高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題指導(dǎo)

20XX屆高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空解題指導(dǎo)2011-11-08一．語(yǔ)法填空命題特點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法填空以語(yǔ)篇為載體，考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)法和詞匯知識(shí)。它具有以下命題特點(diǎn)：在語(yǔ)篇層面上考查語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，每篇文章設(shè)置10個(gè)空，采用了填空方式，短語(yǔ)詞數(shù)控制在200左右。命題形式：A.純空格題填空。主要考查冠詞、代詞、連詞、介詞，其中連詞包括引導(dǎo)名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞和引導(dǎo)并列句的并列連詞等。B．用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。主要考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)和詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等。(3)所選的文章主要是記敘類文章，或講述生活趣事，或體現(xiàn)文化內(nèi)涵，或給人心靈啟迪。短文中沒有超出課標(biāo)生詞，難度低于教材?，F(xiàn)將近五年語(yǔ)法填空命題特點(diǎn)及命題形式與內(nèi)容分別列表如下：表一近五年語(yǔ)法填空命題特點(diǎn)：短文特點(diǎn)短文體裁短文題材短文長(zhǎng)度純空格題有提示詞首字母大寫2007記敘文生活經(jīng)歷2007312008記敘文成語(yǔ)故事1856412009記敘文生活經(jīng)歷206642010記敘文智慧故事1876412011記敘文生活經(jīng)歷18664表二：近五年語(yǔ)法填空命題形式與內(nèi)容：測(cè)試形式與內(nèi)容20072008200920102011純空格形式形式內(nèi)容題號(hào)/答案題號(hào)/答案題號(hào)/答案題號(hào)/答案題號(hào)/答案冠詞35/a33/a31/the24/an代詞人稱代詞40/her31/it,38/him22/they物主代詞33/his指示代詞34/that/it38/it/that25/both介詞33/as;39/for31/In/Behind,after/from37/on;39/at35/with17/till/until23/on連詞關(guān)系代、副詞36.where35.where32.who/that21.whom從屬連詞32.who35.that40.when并列連詞37.but提示詞形式動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞31.broke40.results34.pushed40.wasinformed33.presented19.waspretending非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞34.settled32.tohelp32.toplease37.saying18.sitting/sit詞性轉(zhuǎn)換形變副38.merrily34.warmly20.mentally名變形39.natural動(dòng)變名36.choice形副比較級(jí)38.higher39.sweeter16.later限定詞37.Other/Some36.antoher二.語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)歸納和答題要訣1.純空格形式填空的答題要訣要訣一：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞前挖空，首先考慮限定詞與介詞在純空格類試題中，如果在名詞前挖空，首先考慮限定詞與介詞。因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，名詞前一般需要限定詞，限定詞包括冠詞（a,an,the）,物主代詞（my…）名詞所有格，關(guān)系詞（whose,which…）,疑問詞，不定代詞（no,some，any，each，every，either，neither，many…）數(shù)詞等。例.1.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot______pleasantexperience…(2009廣東)例2.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960~1279)wasveryanxioustohelp______ricecropgrowupquickly.(2008廣東)例3…Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad_____amazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.I’mgladImadeachoice.Itmade_____ofusfeelgood.（2011廣東）例4.Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet_______studenttastethewater.(2010)例5.…Ididn’tlikeleavinghim_____hisowneither.(2011廣東)要訣二.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前挖空，首先考慮代詞如果在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前挖空，應(yīng)首先考慮代詞?？忌粌H要考慮到人稱代詞、反身代詞等，還要考慮到關(guān)系代詞which,that,who等。有時(shí)也可能出現(xiàn)therebe句型的情況。Behindmewereotherpeople…butaftersomeminutes______walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.（2011））TheBostonUniversity要訣三.平時(shí)注意積累，注意習(xí)慣搭配。例：_____viewoftherisingpopularityof3Dfilms,80percentsaidthegrowthprospectwouldbegoodinthecoming12months,and…要訣四.地點(diǎn)名詞后設(shè)空，首先考慮where,其次考慮which/that地點(diǎn)名詞后設(shè)空，常常暗示地點(diǎn)名詞為定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，空格處所需的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，因此答案很有可能要用關(guān)系副詞where,但是如果所需的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，這時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞that或which。此外考生還需要注意一些特殊的名詞，如：point,activity,situation,case,occasion等后挖空時(shí),答案也應(yīng)首先考慮where.InLanzhouIvisitedafactory____everythingwasverysimple,includingitsequipmentandthedirector’soffice,yetthefactoryturnedoutquitegoodproducts.Whenyouareatanindustryevent,interview,oronotheroccasions_______youmayhaveanopportunitytohaveaprofessionalencounter,dresstoimpressthem.要訣五.及物動(dòng)詞后設(shè)空，首先考慮代詞或名詞。動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，如果動(dòng)詞為及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)跟賓語(yǔ)。因此如果在及物動(dòng)詞后設(shè)空，應(yīng)首先考慮代詞，尤其是賓格代詞或反身代詞，以及代替上文提到的人或物，或結(jié)合語(yǔ)境填入名詞做他的賓語(yǔ)。例1.