重慶市大學(xué)城第一中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月線上考試英語試題

大一中20222023學(xué)年上期高2024屆12月份線上考試試題（試題滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘）第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makingaconsultation.B.Rentingaguitar.C.Organizingaparty.2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Salespersonandcustomer.B.Brotherandsister.C.Classmates.3.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheconcert?A.Itwasterrible.B.Itwasaverage.C.Itwaspleasant.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aweekendplan.B.Anewpany.C.Ajobopportunity.5.Whydoesthewomanlooktired?A.Shewalkedalongdistance.B.Shedidtoomuchhousework.C.Sheplayedtennisafterschool.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydidn’tthemangettheinjuredwomanoutofthecar?A.Hecouldn’topenthedoor.B.Hewasafraidofacarexplosion.C.Hedidn’twanttoworsenherwounds.7.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Ontheroad.B.Inahospital.C.Overthephone.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthemandislikeaboutthesofamentionedatfirst?A.Thesize.B.Thecolor.C.Thestyle.9.Whatdoesthemansayabouttheoldsofa?A.Itisheavy.B.Itissmall.C.Itisfortable.10.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?A.Lookatothersofas.B.Gotoanotherstore.C.Waitforasale.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthemanmostprobablydo?A.He’sahotelclerk.B.He’sataxidriver.C.He’satravelagent.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Callataxibyherself.B.Callataxiinadvance.C.Setoffearlytocatchtheflight.13.Howlongdoesittakethewomantogetready?A.Aboutanhour.B.Abouthalfanhour.C.Aboutoneandahalfhours.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhyisthemangoingtoMontrealnextsummer?A.Totakeacourse.B.Toattendawedding.C.Todosomebusiness.15.WhatdoweknowaboutQuebecCity?A.ItisthecapitalofQuebecProvince.B.ItisfarfromtheSt.LawrenceRiver.C.ItisthebiggestcityinQuebecProvince.16.WhatdoesthewomanmentionaboutQuebecCityatlast?A.Theancientbuildings.B.Thecoldwinter.C.Thebeautifulriver.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Tointroducenewteacherstostudents.B.Toinformstudentsoftheschedulefortoday.C.Toexplainsomenewschoolfacilitiestostudents.18.Whenwillstudentshaveabreak?A.At10:30.B.At10:45.C.At11:00.19.Whowillhandoutbooksinreception?A.Rebecca.B.Stewart.C.Anna.20.Whatwillstudentsdointheafternoon?A.Haveawrittentest.B.Listentoalecture.C.Doaselfassessment.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AEachyear,BostonUniversityproudlycelebratestheverybestinacademics,innovation,andteachingthroughtheawardingofUniversitywidehonorsandinoursupportofapplicantsforprestigious(有聲望的)nationalscholarships.ThefollowingshowcasethegrowinglistofopportunitiesandresourcesBostonUniversitymakesavailabletostudentstoassisttheminresearch,scholarshipandtheircontinuedpursuitofexcellence.HaroldC.CasescholarshipTheHaroldC.CasescholarshipisofferedtooutstandingBostonUniversityjuniorsforsupportoftheirsenioryear.CasescholarshipsrecognizescholarlyachievementsaswellasextracurricularactivitiesthatcontributetotheUniversity.Scholarshiprecipients(領(lǐng)受者)receivebetween$1,000andfulltuitiondependingonfinancialneed.Fundscanonlybeappliedtoundergraduatestudy.Inmostapplicationcycles1012recipientsareselected.DeanElsbethMelvillescholarshipTheDeanElsbethMelillescholarshipwasestablishedin1978tohonorDeanMelville’s“splendidandvariedcontribution”totheeducationandlivesofwomenatBostonUniversity.Onlytwoscholarshipsareawardedeachyeartotoprankedwomeninthejuniorclass.Scholarshiprecipientsreceiveaminimumof$1,000dependingonfinancialneed.Fundscanonlybeappliedtoundergraduatestudy.ClareBootheLuceundergraduatescholarshipsTheClareBootheLuceprogramoftheHenryLuceFoundationsupportsalimitednumberofUndergraduateScholarshipsforwomenstudentsinthefieldsofthephysicalandlifesciences,mathematics,engineering,andputerscience.Provost’sscholarsawardTheProvost’sscholarsawardscelebratetheachievementsofstudentswhohavedemonstratedtheirwillingnessintheirfirsttwoyearsofcollegetostretchthemselvesintellectually(智力上),topushbeyondwhattheyalreadyknowtheycando,totakesignificantrisksbypursuingtheunknownandunpredictableinshort,todemonstratethespiritofatruescholarataresearchuniversity.Upto20awardsaregivenperyear,eachcarrying$1000offundingforresearch/creativeactivityexpensessuchastraveltoconferencesandarchives(檔案館)orforresearchrelatedequipmentandsupplies.1.WhatdotheHaroldC.CasescholarshipandtheDeanElsbethMelvillescholarshiphaveinmon?A.Bothareinhonorofoutstandingwomen.B.Bothcanonlybeappliedtoundergraduatestudy.C.Bothareofferedto1012recipientseachyear.D.Bothcarryamaximumof$1,000offunding.2.Whichofthefollowingscholarshipsisspecificallyforfemalestudentsstudyingengineering?A.DeanElsbethMelvillescholarship.B.ClareBootheLuceundergraduatescholarships.C.Provost’sscholarsaward.D.HaroldC.Casescholarship.3.WhatcanProvost’sscholarsawardwinnersdowiththefunding?A.Buyresearchrelatedsupplies. B.Traveltoscenicspots.C.Buildarchives. D.Paytuitionfees.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要展示了波士頓大學(xué)為學(xué)生提供的4個(gè)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金機(jī)會(huì)和資源。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HaroldC.Casescholarship部分“Fundscanonlybeappliedtoundergraduatestudy.”(資金只能用于本科學(xué)習(xí)。)和DeanElsbethMelvillescholarship部分“Fundscanonlybeappliedtoundergraduatestudy.”(資金只能用于本科學(xué)習(xí)。)可知，這2個(gè)資源資助的對(duì)象僅僅是本科學(xué)習(xí)階段。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ClareBootheLuceundergraduatescholarships部分“TheClareBootheLuceprogramoftheHenryLuceFoundationsupportsalimitednumberofUndergraduateScholarshipsforwomenstudentsinthefieldsofthephysicalandlifesciences,mathematics,engineering,andputerscience.”(亨利·盧斯基金會(huì)的克萊爾·布思·盧斯計(jì)劃為物理和生命科學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、工程和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的女學(xué)生提供有限數(shù)量的本科獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。)可知，這項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金可以為學(xué)習(xí)工程學(xué)的女生提供。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Provost’sscholarsaward部分“Upto20awardsaregivenperyear,eachcarrying$1000offundingforresearch/creativeactivityexpensessuchastraveltoconferencesandarchives(檔案館)orforresearchrelatedequipmentandsupplies.”(每年頒發(fā)多達(dá)20個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，每個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)都有1000美元的資金用于研究/創(chuàng)意活動(dòng)開支，如會(huì)議和檔案館的差旅(檔案館)或用于研究相關(guān)設(shè)備和用品。)可知，這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)給獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叩莫?jiǎng)金可以用來買研究相關(guān)設(shè)備和用品。