Youcanclaimonyourinsuranceforthatcoatyouleftonthetrain.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)claimtodosth./that... 聲稱做某事/聲稱……claimtohavedonesth. 聲稱做過(guò)某事Itisclaimedthat... 據(jù)說(shuō)(2)makeaclaimforsth. 要求；對(duì)……提出賠償要求[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Asthevictimintheaccident，IwillmakeaclaimfortheinjuriesIsuffered.②Scientistsclaimedtohavemade(make)amajorbreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.③Itisclaimedthathehadseenalienswithhisowneyes.→Heclaimedtohaveseenalienswithhisowneyes．eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)6)leadto引起，導(dǎo)致；通向[教材P51]Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts，eachlastingforacoupleofyears，includinga“megadrought”around900AD.這很可能導(dǎo)致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持續(xù)了幾年，其中包括公元900年左右的一次“超級(jí)干旱”。[例1]Technologicalchangeswillinevitablyleadtounemployment.技術(shù)變革必定會(huì)導(dǎo)致失業(yè)。[例2]Thiscanleadtobodilyweaknessandmusclewastage.這樣可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致身體虛弱和肌肉萎縮。[造句]這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致巨大的壓力。Thiscanleadtosignificantstress.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展]leadsb.todosth. 使某人做某事leadsb.to/into＋n. 帶領(lǐng)某人去/進(jìn)入……，使某人得出 (觀點(diǎn))leada．..life 過(guò)……的生活leadtheway 引路，帶路除leadto外，常見的表示“引起，導(dǎo)致”的詞匯還有：cause，resultin，bringabout，contributeto等。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Iwanttoknowwhatledyoutotake(take)upactingasacareer.②Thenewevidenceledtothehighofficialbeingarrested(arrest)．[小片段填空]Hislackofconfidenceledtoalotofsuffering.AndthesuccessofhisfatherledhimtobelievealltheroadsleadtoRome.Sohetoldhimselftobeconfidentandjustdoit.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)7)raten．速度；進(jìn)度；比率；率；價(jià)格；費(fèi)用v.評(píng)估[教材P51]ManyscientistsbelievethatthesedroughtswerethemainreasonwhyMayacivilisationbegantocollapseatdifferentratesindifferentplaces.很多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這些干旱是瑪雅文明在不同地方起先以不同速度崩潰的主要緣由。[例1]Thediseasehasspreadatanalarmingrate.這種病以驚人的速度傳播開來(lái)。[例2]Thecarwasgoingattherateof40milesanhour.轎車以每小時(shí)40英里的速度行駛。[造句]他正以每小時(shí)70英里的速度行駛。Heisdrivingattherateofseventymilesanhour.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展]atanyrate (強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的真實(shí)性)無(wú)論如何，不管 怎樣atthis/thatrate(informal) 照此情形；如此下去birth/unemployment/divorce/crimerate 誕生/失業(yè)/離婚/犯罪比率ratesb./sth.highly 對(duì)某人/某事評(píng)價(jià)高beratedas 被認(rèn)為[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Imaybeawayonbusinessnextweek，butatanyrateI'llbebackbyFriday.②Atthisrate(照這樣下去)，we'llsoonbebankrupt.③Atanyrate(不管怎么樣)，wemustgothere.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)8)ruinn．殘?jiān)珨啾?，廢墟；毀滅；失去工作(或地位等)；破產(chǎn)[教材P51]Itsonce-greatcitiesfellintoruin，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.它曾經(jīng)輝煌的城市都?xì)缌?，留下了各種各樣的謎團(tuán)讓后人去解開。[例1]Thescandalbroughtabouthisruin.那件丑聞使他身敗名裂。[例2]Thefarmerssayrecentinflationhasdriventhemtothebrinkofruin.農(nóng)夫們說(shuō)最近的通貨膨脹使他們面臨破產(chǎn)。[造句]這些寺廟已破敗不堪。Thetempleshavefallenintoruin.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展]fallintoruin 衰敗gotorackandruin 變得一團(tuán)糟inruins 毀壞；嚴(yán)峻受損；破敗不堪[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Yearsoffightinghaslefttheareainruins.②Thewholecitylayinruins(ruin)aftertheearthquake，whichmadethemlieawakeallnight.③Theyletthehousegotorackandruin(變得一團(tuán)糟)．eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)9)abandonvt.(不顧責(zé)任、義務(wù)等)拋棄；停止(支持或幫助)；舍棄；逃離n.放任；放縱[教材P52]ButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.但最神奇的是什么導(dǎo)致瑪雅人遺棄了他們大部分的大城市。[例1]IdecidednottoabandonJohnwhenhewasinsuchadesperateposition.我確定不在約翰走投無(wú)路的時(shí)候拋棄他。[例2]Thestudyshowedadeepfearamongtheelderlyofbeingabandonedtothecareofstrangers.探討表明，老人非常膽怯 被丟給生疏人照管。[造句]這個(gè)嬰兒被母親遺棄了。Thebabywasabandonedbyitsmother.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)abandonsb. 遺棄某人/停止支持某人abandonsth. 放棄某事/舍棄某物abandononeselftosth. 沉溺于(某種情感)(2)abandonedadj. 拋棄了的；廢棄的；放縱的(3)withabandon 盡情；放任地[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Theydiscoveredsomevaluablegoodsintheabandoned(abandon)house.②Snowforcedmanydriverstoabandon(abandon)theirvehicles.③Heabandonedhimself(he)todespair.[小片段填空]Onewintermorningwecameuponanabandonedpuppyonthestreet.Iwonderedwhoitwasthatabandonedsuchacutepuppy.eq\a\vs4\al(學(xué)問(wèn)要點(diǎn)10)dismissv．摒棄(想法等)，丟開；把(人)解雇，解職；使……離開；解散(集會(huì)等)；拒絕考慮，否定[教材P52]Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.雖然他的理論已經(jīng)被學(xué)者們所否定，但它顯示了古代瑪雅文明的奇妙在人們心中是多么的有影響力。[例1]Threeworkersweredismissedforbeinglazy.三個(gè)工人因怠惰而被解雇。[例2]Therichmandidn'tmindatalldismissingaservantfromhisplace.那個(gè)富翁對(duì)解雇傭人一點(diǎn)也不在意。[造句]這個(gè)男的被解雇了。