高一英語上重要語法講解

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)表達(dá)2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣3.某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)知識(shí)重點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在表達(dá)推測(cè)意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：（一）用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。can，could，might，may，must可以用來表達(dá)對(duì)事實(shí)的推測(cè)。根據(jù)說話人對(duì)事實(shí)的把握性大小，must表示“肯定…”，may/might/can/could表示“可能……”，must只用于肯定句中，may/might的否定式maynot/mightnot表示“可能不……”,而can/could可以用于疑問句，表示“可能，可能……嗎?”，其否定式can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對(duì)現(xiàn)在或過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。對(duì)不同的時(shí)間內(nèi)容推測(cè)有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。（二）對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：主要結(jié)構(gòu)：…must/may/might+動(dòng)詞原形be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語be+doing例句：1.YoumustbeJeanne.I’mMathildeLoisel.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.3.Theteachermustbejoking.4.Fredaisn’tinclass.Shemustbesick.5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn’tgotmuchcommonsense.7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.9.Thekeyscan’tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditverycarefully.10.Canthenewsbetrue?（三）對(duì)過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)：結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone/been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語例句：1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.2.Hecouldn’thaveseenAnnayesterday.She’sgoneabroad.3.IthinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.5.WherecanTomhavegone?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣：表達(dá)“本來…”，“不然早就…”。這是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說話人的埋怨，后悔的語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加havedone結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本應(yīng)該……shouldn’thavedone/oughtn’ttohavedone：本不該……couldhavedone：本來可以……needn’thavedone：本來沒必要……wouldliketohavedone：本來很想……wouldrathernothavedone:本來不愿意……could/might/havedone:不然早就……例句：1.Youshouldn’thavelaughedathismistakes.2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.3.Ioughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthetrain.6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephonedhim.8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescueintime.知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特殊用法：need和dare的兩種形式的用法need和dare可以用做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式（todo）結(jié)構(gòu)，在疑問句和否定句中，加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did/或don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，主要用于疑問句和否定句中。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t（沒有必要，不必）相當(dāng)于don’thaveto例句：1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?Thankyou,youneedn’t.3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?注意：句型Idaresay+從句。意思是：我肯定……=I’msure或Thereisnodoubtthat+從句。例句：IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would則指過去愿意做……例句：1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.would可以表達(dá)“過去習(xí)慣做……”類似于“usedtodo”例句：1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummerinthatriver.表示請(qǐng)求，固定的句型：Will/Wouldyoupleasedo…?/Wouldyouliketodo…?例句：Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?shall1.用于第一，三人稱，表示“請(qǐng)求”；“建議”或“推薦”例句：1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?2.ShallIwatchTVnow?3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?2.用于第二人稱，表示“命令，“要求”，“許諾”例句：1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuchnoiseagain.在表示推測(cè)的否定句或疑問句中，常用can/can’t/could/couldn’t表示，意思是：“可能…嗎?”；“…不可能…”。而不能使用mustn’t或must等詞?！镜湫屠}】1.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?

—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He_____bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.A.might B.must C.can D.should分析：本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞推測(cè)性用法。根據(jù)heisthelastonetohelpothers.（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那么“幫助你”的可能性也就最小了。 答案為A2.—Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoit____be?

—Ithinkit___beTom.

—Idon’tthinkit___be____.A.can;must;can;he B.may;can;must;himC.must;can;must;his D.might;must;can;himself分析：根據(jù)備選答案。can表示推測(cè)時(shí)用于疑問句或否定句中。本題首句就應(yīng)該是Guesswhocanitbe?第二句應(yīng)該是IthinkitmustbeTom.（說話人十分肯定）。第三句表達(dá)了說話人對(duì)前一個(gè)人的否定。即：Idon’tthinkitcanbehim/he.（不可能是他）。答案為A3.—DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?

—Sure.She____aroundthecampusnow.A.mustbewalking B.mustwalkC.maywalk D.maybewalking分析：關(guān)鍵詞Sure告訴我們說話人的口氣十分肯定。根據(jù)句子語境：她此刻肯定正在校園散步呢。mustbedoing表示肯定正在做。答案為A4.—IstayedatahotelinNewYork.

—Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayed B.couldstayC.wouldsay D.musthavestayed分析：首句說：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此ahotel是泛指。所以D選項(xiàng)不合題意。第二句在說：你本來可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示：本來可以。答案為A5.Whydidn’tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.A.needn’thavedriven B.can’thavedrivenC.mustn’thavedriven D.shouldn’thavedriven分析：根據(jù)句意：你為什么不告訴我今天沒有會(huì)？我本來沒必要冒著大雪開車跑這么多路。Needn’thavedone表示本來沒必要。答案為A6.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.mustn’tleave B.shouldn’thaveleftC.couldn’thaveleft D.needn’tleave分析：根據(jù)句意：我真的很擔(dān)心你，你真不應(yīng)該一句話都不說就離開家?！半x開家”已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。Shouldhavedone正好表達(dá)了本句的意思。答案為B7.A：AreyoucomingtoJeff’sparty?B：I’mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.must B.would C.should D.might分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽音樂會(huì)。Might表示推測(cè)：可能。答案為D8.A：Ipromisethatshe____getanicepresentonherbirthday.B：Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?A.should B.must C.would D.shall分析：A說：“我答應(yīng)她在生日聚會(huì)上她會(huì)得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案為D【模擬試題】1.A：IsJohncomingbytrain?B：Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.must B.can C.need D.may2.Mr.White_____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn’tshowup.A.shouldhavearrived B.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrived D.shouldbearriving3.Sorry,I’mlate.I_____haveturnedoffthealarmandgonetosleepagain.A.might B.should C.can D.will4.You_____betired—You’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnot B.won’t C.can’t D.maynot5.—Ididn’tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.

—You_____mine.Iwasn’tusingit.A.mightborrow B.couldhaveborrowedC.canhaveborrowed D.oughttoborrow6.—Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.

—It_____herhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.A.mustn’tbe B.couldn’thavebeenC.maynothavebeen D.mustn’thavebeen【試題答案】1.分析：根據(jù)B的回答“他應(yīng)該（坐火車來），但是也不一定，他喜歡開自己的車。本題考查了情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測(cè)用法。may表示不十分有把握的推測(cè)。答案為D2.分析：根據(jù)句意：White先生本應(yīng)該在8:30到這里出席會(huì)議的，可他（在8:30）沒有到場(chǎng)。Shouldhavedone表示：本應(yīng)該。答案為A3.分析：本句是說話人在解釋遲到的原因：我或許是關(guān)掉鬧鐘又睡了。mighthavedone表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)：可能已經(jīng)……答案為A4.分析：根據(jù)后半句You’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.（你才剛干了一個(gè)小時(shí)）說明You_____betired（你不可能很累），can’t表示“不可能”答案為C5.分析：聽到對(duì)方說“昨天車壞了而沒去上班”，第二個(gè)人說“你本來可以借我的車去上班?！北緛砜梢?能：couldhavedone. 答案為B6.分析：第二個(gè)人是說：那個(gè)人不可能是她丈夫，因?yàn)樗煞蛞呀?jīng)去世多年了。根據(jù)對(duì)話的語境，是在談?wù)撨^去的事，表示過去不可能：couldnothavedone 答案為：B與it有關(guān)的主要句型it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納：（一）it用做形式主語或形式賓語：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，it用做形式主語或形式賓語，而真正的主語或賓語（todo短語，doing短語，名詞性從句）則放在句尾。主要句型：It’s+形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句todosth.doingsth.find/make/think/feelit+形容詞/名詞+連詞+名詞性從句todosth.doingsth.例句：1.ItwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.2.It’susualforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs.3.It’sapitythatIdidn’tthinkofitearlier.4.It’snousegoingtheresoearly.5.Outteacherthinksitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.6.Didn’tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?7.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.（二）其他句型1.Ittakes+時(shí)間段+sb.+todosth.2.表示“據(jù)說，據(jù)報(bào)道，/人們認(rèn)為/相信/建議等It’ssaidthat…….It’sreportedthat……It’sbelieved/thought/suggestedthat……例句：1.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint—beingonthesamewavelength.2.Itisbelievedthatthetwochildrenwentoffexploring（探險(xiǎn)）ontheirownandgetstuckonthecliff.3.It’ssuggestedthatweshouldhaveameetingtodiscusstheproblem.4.Itwasoncepredicted（預(yù)測(cè)）thatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbecomeseparatelanguagesfinally.（三）it在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中：在英語中，為了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一個(gè)成分（謂語除外），達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)或使聽話人特別注意這一部分的目的。便形成了一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。Itis/wasnotuntil+時(shí)間+that+句子的其他部分。例句：1.IsawJohnonmywaytoschoolthismorning.ItwasJohnwho/thatIsawonmywaytoschoolthismorning.ItwasonmywaytoschoolthatIsawJohnthismorning.ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohnonmywaytoschool.2.ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.3.Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.4.Itwasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmyfamiliarroomatnightthatfrightenedmesomuch.5.Itwasthekindnessandsympathyintheireyesthatpreventedmefromdoingso.知識(shí)難點(diǎn)：（一）注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的變形，即以一般疑問句或特殊疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。1.WhatisitthatJoecan’tfindinthebathroom?2.WherewasitthatyoumettheforeignguestsfromAustralia?3.Ican’tquiterememberwhenitwasthatwemarried.4.Wasitbecausehewasveryillthatheaskedforleave?（二）是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是that主語從句或其他復(fù)合句1.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.2.Itisthesepoisonousproductsthatcancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.3.Itwasalmostteno’clockwhenoursoldierscamebackfromthefront.4.Wasitinthisplacethatthelastkingdied?（三）注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分帶有定語從句WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1944,whichwasledbyCaptainJohnsonthatPeterlosthislife.【典型例題】一.單項(xiàng)選擇：1.Idon’tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemory.A.this B.that C.its D.it分析：本題考查it做形式賓語的句型?！拔艺J(rèn)為沒有大量的記憶掌握一門外語是不可能的?！惫蔬x擇D2.Doesmatterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.this B.that C.he D.it分析：本題考查it做形式主語的句型：如果他沒能按時(shí)完成工作的話，這很要緊嗎？故選擇D3.Tom’smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn’thelp.A.he B.which C.she D.it分析：本題考查it的代詞用法。It指上一句的內(nèi)容：Tom的母親始終告訴他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。故選擇D4.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There B.This C.That D.It分析：本題考查it做形式主語的句型：英語正在作為一種國際性語言被接受是一個(gè)事實(shí)。選擇D5.Itwasinthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather___hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;where C.which;which D.that;which分析：本題考查帶有定語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用法。句中：“___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather的定語從句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是inthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather。根據(jù)句意：他正是在他父親用石頭蓋的房子里度過了他的童年。故選擇A二.單句改錯(cuò)：1.Thatissaidthatthisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.分析：根據(jù)句意：據(jù)說這部小說已經(jīng)被譯成多種語言。表示據(jù)說，應(yīng)當(dāng)說：Itissaidthat…。That改為：It2.Isthisyourturntocleantheblackboard?分析：根據(jù)句意：該輪到你擦黑板了吧？輪到某人做某事：Itisone’sturntodo….This改為：it3.Itisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.分析：表示“眾所周知”可以說：Itisknowntoeveryonethat+陳述句。或：Asisknowntoeveryone，+陳述句。It改為：As,或去掉“，”加連詞that4.Theofficialmadethisclearthathewoulddoeverythingpossibletosolvetheproblem.分析：根據(jù)句意：這位官員宣布將盡一切力量解決這個(gè)問題。固定結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)是：makeitclearthat+陳述句。It在此是形式賓語。This改為：it5.Itwasintheparkwheretheoldcoupletoldmetheirlovestory.分析：根據(jù)句意可以知道本句用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)：inthepark所以按照強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)where改為：that6.Althoughwecan’tseethem,thereisairaroundus.分析：句中的代詞them根據(jù)句意應(yīng)當(dāng)指代后面的air，但air是不可數(shù)名詞，因此them改為：it三.翻譯句子：1.直到星期三我才給辦公室去電話。分析：表達(dá)“直到……才……”可以用not…until…引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；也用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；或倒裝句。翻譯：（1）Ididn’ttelephonetheofficeuntilWednesday.（2）ItwasnotuntilWednesdaythatItelephonedtheoffice.（3）NotuntilWednesdaydidItelephonetheoffice.2.只有當(dāng)我們看不清楚的時(shí)候，我們才意識(shí)到我們眼睛的重要性。