基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè)核心素養(yǎng)提升

[基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)鞏固]一用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下面的短文WhenAdam1.woke(wake),itwaslight.Anewday2.had__dawned(dawn).He3.looked(look)aroundhimand4.saw(see)thathewasinhospital.How5.had__hegot(get)there?Obviously,someone6.had__taken(take)himthere,presumably(大概)inanambulance.Buthewasn'tinpain.He7.felt(feel)allright.He8.didn't__think(notthink)he9.had__suffered(suffer)anymajorinjuries.He10.tried(try)toremembertheeventsofthepreviousevening,butthey11.had__disappeared(disappear)fromhismemory.二語(yǔ)法與寫作1．他們本來(lái)想去幫忙，但沒(méi)有及時(shí)趕到那里。Theyhad__wanted__to__helpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.2．當(dāng)她聽(tīng)說(shuō)父親在那次事故中喪生時(shí)，她大哭起來(lái)。Whensheheardthather__father__had__diedinthataccident,sheburstoutcrying.3．災(zāi)難一發(fā)生，當(dāng)?shù)卣筒扇∮行У拇胧I(yíng)救被埋在倒塌的屋子下的人們。Nosoonerhad__the__disaster__occurredthanthelocalgovernmenttookeffectivemeasurestorescuethepeopleburiedunderthefallenhouses.4．那是我第一次參加交流生項(xiàng)目，那次經(jīng)歷不僅讓我開(kāi)闊了眼界，而且增強(qiáng)了我的信心。ItwasthefirsttimethatI__had__participated__in__the__exchange__student__program,__whichnotonlybroadenedmyhorizonbutalsoimprovedmyconfidence.5．到昨晚為止，工人們已使電力恢復(fù)正常。Bytheendoflastnight,theworkershad__got__the__electricity__back__to__normal．[能力綜合提升]Ⅰ.閱讀理解ASteveandYaserfirstmetintheirchemistryclassatanAmericanuniversity.YaserwasaninternationalstudentfromJordan.HewasexcitedtogettoknowanAmerican.HewantedtolearnmoreaboutAmericanculture.YaserhopedthatheandStevewouldbeegoodfriends.Atfirst,Steveseemedveryfriendly.HealwaysgreetedYaserwarmlybeforeclass.SometimesheofferedtostudywithYaser.HeeveninvitedYasertohavelunchwithhim.Butafterthetermwasover,Steveseemedmoredistant.Thetwoformer(以前的)classmatesdidn'tseeeachotherverymuchatschool.OnedayYaserdecidedtocallSteve.Stevedidn'tseemveryinterestedintalkingtohim.YaserwashurtbySteve'schangeofattitude.“Stevesaidwewerefriends，”Yaserplained.“AndIthoughtfriendswerefriendsforever.”Yaserisalittleconfused.Heisanoutsider(局外人)toAmericanculture.Hedoesn'tunderstandthewayAmericansviewfriendship.Americansusetheword“friend”inaverygeneralway.Theymaycallbothcasualacquaintances(熟人)andclosepanions(伙伴)“friends”.Americanshaveschoolfriends,workfriends,sportsfriendsandneighborhoodfriends.Thesefriendshipsarebasedonmoninterests.Americansocietychangesrapidly.StudiesshowthatoneoutoffiveAmericanfamiliesmoveseveryyear.Americanfriendshipsdevelopquickly,andtheymaychangejustasquickly.PeoplefromtheUnitedStatesmayatfirstseemfriendly.Americansoftenchateasilywithstrangers.Theyexchangeinformationabouttheirfamilies,hobbiesandwork.Theymaysmilewarmlyandsay,“haveaniceday”or“seeyoulater”.Schoolmatesmaysay,“Let'sgettogethersometime.”ButAmericanfriendlinessisnotalwaysanofferoftruefriendship.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】民族文化的不同使人們對(duì)友誼的看法不盡相同。美國(guó)人的友誼觀建立在共同的興趣愛(ài)好上。而由于美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬家，所以友誼就會(huì)不斷改變。1．Accordingtothepassage,whatmadeYaseralittleconfused?A.Steve'sinvitinghimtodinner.B.Steve'sstudyingwithhim.C.Steve'scoldattitude.D.Steve'smisunderstandinghim.C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Stevedidn'tseemveryinterestedintalkingtohim...Yaserisalittleconfused.”可知，亞瑟以為他們是永遠(yuǎn)的朋友，但是史蒂夫的態(tài)度卻改變了，因此亞瑟對(duì)此感到迷惑不解。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”refertoinparagraph4?A.Americanfamilies.B.Americanfriendships.C.PeoplefromtheUnitedStates.D.Misunderstandings.B解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞的句意“美國(guó)人的友誼發(fā)展得很快，它們可能變化得也很快”可推斷，畫線詞指代的是Americanfriendships。