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomenforthetroubleIhadcaused______.(2007)例2…althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease______.（2009））例3.Mothersaidtothetwins,“Help__________tosomecakes.”要訣六.句子前面設(shè)空，注意分析邏輯關(guān)系，首先考慮從屬連詞或并列連詞。連詞主要起著連接作用，表明句子之間的關(guān)系，因此考生做題時(shí)，要弄清句子之間的關(guān)系，先根據(jù)上下文判斷它們是因果關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，是并列關(guān)系還是讓步關(guān)系以及這些句子是條件狀語(yǔ)從句還是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句還是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，然后選擇合適的來連詞。Theglobalfinancialcrisisislikelytocausementalhealthproblemsandevensuicidestoincrease________peoplestruggletocopewithpovertyandunemployment,theWorldHealthOrganizationwarnedonThursday.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,______hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.要訣七.空格處所需詞具有雙重作用時(shí)，首先考慮what,who,whoever,或whatever.Whenwritingadescriptionofaparkyouknowvery,youaresupposedtofocuson____itlookslike,andexplainwhatpeoplecandothereandwhytheywantverymuchtovisitit.______willtakepartinthephysicscontestwillbeannouncedattomorrow’smeeting.有提示詞形式填空的答題要訣如果給出的提示詞是動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮填謂語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)或其名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）形式?！军c(diǎn)撥：若果句中缺謂語(yǔ)或并列謂語(yǔ)，則考慮其的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，以及主謂一致。若果句中已有謂語(yǔ)，則考慮填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?！咳绻o出的是形容詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮其副詞形式，或比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)或其反義的形容詞或反義的副詞形式；也可能填其的名詞形式。要訣一.名詞、代詞后設(shè)空，提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，注意時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。名詞、代詞后給出的提示詞是動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一般來說提示的動(dòng)詞是作謂語(yǔ)的。此時(shí)考生需要注意動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)就一個(gè)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。還要注意其主謂一致問題。Forthepastnineteenyears,KathyMellor__________(teach)EnglishasasecondlanguageatDavisvilleMiddleschoolinNorthKingstown,intheNortheasternUnitedStates....Peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_____(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部）,hurryingaheadtogetabargain.Hermotherwasexcited."yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,"Jane________(inform)要訣二.形容詞后提示詞為動(dòng)詞，首先考慮不定式在英語(yǔ)中形容詞后接不定式的情況比較常見。此時(shí)不定時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)，表示原因、目的等。另外，形容詞后接不定式時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式，其邏輯主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)常為句子的主語(yǔ)。Thedistinctionissometimeshard_______(see)becausewegetsousedtotheexcessbeingpartofourtasks.Butthewidow(寡婦)wasverydisappointed_______(find)thathersonwasasidiotic（傻的）asasimpleton(笨蛋),andseemedtoknownothingexcepthowtoeatandsleep.要訣三.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或之前設(shè)空，且給出的提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，首先考慮非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。如果給出的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系時(shí)主謂關(guān)系，用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；如果是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式；如果提示詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前，用分詞的完成式。例1.Hespititout,__________(say)itwasawful.（2010）例2...andthenInoticedaman_________(sit)atthefront.(2011)例3.ThoughIcan'tmakethemodelshipsailfaster,themodelcanbemade_________(fly)higherbyanyoftheboyshere.要訣四.Be動(dòng)詞后設(shè)空，提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要考慮用提示詞的形容詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞形式（如果語(yǔ)境表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，答案就應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式；如果語(yǔ)境表示動(dòng)作被執(zhí)行，答案應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式；如果兩者都不是，就要考慮形容詞作表語(yǔ)的情況。Becausetheroadwas________(repair),barrierswereputuppreventpeoplefromdrivinginthatarea.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_________(seat)whentheplanewaslanding._________(trap)intheforestforaweek,thevisitorwasrescuedbythepoliceatlast.