故選A。BIstareattherowofjarsfilledwithmyparents’homemadetomatosauce.EverytimeIwonder:“ShouldIreallyuseone?”Ihavebeensavingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.NomatterhowhardItrytofindsomethinginstead,nothingpares.Storeboughtsauces?Itjustdoesn’ttasteright.Itdoesn’ttastelikehome.Duringthetomatoseason,allmyfamilywerealotbusierthanusual.Myparentswouldusethebasementasanareaforlettingthetomatoestheyhadcollectedlocallyripen.LiketheotherItalianfamiliesinthearea,wewouldthentakethemtothegaragewhentheywereripeenough.Theretheywerecleanedandboiled.Oncestewed(燉),wholetomatoeswerepassedthroughmyfather’shomemademachineusedtoseparatethesaucefromtheskins.Jarsattheready,wefilledthemwithsauceandseasoning.Theywouldthenbelinedupandreadytouse.Myparentswouldmakemorethanjustsauceeveryfall.Iloveditwhentheywouldseasonalltheporksausage.Wewouldfrythemeat,tastingitbeforemakingtheseparatesausages.MyparentsexpertlyhandtiedthesausageswhileIwouldpoke(戳)themallover.Theseweremyfamily’straditions.Thesetraditionswerehardtomaintainwhenmyfathergotill.Afterbeingdiagnosedwithcancerin2019,hespentmostofhistimeinhospital.InSeptemberthatyearhecamehome,onthesameweekendwedecidedtocontinuethetradition.Ihaveglorious(美好的)memoriesofthatdayastheyonceagainmadethesauce.Itwasabeautifulbutshortlivedmoment.Myfatherdiedsoonafter.EverytimeIgotoreachforoneofthejars,somethingstopsme.Mymother,everpractical,wasvisitingusrecentlyandjuststaredatthem.“Youshouldusetheseortheywillgotowaste.”Whatwillitfeelliketousethatlastjar?Itwouldmeantheendofanera(時(shí)代).Whoknows?Maybeit’stimetobringnewtraditionstolife.4.Whydoestheauthorattachsogreatimportancetothejarscontainingthetomatosauce?A.Therecipeisunique. B.Thesauceisdelicious.C.Itremindshimofhome. D.Ittookgreatpatiencetomakeit.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thetimespentmakingtomatosauce.B.Thedifferencesbetweenhomemadeandstoreboughtsauces.C.Therulesofselectingtomatoestomakesauce.D.Theprocedureformakingtomatosauce.6.Whatistheauthor’smotherlike?A.Kind. B.Polite. C.Enthusiastic. D.Downtoearth.7.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Torecallhisfamilytraditionsofthepast. B.Toshowhisrespectforhislatefather.CTointroducehisfamilytraditions. D.Toplainabouthistoughpastexperience.【答案】4.C5.D6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者家里每年制作番茄醬的傳統(tǒng)在父親去世之后就很難繼續(xù)保持了，作者意識(shí)到是時(shí)候給生活引入新的傳統(tǒng)了。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ihavebeensavingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.NomatterhowhardItrytofindsomethinginstead,nothingpares.Storeboughtsauces?Itjustdoesn’ttasteright.Itdoesn’ttastelikehome.(我一直把這些罐子像珍寶一樣保存著。無論我多么努力地去尋找，都無法與之相比。現(xiàn)成的醬汁?只是味道不對(duì)。它嘗起來不像家的味道。)”可知作者如此重視這些盛有番茄醬的壇子是因?yàn)檫@些壇子讓作者想起了家的味道。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“LiketheotherItalianfamiliesinthearea,wewouldthentakethemtothegaragewhentheywereripeenough.Theretheywerecleanedandboiled.Oncestewed(燉),wholetomatoeswerepassedthroughmyfather’shomemademachineusedtoseparatethesaucefromtheskins.Jarsattheready,wefilledthemwithsauceandseasoning.Theywouldthenbelinedupandreadytouse.(和這個(gè)地區(qū)的其他意大利家庭一樣，我們會(huì)在它們成熟的時(shí)候把它們送到車庫。在那里他們被清洗和煮。燉好之后，整個(gè)番茄都要經(jīng)過父親自制的機(jī)器，用來將醬汁和外皮分開。罐子準(zhǔn)備好了，我們往里面裝滿了醬汁和調(diào)料。