3．WhydoAmericanfriendshipsdevelopandchangesoquickly?A.Americansmaynotonlycallcasualacquaintancesbutclosepanion“friends”．B.Americansocietychangesrapidly,andthefamiliesmovefrequently.C.Americansoftenseemfriendly,andchateasilywithstrangersatfirst.D.Americansthinkfriendshipmeansastronglifelongrelationshipbetweentwopersons.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句和最后一段第一、二句可知，美國(guó)人有許多不同的朋友，這些友誼以共同的愛(ài)好為基礎(chǔ)；同時(shí)美國(guó)社會(huì)變化很快，且人們不斷搬遷，因此友誼變化很快。4．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus?A.PeopleshouldnotmakefriendswithAmericans.B.Everyoneneedsfriends.C.Theimportanceofkeepingfriendship.D.HowAmericansviewfriendship.D解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者通過(guò)講述史蒂夫和亞瑟兩個(gè)人的友誼說(shuō)明了美國(guó)人的友誼觀。因此推斷文章講述了美國(guó)人是如何看待友誼的。BNotlongago,LindaKhanwassittingbyahospitalbedinHouston,feelingillatease.Besideherlayherfatherwhoneededheartsurgery.Thetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmalltalk.Then,hereyesfellonapileofbooks.Shepickedupone,andstartedtoreaditoutloud.“Rightawayitchangedthemoodandatmosphere，”shesays.Readinggavethedaughterawaytoconnectwithherfather.Listeningallowedthefathertotravelonthesoundofhisdaughter'svoiceintoaplacewherehefelthimselfagain.“Fromthenon，”Khansays,“Ialwaysreadtohim.”InasurveyintheUnitedKingdom,elderlyadultswhojoinedweeklyread-aloudgroupsreportedbetterconcentration,lessanxiety,andanimprovedabilitytosocialize.Thesurveyauthorsowedtheseimprovementsinlargeparttothe“rich,varieddietofseriousliterature”thatgroupmembersconsumed,withfictionencouragingfeelingsofrelaxationandcalm,poetryfosteringfocusedconcentration,andnarrativesgivingrisetocognitive(認(rèn)知的)thoughts,feelings,andmemories.Intruth,almostanykindofreadingtoanotherpersoncanbebeneficial.Readersgetrewardstoo.ForNeilBush,thelate-lifehospitalizationofhisfamousparents,GeorgeH．W.andBarbaraBush,becameopportunitiestorepayadebtofgratitude.“WhenIwasakid,theywouldreadtome，”hesaid.Withhisparentsinandoutofcare,“We'vebeenreadingbooksaboutDad'sforeignpolicyand,morerecently,Mom'sautobiography.”Bushwenton,hisvoicethickwithemotion.“Andtoreadtheiramazinglifetothemhasbeenaremarkableblessingtome,personally,astheirson.”Tomanypeople,readingtoparentsmayseemsofaroutsidethenormalrangeofregularactivities,anditmayevenfeeloddandimproper.However,therearestillmanypeoplewhobravethemomentarystrangenessofreadingtoelderlyadultsandbothreadersandlistenersare,toborrowaphrasefromWordsworth,surprisedbythejoyofit.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章以琳達(dá)通過(guò)給住院的父親讀書(shū)，從而找到了與父親建立聯(lián)系的方法為例，介紹了讀書(shū)給別人聽(tīng)的好處。5．WhatdidreadingoffertoLindaandherfather?A.Awaytoestablishabond.B.Awaytotraveltogetherinreality.C.Awaytotreatthedisease.D.Awaytoengageinlearning.A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Readinggave...connectwithherfather.”可知，閱讀成了琳達(dá)和她的父親之間建立親密關(guān)系的一種方式。6．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Improvementsinmentalhealth.B.Benefitsofreadingtoothers.C.Changesinthecognitiveprocess.D.Developmentofsocialskills.B解析：段落大意題。通讀第二段，再結(jié)合該段尾句“Intruth,almostanykindofreading...canbebeneficial.”可知，該段陳述了給其他人閱讀的好處。7．WhatdoesNeilBush'sexperienceprove?A.Readingbenefitsmorethanthelistener.B.Parentsshouldreadmoretotheirkids.C.Childrenshouldshowtheirgratitude.D.Readingtoparentsischildren'sduty.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句及第三段尾句可知，不僅僅是傾聽(tīng)者，讀的一方也能從閱讀中獲益且獲益更多。8．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutreadingtoanelderlyadult?A.Improperandodd.B.Abnormalbutworthy.C.Rewardingandjoyful.D.Interestingbutunnecessary.C解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Readersgetrewardstoo.”