分析：本句可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句表達(dá)，也可以用倒裝句：翻譯：（1）Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealizehowimportantoureyesare.（2）Onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlydowerealizehowimportantoureyesare.3.Itwasinsurgerythattheresultsofthatdiscoverywereobtained,anditwastherethatthebattlebetweenthenewideaandtheoldprejudiceswasfoughtoutmostdramatically.翻譯：那些發(fā)現(xiàn)的成果是在外科醫(yī)學(xué)中獲得的，也正是在那里，新思想與舊偏見用最富有戲劇性的方式展開了戰(zhàn)斗?！灸M試題】一.單項(xiàng)選擇：1.Nobodythinksverypolitetobealwayscuttinginwhenanotherpersonistalking.A.that B.this C.it D.there2.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm,Ihadexpectedtobemuchbetter.A.this B.that C.one D.it3.Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme.A.this B.it C.which D.what4.Itwaswithgreatcouragetheboytoldthetruthhehadstolenthemoney.A.which;that B.when;what C.as;that D.that;that5.WhenItrytofindthatpreventssomanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram,itseemstomethattherearetwomaincauses.A.whatitdoes B.whatitis C.whyitdoes D.whyitis6.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopeswillbeaboy.A.he B.that C.it D.there【試題答案】一.單項(xiàng)選擇：1.C，it在句中做形式賓語。句型為thinkit+形容詞+todosomething2.D，it在句中作為代詞指代前面說的film3.B，it作為代詞指代前面Hetoreupmyphoto這件事。4.D，這是一個(gè)帶有同位語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，“這個(gè)男孩懷著極大的勇氣說出了他偷東西的真相。hehadstolenthemoney.做thetruth的同位語從句，用that引導(dǎo)。5.B，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的變形，強(qiáng)調(diào)句變成了特殊疑問句又做find的賓語從句，what是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)句義：我在努力發(fā)現(xiàn)到底是什么阻止了這么多人參加這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。6.C，Nancy很快又要有一個(gè)孩子了，她希望這是個(gè)男孩。指代baby用代詞it主謂一致知識(shí)總結(jié)歸納（一）概述：主語與謂語的一致：在英語表達(dá)中，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。主要體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞do,have以及一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中的動(dòng)詞形式。謂語動(dòng)詞與主語保持一致的基本原則：語法一致，就近一致和意義一致。名詞或代詞做主語有人稱和單，復(fù)數(shù)之分，動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)就是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，而動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式即動(dòng)詞的原形。例句：1.Iamseventeen,andheissixteen.2.Thereisadeskintheroom,buttherearenochairsinit.3.Johngetsupatsixo’clockeverymorning.4.WhatisthelatestnewsabouttheOlympicGames?5.Thefamilyaresittingatthebreakfasttable.（二）語法一致：1.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語：（1）這部分主語表示的是兩個(gè)人或兩件不同的事物，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：①M(fèi)ybrotherandIhavebothseenthatfilm.②BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.③Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.④Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeR’s.（2）這部分主語表示具有兩個(gè)身份或性質(zhì)的同一個(gè)人或一個(gè)完整的事物，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.②Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.③Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.④Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.⑤Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.⑥Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.⑦Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.⑧ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagofU.S.A.（3）這部分主語前面有each,every,manya,no等修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Eachdoctorand（each）nursewasgivenanewshirt.②Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.③Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.④Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.2.動(dòng)名詞，不定式，主語從句做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.②Tolivemeanstocreate.③Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.④Whatisneededisfoodandmedicine.3.表示時(shí)間，金錢，距離，重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量做主語時(shí)，被視為一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.②Eighthoursofsleepisenough.4.不定代詞anyone,anything,everyone,everything,someone,something,noone,nothing,eachtheother等做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?