然后將它們排列好，準(zhǔn)備使用。)”可知文章第二段主要講的是作者一家制作番茄醬的過程。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Mymother,everpractical,wasvisitingusrecentlyandjuststaredatthem.“Youshouldusetheseortheywillgotowaste.”(我的母親，一向務(wù)實(shí)，最近來看我們，只是盯著那些壇子?！澳銘?yīng)該用這些，否則就浪費(fèi)了?！?”可以推斷出作者的母親是一位很務(wù)實(shí)的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Istareattherowofjarsfilledwithmyparents’homemadetomatosauce.EverytimeIwonder:“ShouldIreallyuseone?”Ihavebeensavingthesejarslikeprecioustreasures.NomatterhowhardItrytofindsomethinginstead,nothingpares.Storeboughtsauces?Itjustdoesn’ttasteright.Itdoesn’ttastelikehome.(我盯著那排裝滿父母自制番茄醬的罐子。每次我都在想：“我真的應(yīng)該用一個(gè)嗎?”我一直把這些罐子像珍寶一樣保存著。無論我多么努力地去尋找，都無法與之相比?，F(xiàn)成的醬汁?只是味道不對(duì)。它嘗起來不像家的味道。)”以及文章第四段“Thesetraditionswerehardtomaintainwhenmyfathergotill.(我父親生病后，這些傳統(tǒng)就很難維持下去了。)”以及最后一段“Whatwillitfeelliketousethatlastjar?Itwouldmeantheendofanera(時(shí)代).Whoknows?Maybeit’stimetobringnewtraditionstolife.(用完最后一罐會(huì)是什么感覺?這將意味著一個(gè)時(shí)代的終結(jié)。誰知道呢?也許是時(shí)候給生活帶來新的傳統(tǒng)了。)”及其他幾段的內(nèi)容可知文章主要圍繞著作者家里過去制作番茄醬的傳統(tǒng)展開，所以寫作目的是為了回憶過去的家庭傳統(tǒng)。故選A項(xiàng)。CCultureisabroadtermthatinvolvesthesymbols,languages,andmaterialsassociatedwithasociety.Itincludesmaterialelements,suchasclothing,technology,andhousingaswellasnonmaterialelements,suchasgesturesandbehavioralnorms.Sincecultureissobroadandhumansexperiencetheworldinawidevarietyofways,underageneralculturalumbrellaoftenexistmanysubcultures.ThereareanumberofsubculturesintheUnitedStates.Iftheanalogy(類比)ofameltingpotisappliedtoAmericanculturesubculturesmightbetheindividualingredientsinthesoup.Theyareinthesamecontainerbuthavecharacteristicsthatdistinguishthemfromoneanother.Someelementsmightbesimilar,andothersmightprovidecontrast.Subculturesexistwithinthedominantcultureofasociety.SomeoftheprimaryvaluesthatdefinethedominantAmericancultureareindividualism,petition,andaheartyworkethic.Howisasubculturedistinguishedfromthedominantculture?Itispartofthemainculture,butitsmembersshareoneormoremondifferences.Thosedifferencesmaybeduetosharedexperiences,customs,traits,orpreferences,amongotherthings.

Somesubculturesareidentifiedbycertain

qualifiers

suchassharedraceandethnicity.Othersmayformaroundhobbies.Somesubculturesarecultivatedinoppositiontoelementsofthedominantculture.

Oppositional

subculturesmaybecalledcountercultures.Subculturescanbedistinct,withspecificdefinitionsandrules.Othersareflexiblewithliminalmemberships.SubculturesinAmericarangefromtheubiquitoustotheobscure.Membersofasubculturetypicallysharemonbeliefsorlifestylesandsometimesincorporatesharedclothingstyles.Participationinasubculturemightbeflexibleandtemporaryorstrictlyobserved.

OneexampleofsubculturesinAmericaisthepunksubculturewhichdevelopedinthe1970sandcontinuestoevolve.Earlyparticipantsinpunkrockculturerejectedmainstreamculturalinfluences,includingpolitics,fashion,andstagerockanddiscomusic.Thestereotypicalcharacteristicsofthemincludedistressedclothing,studdedleather,batboots,andcolorfullydyedhair.8.Whymeltingpotismentionedinthepassage?A.Toexplainhowsubculturescoexist.B.ToexplainwhysubculturesexistinAmerica.C.ToshowthattherearemoresubculturesthandominantcultureinAmerica.D.ToindicatethatallculturesinAmericabeealikebecauseofmunication.9.Whatcanbelearntfromparagraph3?A.AsubculturecanbeformedbasedonsharedpreferencesB.MembersofdominantculturehavesharedraceandethnicityC.AllsubcultureshavetheirliminalmembershipsD.Thereisuniformaestheticformembersofsubculture10.