可知，讀的一方在閱讀時(shí)會(huì)得到回報(bào)；再根據(jù)尾段尾句中的“thejoyofit”可知，為年邁的人閱讀會(huì)令人愉快。Ⅱ.七選五HowtoGetYourTeacherstoLikeYouEveryonewantstoleaveagoodimpressionontheirteachers,anditdoesn'tneedtobeplex.Youshouldlearnwhatteachersexpectofyou,andthenyou'llbeabletobehavewellinclass.1.________Putyourselfinyourteachers'shoes.Ifyouweresittinginfrontofabiggroupofnoisystudentsforeighthoursaday,everydayoftheweek,howwouldyoufeel?2.________Trytoimaginehowyourteachersmustfeelonadailybasistogiveyousomeideasonhowtoact,ifyouwantyourteacherstolikeyou.3．________There'snoonewaytomakeallyourteachershappy,sinceallyourteacherswillbepletelydifferentpeople.Somemaybeeasy-goingandwarm,whileothersmayseemcoldandstrict.Trytogetagoodunderstandingofyourteachers'characters.Atthesametime,youhadbetterknowwhattheylikeandwhatmakesthemsick.Domoreforyourclassinapositiveway.4.________Yourteacherswilloftenaskforvolunteers,oraskquestionsofthegroup,soit'simportantforyoutostandoutandspeakupactively.Keepyourspaceclean.Payattentiontokeepingyourpersonalandpublicspaceintheclassroominorderandclean.5.________There'snobetterwaytomakeyourteachersnotlikeyou,thantomakeabigmessintheclassroom.A.Trytodoyourbestwork.B.Readyourteachers'characters.C.Allthisisquiteeasyifyoureallywantto.D.You'dprobablywantyourstudentstoquietdownanddotheirschoolwork.E.It'shardworkbeingateacher,andthey'llappreciateyourpositiveattitude.F.Yourteachersaren'tyourparents,andshouldn'thavetocleanupafteryoufrequently.G.Whenyou'reinclass,youneedtodomorejobsthantheteachershaveexpectedofyou.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】文章就如何成為老師喜歡的學(xué)生這一話題給出了四點(diǎn)建議。1．C解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Youshouldlearnwhatteachersexpectofyou,andthenyou'llbeabletobehavewellinclass.”可知，你應(yīng)該了解老師對(duì)你的期待，然后你就會(huì)在班上表現(xiàn)良好。C項(xiàng)“如果你真的想要做，這一切都會(huì)很簡(jiǎn)單”符合語(yǔ)境。2．D解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Ifyouweresittinginfrontof...howwouldyoufeel？”可知，如果你每周每天都在吵鬧的學(xué)生前坐8個(gè)小時(shí)，你會(huì)感覺(jué)如何呢？因此推斷D項(xiàng)“你可能想讓你的學(xué)生安靜下來(lái)做他們的作業(yè)”符合語(yǔ)境。3．B解析：根據(jù)下文中的“There'snooneway...Trytogetagoodunderstandingofyourteachers'characters.”可知，你所有的老師可能是完全不同的人，要努力了解各位老師的性格。因此B項(xiàng)“懂得你老師的性格特點(diǎn)”適合作本段的主旨句。4．G解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Domoreforyourclassinapositiveway.”及下文中的“Yourteachers...andspeakupactively.”可知，要用積極的態(tài)度多為班級(jí)做事。G項(xiàng)“在課堂上，你需要做比老師期待的更多的事情”符合語(yǔ)境。5．F解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Payattentiontokeepingyourpersonalandpublicspaceintheclassroominorderandclean.”可知，注意保持你個(gè)人和教室的公共空間干凈有序。F項(xiàng)“老師不是你的父母，不應(yīng)該時(shí)常打掃你弄臟了的地方”符合語(yǔ)境。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空Ifeveryoneonyourteamisworkingdifferenthours,youmaybegettingemailsandmessagesatallhoursoftheday,nightorweekend,1.____________cancreateanalwaysavailable,or“always-on”environment.Thatmightbenecessaryinsome2.____________(industry)duringthesechallengingtimes,3.____________certainlynotineveryindustryandnotforeveryoneinanyindustry.However,oncethistakesrootinyourpanyculture,itbeesdifficult,ifnotimpossible,4.____________(change)thislater.Andbeing“always-on”isnotsustainable(可持續(xù)的).Itincreasespressureand5.____________(quick)turnsyourpany6.____________anunpleasantplacetowork.Itmightevencausethemostdedicated7.____________(employ)toconsiderotheroffers.Sohowcanyouacmodateyourworkers'needswhilestill8.____________(protect)yourcultureandyourteam'swork-lifebalance?Thekeyistodefineclear“municationhours”(forexample,8a．m.to6p．