要訣五.從屬連詞后設(shè)空，提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，首先考慮現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞，如表示將來時(shí)，可考慮用不定式Finally,Iwanttogiveawordtoeverybody,while_______(give)ittomyselfaswell:aoptimistthinkstheglassishalffull;apessimistthinkstheglassishalfempty;arealistknowsthatifhesticksaround,he'seventuallygoingtohavewashtheglass.Iwon'ttakepartinyourbirthdaypartyunless_________(invite).要訣六.物主代詞或介詞后設(shè)空，提示詞為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，首先考慮動(dòng)詞的名詞形式ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather_______(choose)oftieshardlyeverPleasedherfather.Heinsistson_______(leave)forParisnextweek.要訣七.空格處的提示詞為形容詞、副詞時(shí)，首先考慮比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式或形容詞的副詞形式（如：well/good---better---best;bad/ill---worse---worst;far---further/farther---furthest/farthest）例1Thephrase“TVstoned”isusedtodescribeapersonwhois_______(complete)deafandblindtoeverythingbuthisfavoriteshowontelevision.例2.Arecentstudyclaimedthatpeople’smemoriesaregetting_______(bad)becausetheycan’tremembertheirfriends’names.例3.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment________(late)thatday.要訣八.動(dòng)詞前或后設(shè)空，且提示詞為形容詞時(shí)，首先考慮副詞形式。Childrenwere_______(happy)castingpiecesofbreadintothelaketofeedthefishorplayingwithmodelships.Hecannot______(true)describethepicture.要訣九.名詞前設(shè)空且提示詞為名詞時(shí)，首先考慮該名詞的形容詞形式。Themobilephoneisa__________(fashion)andusefulinvention,soweoughttomakethebestuseofit.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.(2008)要訣十.and或or后設(shè)空，答題時(shí)要注意前后一致Sohesoldthefarmand________（spend）therestofhislifewanderingtheAfricancontinent,searchingsuccessfullyforthegleaminggems(發(fā)光寶石)thatbroughtsuchhighpriceonmarketsoftheworld.Ayoungmanseesasunsetand,unabletounderstandor________(expression)theemotionthatitrousesinhim,concludesthatitmustbethegatewaytoworldthatliesbeyond.ExercisesTest1Makingnewfriendsmeans1(put)yourselfoutonalimbandaskingothersnotonlytoacceptyou,buttolikeyouandwanttobearoundyouaswell.2(fortunate),thereisnomagicalsolution3thispartoftheprocess,soifyouwanttomakefriends,takeadeepbreathandjumprightin!4firststeptomakingnewfriendsisfiguringoutwhatisholdingyouback.Alotoftimespeople5areinterestedinmakingnewfriendsdon’tknowwhytheyhavethemalready.Theycan’tseethat6ownactionsareworkingagainstthem.Onceyoucanidentifywhatiskeepingyoufrommakingnewfriends,youneedtoworkthroughtheseconcerns.Thiscanbepainful7youwillneedtoputyourselfoutsideyourcomfortzonestoseeanyrealdifferences.Thenextstepistoshineinthesesocialsettingsothatotherswillleavewithapositive8(impress).Ifyoufindsocialsituationshard,justrelyonafewsimplerules.Whenyoufeel9(confidence)thatyou’vemadesomegreatnewfriends,getoutthereandcelebratewiththem!Nomatter10youdecidetodo,theimportantthingistocelebrateyournewfriendsandhopefullycontinuecultivatingmore.1.______2._____3._____.4._____5._____6.______7._______8.______9.______10._______Test2Theycalledher“theBlackPearl”,“theBlackGazelle”and“thefastestwomanintheworld”.Innineteensity,WilmaRudolphbecamethefirstAmericanwoman1(win)threegoldmedalsinoneOlympics.Shewas2extraordinaryAmericanathlete.Shealsodidalottohelpyoungathelets3(success).WilmaRudolphwasborn4averylarge,poor,African-Americanfamily.Shewasthe5(twenty)oftwenty-twochildren.Shewasborntooearlyandonly6(weigh)twokilograms.Shehadmanyillness7shewasveryyoung,includingpneumonia(肺炎)andscarletfever(猩紅熱)Shealsohadpolio(小兒麻痹癥),8damagedherleftleg.Whenshewassixyearsold,shebegantowearmentallegbraces(支架)becauseshecouldnotuse9leg.Withherfamily’sattentionandcare,10(luck),bythetimeshewasnineyearsold,shenolongerneededherlegbraces.1.______2._____3._____.4._____5._____6.______7._______8.______9.______10._______Test3Parentsshouldstopblamingthemselvesbecausethere’snotalottheycandoaboutit.Imeantheteenagerproblem.Whateveryoudoor1youchoosetodealwithit,atcertaintimesawonderful,2(reason)andhelpfulchildwillturnintoaterribleanimal.I’veseenfriendsdealwithitinallkindsofdifferentways.Onestrictmotherinsistedthatherson,rightfromachild,shouldstandupwheneveranyoneenteredtheroom,opendoorsandsh