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“stereotypical”?A.Likeable. B.Annoying C.Flexible. D.Fixed11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsubcultures?A.Negative. B.Objective. C.Uninterested. D.Favorable【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了在主流文化的大傘下還存在著各種各樣的亞文化，介紹了美國各種亞文化的形成及其特點(diǎn)。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Iftheanalogy(類比)ofameltingpotisappliedtoAmericanculture,subculturesmightbetheindividualingredientsinthesoup.(如果把美國文化比作熔爐，那么亞文化可能就是湯里的各種食材)”以及“Subculturesexistwithinthedominantcultureofasociety.(亞文化存在于一個(gè)社會(huì)的主導(dǎo)文化中)”可知，文章中提到熔爐的目的是解釋亞文化如何共存，故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Itispartofthemainculture,butitsmembersshareoneormoremondifferences.Thosedifferencesmaybeduetosharedexperiences,customs,traits,orpreferences,amongotherthings.(它（亞文化）是主流文化的一部分，但其成員有一個(gè)或多個(gè)共同的差異。這些差異可能是由于共同的經(jīng)歷、習(xí)俗、特點(diǎn)或偏好等原因造成的)”可知，亞文化可以基于共同的偏好形成，故選A?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線處后文“characteristicsofthemincludedistressedclothing,studdedleather,batboots,andcolorfullydyedhair.(它們的特點(diǎn)包括破舊的衣服、鑲嵌的皮革、戰(zhàn)靴和彩色染發(fā))”可知，這里的他們指的是朋克搖滾文化的參與者。根據(jù)第三段“Itispartofthemainculture,butitsmembersshareoneormoremondifferences.Thosedifferencesmaybeduetosharedexperiences,customs,traits,orpreferences,amongotherthings.(它是主流文化的一部分，但其成員有一個(gè)或多個(gè)共同的差異。這些差異可能是由于共同的經(jīng)歷、習(xí)俗、特點(diǎn)或偏好等原因造成的)”可知，亞文化的形成是一類人基于共同的偏好，所以這一類人應(yīng)具有共同的固定的典型特征。A.Likeable很受歡迎的；B.Annoying煩人的；C.Flexible靈活的；D.Fixed固定的；選項(xiàng)D符合語境，故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。第一段講述了亞文化是存在于主流文化保護(hù)傘下的一種文化；第二段講述了各種亞文化如何共生；第三段講述了亞文化的形成；第四段講述了亞文化的種類；第五段講述亞文化參與者的特征；全文未出現(xiàn)表達(dá)作者對(duì)亞文化態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的句子，作者以一種客觀的態(tài)度向讀者介紹了什么是亞文化，故選C。DHaveyoueverwonderedwhyyoumightbealittletallerthanyourfriendsorfamily?Well,scientistsbelievethemysteryofwhyhumansaregrowingtallerandreachingpuberty(青春期)earlierisduetosomethinginthebrain.Wealreadyknowthatbetternutritionleadstogreaterheightashumanshavebeengrowingtalleronthewholeinrecentcenturies.Betternutritionalsocausespeopletoreachmaturity(成熟)faster.GenesalsoplayaroleinhowtallwebeeandweallgrowandlookaccordingtothecodesinourDNA.Alackofnutritionmakesitharderforustoreachthefullpotentialofourowngenes.AccordingtotheUniversityofMaryland,ourbodyrequiresacertainamountofenergytomakeusgrow.Butanewstudysuggeststhatabrainreceptor(感受器)couldberesponsibleforourgrowth.ThestudyshowedthatthebrainreceptorMC3Risresponsibleforsignalsfromfoodreachingapartofthebraincalledthehypothalamus(下丘腦).Thehypothalamusisresponsibleforkeepingthingsinchecklikebodytemperatureandadjustingappetiteandweight.MC3R’snotworkingproperlytendstomeanthatpeopleareshorterandstartpubertymuchlater.ProfessorSirStephenO’Rahilly,oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,said,“l(fā)ttellsthebodywe’regreathereandthatwe’vegotlotsoffood,sogrowquicklyandhavepubertysoon.”Thereisalotaboutthebrainwestilldon’tknow.Butthisresearchcouldleadtofurtherdevelopmentofdrugsforchildrenwithdelayedgrowthandpubertystartingmuchlater.Moreunderstandingofthereceptorwon’tmeanthatwecanmakeourselvestaller.Thatallstilldependsongenes,butitcouldhelppeoplewithchronic(慢性的)illnesseswhoneedtobuildupmuscle.12.