Themanwasdismissedfromhisjob.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展]dismisssb.forsth. 因?yàn)椤夤湍橙薲ismisssb.from 把某人從……解雇dismisssb./sth.fromone'smind 試圖遺忘某人或者某事dismissaln. 解雇，撤職[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Shetriedtodismisshimfromhermind.②Hisbossdismissedhimfromhisjobformakingtoomanymistakes.③Donotcomeback.Thisisyourfinaldismissal(dismiss)．SentencePatternseq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式1)whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句[教材P51]Whateverthereasons，Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.不管是什么緣由，瑪雅文明基本上消逝在叢林深處。句式分析：句子中whateverthereasons是整個(gè)句子的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。[例1]Whateveryoudo，don'tlookforapayincreasewhenyouknowthecompanyisgoingthroughsomedifficulty.不管你做什么，在知道公司遭受逆境時(shí)不要希望加薪。[例2]Whateveryouwanttochatabout，we'lldoittonight.不管你想聊些什么，我們今晚聊個(gè)夠。[造句]不管你在做什么，當(dāng)你想抽煙的時(shí)候就做點(diǎn)別的事情吧。Whateveryouaredoing，dosomethingelsewhenyouwanttosmoke.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。(2)whenever，wherever，however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于nomatterwhen/where/how，意為“無(wú)論何時(shí)/何地/如何”?！皀omatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，可放在主句前或主句后。[翻譯1]無(wú)論結(jié)果怎樣，我們都要微笑著接受，因?yàn)槲覀円呀?jīng)盡全力了。Whatevertheresultis，weshouldacceptitwithasmile，becausewehavetriedourbest.[翻譯2]無(wú)論距離有多遠(yuǎn)，我們都感覺彼此很親近。Howeverfarawayweare，wefeelclosetoeachother.[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空①WheneverI'munhappy，itismyfriendwhocheersmeup.②Asyoungpeople，wearesupposedtoworkhardandenjoyourwork，nomatterhowordinaryitis.③Wherevertheylooked，theysawnothingbutruinsaftertheterribleearthquake.④Whatevershesayswillnotmakeanydifferencetoourarrangements.eq\a\vs4\al(重點(diǎn)句式2)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[教材P52]Meanwhile，theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast，presentandfuture.同時(shí)，這個(gè)文明的興衰也必需讓我們思索自己的過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和將來(lái)。句式分析：此句中的us是leave的賓語(yǔ)，thinkingabout...是us的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。[例1]Ifyouleavethewaterrunningwhenyoudon'tuseit，youarewasting.假如不用水時(shí)你還讓水始終流著，你是在奢侈。[例2]Don'tleavethelightonwhenyouarenotintheroom.當(dāng)你不在房間時(shí)，別讓燈開著。[造句]別讓她在雨中等你。Don'tleaveherwaitingforyououtsideintherain.[學(xué)問(wèn)拓展](1)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)(2)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋分詞(3)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式(4)leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句/as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句在leave的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓補(bǔ)為現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)，通常表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；賓補(bǔ)為過(guò)去分詞時(shí)，通常表示被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作；賓補(bǔ)為不定式時(shí)，通常表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。[翻譯1]使我悲觀的是她讓我一個(gè)人完成這項(xiàng)工作。Whatdisappointsmeisthatsheleavesmetofinishtheworkbymyself.[翻譯2]把東西放在能夠再次找到的地方，你們應(yīng)當(dāng)把這一點(diǎn)作為一條規(guī)則。Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Hearingthebadnews，hehurriedhome，leavingthebookslying(lie)openonthetable.②You'dbetterleavethedooropen(open)toletinfreshair.③Hehadtogohome，leavingtheworkunfinished(finished)．④Youshouldleavethelawyertosettle(settle)theproblem.⑤Iftheclothesdon'tfityou，pleaseleavethemwheretheywere(請(qǐng)放回原處)．[教材P50]ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitivemakesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.分析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是thefact，thefact指的是(或者說(shuō)內(nèi)容是)Mayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitive，這句話的賓語(yǔ)是itsachievements，allthemoreincredibleandmysterious起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用。譯文：瑪雅社會(huì)在技術(shù)上是原始的，這使得它的成就更加不行思議和神奇。教材高考1.TheyappliedthisunderstandingtotheMayacalendar，whichwasaccuratetowithin30secondsperyear.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)．..wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplantoapplywhatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessions...2.Itsonce-greatcitiesfellintoruin，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace？Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Yourlettergotburied(bury)underapileofpapers.2．Thewrittenrecordoftheconversationdoesn'tcorrespondto/withwhatwasactuallysaid.3．I'mwritingtoapply(apply)forthepositionasastudentvolunteer.4．Thenumberofrobberiesintheareaisindecline.5．Sheclaimed(claim)damagesfromthecompanyfortheinjuryshehadsuffered.6．Eatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtohealthproblems.7．Thecityisnowinruins(ruin)．8．Don'tleavehimwaiting(wait)o