②Someonewantstoseeyou.（三）就近原則由連詞or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞和離它最近的哪個(gè)名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。例句：1.EitheryouorJeanistobesenttoNewZealand.2.NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin’smovies.3.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.4.GeorgeorTomiswanted.注意：Therebe句型中be的形式由它后面的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù)決定。例句：1.Therearen’tanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.2.Thereisalamp,twopensandthreebooksonthedesk.3.Herearesomeenvelopesandpaperforyou.名詞后面帶有with,alongwith,togetherwith,besides,except,but,like,including,aswellas,ratherthan短語共同做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與這些短語前面的那個(gè)名詞的數(shù)一致。例句：1.Allbutonewereherejustnow.2.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothatnationasagift.3.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.4.YouaswellasIarewrong.（四）意義一致1.代詞none,neither,all的不可數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式由它們指的內(nèi)容決定例句：（1）Allhopehasgone.（2）Allareagreedonthispoint.（3）—Isthereanymilkinthefridge?—No,thereisnone.（4）Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.2.集合名詞group,class,family,army,enemy,team等名詞的單，復(fù)數(shù)形式根據(jù)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容而定。例句：（1）Theclasswereallcheerful.（2）Theteamweretakingoversomenewplays.（3）Thegrouparereadingthenewspapers.（4）Thearmyisgoingtoremaininthistown.（5）Thearmyhaverescuedthetravelers.3.限定詞短語allof…;noneof…;alotof…;以及分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of….修飾名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式由of后面的名詞形式?jīng)Q定。例句：（1）Noneofthesesuggestionsareveryhelpful.（2）Idon’tthinkanyofuswantstoworktomorrow.（3）Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.難點(diǎn)突破1.主謂一致的考查主要體現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)選擇和短文改錯(cuò)兩個(gè)題型中。同學(xué)們?cè)诰毩?xí)和應(yīng)試時(shí)，遇到這樣的題時(shí)，要牢記主謂一致的三個(gè)基本原則。一定要根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容抓住關(guān)鍵的主語部分。同時(shí)還要考慮句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。2.oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語從句的先行詞時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞與復(fù)數(shù)名詞一致。theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做定語從句的先行詞時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：Jimwasoneoftheboyswhowerelateforclass.Jimwastheonlyoneoftheboyswhowaslateforclass.【典型例題】[例1]E-mail,aswellastelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplaying B.haveplayed C.areplaying D.play分析：帶有aswellas短語的名詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與這個(gè)名詞的人稱和數(shù)一致，不受aswellas短語內(nèi)容的影響。E-mail是單數(shù)形式，故選擇A。[例2]EitherJohnorhisfriends_____toblameforthebadresults.A.are B.is C.was D.hasbeen分析：either…or..連接兩個(gè)名詞做主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞與離它最近的名詞的數(shù)和人稱一致，本題中hisfriends決定了謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，故選擇A。[例3]Theconductorandcomposer_____byacrowdofpeople.A.aregreeted B.isgreeted C.greets D.havebeengreeted分析：根據(jù)句意，主語部分的Theconductorandcomposer是指一個(gè)人即：樂隊(duì)指揮兼作曲家，所以主語的內(nèi)容是單數(shù)形式，故選擇B。[例4]—Thetrousers_____youwell,madam.—Butthecolour_____me.A.fit;don’tsuit B.fits;doesn’tsuitC.fits;don’tsuit D.fit;doesn’tsuit分析：trousers,clothes,glasses,等名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Colour是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，故選擇D。[例5]TheSmith’sfamily,which_____ratheralargeone,_____veryfondoftheiroldhouse.A.were;were B.was;were C.were;was D.was;was分析：family指“家庭”為單數(shù)，指“家庭成員”為復(fù)數(shù)形式。第一空格前的which指“家庭”謂語用was.第二空格后的fondof指“家庭成員喜歡他們的老房子”謂語為were，故選擇B。[例6]Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.is B.are C.havebeen D.hasbeen分析：當(dāng)定語從句先行詞是“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)形式”時(shí)，其后的從句謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。而當(dāng)one之前有theonly時(shí)，定語從句則強(qiáng)調(diào)theonlyo