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.Genesleadtofastermaturity.B.Nutritiondeterminesaperson’sheight.C.Betternutritionisimportanttogrowingtaller.D.Badnutritionwillchangeaperson’sgenes.13.HowdoesMC3Rworktogetyoutalleraccordingtothenewstudy?A.Bytakinginalargeamountofnutritionitself.B.Byhavinguscheckbodytemperaturesregularly.C.Bysendingsignalstoinspireustohavemorenutrition.D.Byhelpinguscontrolourappetitetoloseweight.14.ThenewfindingwillmostprobablyhelptoA.findwaystoputoffkid’spubertyB.treatpatientswithchronicillnessC.findscientificexercisetogetourmusclestrongerD.developmedicineforkidswithdelayedgrowth15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyAreSomePeopleShorter?GenesAretoBlameB.WhyAreSomePeopleShorter?NutritionIstoBlameC.WhyAreSomePeopleTaller?TheKeyIsinOurAppetiteD.WhyAreSomePeopleTaller?TheKeyIsinOurBrains【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了有些人比別人高的奧秘——關(guān)鍵在大腦?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Wealreadyknowthatbetternutritionleadstogreaterheightashumanshavebeengrowingtalleronthewholeinrecentcenturies.(我們已經(jīng)知道，更好的營養(yǎng)導(dǎo)致更高的身高，因?yàn)榻鼛讉€(gè)世紀(jì)來，人類的整體身高一直在增長。)”可知，更好的營養(yǎng)導(dǎo)致更高的身高。故選C。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二三句“ThestudyshowedthatthebrainreceptorMC3Risresponsibleforsignalsfromfoodreachingapartofthebraincalledthehypothalamus(下丘腦).(但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，大腦感受器可能負(fù)責(zé)我們的生長。研究表明，大腦感受器MC3R負(fù)責(zé)食物信號(hào)到達(dá)大腦的下丘腦。)”以及第四段第二句“ProfessorSirStephenO’Rahilly,oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,said,“ittellsthebodywe’regreathereandthatwe’vegotlotsoffood,sogrowquicklyandhavepubertysoon.”(StephenO'Rahilly教授是該研究的作者之一，他說：“MC3R告訴我們的身體，我們?cè)谶@里很好，我們有很多食物，所以生長得快，青春期也快?！?”可知，MC3R是通過發(fā)出信號(hào)到達(dá)大腦的下丘腦，激勵(lì)我們攝入更多營養(yǎng)讓我們更高的。故選C。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“Butthisresearchcouldleadtofurtherdevelopmentofdrugsforchildrenwithdelayedgrowthandpubertystartingmuchlater.(但這項(xiàng)研究可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致針對(duì)發(fā)育遲緩和青春期開始較晚的兒童的藥物的進(jìn)一步開發(fā)。)”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會(huì)為發(fā)育遲緩的兒童開發(fā)藥物提供幫助。故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段“Haveyoueverwonderedwhyyoumightbealittletallerthanyourfriendsorfamily?Well,scientistsbelievethemysteryofwhyhumansaregrowingtallerandreachingpuberty(青春期)earlierisduetosomethinginthebrain.(你有沒有想過為什么你可能比你的朋友或家人高一點(diǎn)？科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為，人類長高并提前進(jìn)入青春期的奧秘在于大腦中的某種東西。)”可知，本文主要介紹有些人比別人高的奧秘——關(guān)鍵在大腦。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ANIMALBODYLANGUAGEHumanbeingsarenotonlyoneswhomunicate.______16______Hereisaquicklookathowsomeofouranimalfriendssendmessagestousandtoeachother.______17______Whenadogishappy,itsearswillstandupanditseyeswillbewideopen.Thedogwillstartbarking.movingitstail,andrunningaroundincirclesorjumpingupanddowntoshowyouthatitwantstoplay.Adogthatisafraidwilllayonitsbackandcloseitseyes.Thedogmayshowitsteethandloweritsbodysothatitisclosetotheground.Thedogmayalsoshake,anditwillputitstailbetweenitslegs.Whenadogisangry,itsmainbodylanguageisshowingitsteethandgrowling(低聲叫).Thedogwilltrymakingitselflookasbigaspossible.Thetailwillstandstraightoutfromthebody.Elephantsalsousenoisesandbodylanguagetoexpressthemselves.Anelephant’ssenseofsmellishighlydeveloped.Anelephantcansmellhowanotherelephantisfeelingandeventellifitissick.Theelephant’snose,ortrunk,isalsousedtomakenoisesandtoweleotherelephants.Differentnoiseshaveavarietyofmeaningstheycanmean“Iamhungry”,“Iamangry”,or“Goodtoseeyou!”______18______Ifanelephantspreadsitsears,itmeans“Watchout!“Toshowfriendship,elephantswilltoucheachotherwiththeirtrunksandstandclosetoeachother,puttingtheirheadstogether.Dolphinsaresocialanimals.______19______Anangrydolphinwillsometimeshititstailonthesurfaceofthewater.Themovementandnoiseletotherdolphinsknowthatsomethingiswrong.Ifadolphinwantstosendamessageoveralongdistance,orifitwantstoshowhowstrongitis,itwilljumphighoutofthewaterandlandonitsside,makingaloudnoise.Adolphin’sfavoriteactivityisleapingintotheairwhileplayingwithitsfriends.Whendolphinsaretiredandneedtorest,theywillswiminsmallgroupsclosetothesurface.______20______A.Dogsarehuman’sloyalfriends.B.Ifyouseethemdoingthis,youshouldnotdisturbthem.C.Anelephant’sbodylanguageincludesearsignalsandgestures.D.Theyliveingroupsandloveshowingeachothertheirfeelings.E.Dogsusesounds,bodymovements,andtheirtailstomunicate.F.Ifanelephantsensesitspartnerisfallingsick,itwillalsomakeanoise.G.Animalsusebodylanguagetotelleachotherhowtheyfeelandwhattheythink【答案】16.G17.E18.C19.D20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述動(dòng)物的交流方式。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Humanbeingsarenotonlyoneswhomunicate.”(不止人類會(huì)交流。)和下文“Hereisaquicklookathowsomeofouranimalfriendssendmessagestousandtoeachother.”(接下來讓我們簡單的了解一下我們的動(dòng)物朋友是如何發(fā)送信息給我們和動(dòng)物們之間的。)可知，中間要提到動(dòng)物也有它們的交流方式。選項(xiàng)G“動(dòng)物用肢體語言告訴對(duì)方它們感覺如何和它們想的什么?！焙蜕舷挛囊馑歼B貫。故選G。【17題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Whenadogishappy,itsearswillstandupanditseyeswillbewideopen.”(當(dāng)狗高興的時(shí)候，它的耳朵會(huì)豎起來并且它的眼睛會(huì)睜得很大。)可知，這一段說明狗的交流方式。選項(xiàng)E“狗用聲音，身體的移動(dòng)和它們的尾巴進(jìn)行交流。”和下文意思一致。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifanelephantspreadsitsears,itmeans“Watchout!“Toshowfriendship,elephantswilltoucheachotherwiththeirtrunksandstandclosetoeachother,puttingtheirheadstogether.”(如果大象展開它的耳朵，意思就是“小心！”為了表達(dá)友誼，大象會(huì)相互碰一下鼻子，并且相互站的很近，把它們的頭放在一起。)可知，這里描述大象用耳朵和身體來交流。選項(xiàng)C“大象的肢體語言包括耳朵信號(hào)和姿勢?！焙拖挛囊馑家恢?。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Dolphinsaresocialanimals.”(海豚是群居動(dòng)物。)可知，這里描述海豚的生活特點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)D“它們住在一起，并且喜歡相互表達(dá)它們的情感。”和上文意思一致。故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whendolphinsaretiredandneedtorest,theywillswiminsmallgroupsclosetothesurface.”(當(dāng)海豚累并且想休息的時(shí)候，它們會(huì)在接近水面的地方一小群的一起游泳。)可知，這里提到海豚也會(huì)累，也需要休息。選項(xiàng)B“如果你看到它們這樣，你不應(yīng)該打擾它們。”和上文意思一致。故選B。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)黑。ItwasJune14andthelastdayofmiddleschoolhadarrived.The____21____inthehallswasfullofexcitementasthestudentsranaroundtheschool____22____forwardtothefinalbellsotheycouldcelebratethearrivalofsummervacation.AsIcleanedoutmydrawers,I____23____astudent’spasthomeworkassignmentdatingallthe____24____backto1964,longbeforeIbecameateacher.The____25____yellowpaperhadbeenwedged(塞入)behindtwodrawers,yetitwasinperfectshape.Lookingintomy____26____,youcouldseeabouttwodozenboxesandbinsinside.The22milliondollarrenovation(翻新)wasonlydaysawayfromstartingandwewereinstructed(告知)thateverythingmust____27____.Myfamily,____28____newbornbabySummer,hadarrivedthatdayandthestudentswere____29____tomeether.Upontheirarrival,____30____spreadquicklythatmydaughterwashere.ThejoysurroundingSummerwas____31____.Whatisitaboutababythatdrawspeopletogether?Magical____32____werehappeningandIwascapturing(捕捉)asmanyofthemasIcould.Thedaybefore,Iheldapartyforthestudents.Iknewthatthiswouldbethelastfarewell(告別)partyinmyclassroomof19yearsandthelasttimeIwouldseeallofthesestudentstogether.____33____,thefeelingswerebittersweet(苦樂參半的).I____34____whentheywereallinmiddleschoolandwouldvisitmeonmybirthday,andtheymadeitanannualtradition.Iwill____35____thesemomentsfortherestofmylife.21.A.property B.atmosphere C.routine D.preference22.A.moving B.taking C.heading D.looking23.A.counted B.encountered C.valued D.evaluated24.A.means B.method C.way D.measure25.A.faded B.efficient C.academic D.available26.A.party B.school C.classroom D.drawer27.A.walk B.go C.make D.work28.A.inferring B.founding C.preparing D.including29.A.unfortunate B.unfortable C.sorry D.excited30.A.word B.idea C.wind D.voice31.A.uncertain B.unclear C.apparent D.abnormal32.A.moments B.memories C.consequences D.circumstances33.A.Innocase B.Asaresult C.Bynomeans D.Tosumup34.A.thoughtof B.thoughtover C.thoughtbackto D.thoughthighlyof35.A.treasure B.obtain C.conclude D.acpany【答案】21.B22.D23.B24.C25.A26.C27.B28.D29.D30.A31.C32.A33.B34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是在放暑假前，作者和學(xué)生們舉行歡送聚會(huì)，這將是作者最后一次看到所有這些學(xué)生在一起，因此作者會(huì)珍惜這一時(shí)刻?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：教室里充滿了興奮的氣氛，學(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)校里奔跑著，期待著最后的鈴聲，這樣他們就可以慶祝暑假的到來了。A.property財(cái)產(chǎn)；B.atmosphere氣氛；C.routine常規(guī)；D.preference偏愛。根據(jù)下文“fullofexcitement”可知，教室里充滿了興奮的氣氛。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：教室里充滿了興奮的氣氛，學(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)校里奔跑著，期待著最后的鈴聲，這樣他們就可以慶祝暑假的到來了。A.moving移動(dòng)；B.taking拿走；C.heading前往；D.looking看。根據(jù)下文“sotheycouldcelebratethearrivalofsummervacation”可知，學(xué)生們期待著最后的鈴聲，這樣他們就可以慶祝暑假的到來了。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我清理抽屜時(shí)，我看到一個(gè)學(xué)生以前的家庭作業(yè)，這可以追溯到1964年，那時(shí)我還沒有當(dāng)老師。A.counted數(shù)數(shù)；B.encountered偶遇；C.valued重視；D.evaluated評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)下文“astudent’spasthomeworkassignment”可知，作者看到一個(gè)學(xué)生以前的家庭作業(yè)?？崭裉幱胑ncountered，表示無意中看到，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我清理抽屜時(shí)，我看到一個(gè)學(xué)生以前家庭作業(yè)，這可以追溯到1964年，那時(shí)我還沒有當(dāng)老師。A.means方法；B.method方法；C.way路；D.measure措施。根據(jù)下文“backto1964”可知，那個(gè)作業(yè)可以一直追溯到1964年，alltheway是固定短語，意為“一直”。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：那張褪色的黃紙塞在兩個(gè)抽屜后面，但依然完好無損。A.faded褪色的；B.efficient效率高的；C.academic學(xué)術(shù)的；D.available可獲得的。根據(jù)上文“homeworkassignmentdatingallthe____4____backto1964”可知，作業(yè)年代已經(jīng)很久遠(yuǎn)了，所以褪色了。故選A。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：向我的教室望去，你可以看到里面大約有二十多個(gè)盒子和垃圾箱。A.party派對(duì)；B.school學(xué)校；C.c