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小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)(一)

第一章名詞

一、名詞可分為:1.專有名詞和普通名詞

2.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

1.專有名詞和普通名詞

1)專有名詞:是指特定的人、地方、事物、機(jī)構(gòu)的專有名稱。開頭的字母必須大寫。如:

Tom,Martin,Shenzhen,HongKong,China,Sunday,October,Chinese等。

2)普通名詞:是指不屬于特定的人名、地名、事物、概念的名詞都是普通名詞。它分為四

類:個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞。

①個(gè)體名詞:用來表示單個(gè)的人或事物。如:hospital,policeman,house,tree,cat,dog

等。

②集體名詞:用來表示一群人或一些事物的總稱。如:family,class,group,people,police,

army等。

③物質(zhì)名詞:表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)。如:water,air,tea,sugar,butter,rice等。

④抽象名詞:表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)或其他抽象概念如:happiness,health,life,manners,

love等o

2.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞

1)可數(shù)名詞:一般地說,個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞是可以計(jì)數(shù)的,所以稱之為可數(shù)名詞,有

單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。

如:acity—twocitiesabird—threebirdsabook-tenbooks

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成:

①規(guī)則變化:

條件變化讀音例詞例外

一般名詞在詞尾加S在清輔音后讀/S/,濁caps,cakes/s/house/haus/

輔音或元音后讀/z/dogs,stars,boys,pens/z/houses/hauziz/

以字母在詞尾加eses讀/iz/glass-glasses/watch-watchesStomachs

s,x,sh,ch結(jié)brush-brushes/box-boxes

尾的名詞

以字母朦把瞰fe變ves讀/vz/shelf-shelves\life-lives而有些以f結(jié)尾的詞,也只加

fe結(jié)尾的名為vesknife-knives\leaf-leavss讀/fs/,如roof-roofs,

詞harf-harvesbelief-beliefs,proof-proofs,

handkerchiefandscarf變復(fù)

數(shù)時(shí),可用兩種形式

以輔音加y變y為I再加es讀/z/story-stories以元音加y結(jié)尾的單詞,在y

結(jié)尾的名詞esbaby-babies后直接加s讀/z/,如:

ferry-ferriesboy-boys

party-partieskey-leys

monkey,monkeys

day,days

以輔音+O詞尾加es讀/z/potato-potatoes無生命的名詞在詞尾直接加

結(jié)尾的有生hero-heroesS讀/z/如:zoo-zoos

命的名詞Estomato-tomatoespiano-pianos

photo-photos

以th結(jié)尾的此謂加S原來發(fā)/。/的th多變mouth-mouths/youth-youthsMath-maths

名詞為/6/音,后面的s也

隨之而發(fā)/Z/音Month-months

②不規(guī)則變化:英語里有一部分名詞的復(fù)試形式是不規(guī)則的。

a)改變?cè)糇帜?,發(fā)音也隨之發(fā)生變化。

如:man--menwoman--womenpolicewoman--policewomenpostman--postmen

policeman--policemenfoot--feettooth--teethgoose--geese

注意:man和woman用作定語時(shí),也有單復(fù)數(shù)變化。

如:amanteacher--twomenteachersawomannurse--threewomennurses

b)有些名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)相同。

如:asheep--twosheepafish--threefishadeer--twodeeranaircraft--fouraircraft

c)有些名詞通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。

如:scissors(剪刀)trousers(褲子)clothes(衣服)glasses(眼鏡)shorts(短褲)

d)表示“某國人”的名詞單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式因習(xí)慣不同而有不同的形式。

這類詞通常分為三類。

?單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)相同:如:aJapanese—twoJapaneseaChinese--twoChinese

■詞尾力口s:如:aGerman--twoGermansanAmerican-twoAmericans

?變man為men:如:anEnglishman--twoEnglishmenanFrenchwoman--twoFrenchwomen

e)其他形式。如:achild--twochildrenanox--threeoxenamouse--fourmice

2)不可數(shù)名詞:物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般是不可數(shù)的,所以稱之為不可數(shù)名詞。如:

water,milk,oil,soil,ink,bread,juice

它們通常只有單數(shù)形式。但是在具體的情況下也可以用作可數(shù)名詞。如:

food—foods(各種食物)fruit--fruits(各種水果)

tea—teas(各種茶葉)gas—gases(各種氣味)

如果需要表示名詞的具體數(shù)量時(shí),可用以下的短語寫:

aglassofjuiceapieceofpaperasliceofbreadabottleofoil

aboxof.....abowlof.......adishof.......apairof

akindof......akiloof.......akilogramof.......abasketof

abagof.......afullof.......abasinof.......acupof......

apacketof...alotof.......

而有些物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)含義不同,如:

people(人民/人們)peoples(民族)water(水)waters(海/潮水)

paper(紙)papers(報(bào)紙/試卷/文件)custom(習(xí)慣)customs(海關(guān))

time(時(shí)間)times(次數(shù)/倍/時(shí)代)brain(頭腦)brains(腦力/智力)

arm(胳膊)arms(武器)snow(雪)snows(積雪)

cloth(布)clothes(衣服)

二、名詞的所有格:

1、表示有生命的(人或動(dòng)物的)名詞所有格。

1)在單數(shù)名詞后加,s構(gòu)成。

如:Mysister5sbagisblack.Herdog'stailisveryshort.ThisisKen?room

2)以s結(jié)尾的名詞,只需要在后面加,。如:Thestudents5booksareoverthere.Theteachers"booksarehere.

3)如果這物體是屬于2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上的共有的,只需要在后面的名詞詞尾加,s。

如:MaryandKate5sroomisverylarge.

4)有些表示時(shí)間、距離等無生命的事物的名詞后面,也可以加飛或,構(gòu)成名詞所有格。

如:Whereistoday'snewspaper?Theschoolis20minutes9walkfrommyhome.

2、無生命的名詞所有格一般可用。f+名詞這一結(jié)構(gòu)來表示。

如:ThemapofChinais20yuan.Thedoorsofclassroomareopen.

Practice:(練習(xí)一)

把下列的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。

family_______________country________________story______

lorryboykey

monkeycitybaby

body_______________day_______________holiday_____

birthday_______________ferry______________factory_____

leafknifethief

wolfwifescarf

lifemousewoman

halfradiozoo

tomatopianopotato_

busclassglass

boxfoxmatch

watchbrushdress

toothgoosefoot

sheepchildGerman

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1、Howmany(lorry)canyousee?Icanseefour(lorry).

2、Therearesix(ferry)inShenzhen.

3、Therearemany(sheep)and(horse)ontheground.

4、MrZhangandLiuareboth(postman).

5>Weare(Chinese).Theyare(American).

6、Chinahasmanylarge(city).

Shanghaiisoneofthebiggest(city)inChina.

7、Iwanttobuysomeand(milk,vegetable).

8、Thereismuch(rubbish)onthefloor.

9>Ihavetwo(knife).

10>Therearemany(box)here.

11>IhavegotalotofChristmas(card).

12>Thereareafew(people)intheplayground.

13、Afew(boy)aredrawingonthewall.

14>The(child)areplayingfootballnow.

15>Hehassomeinteresting(book).

3、單項(xiàng)選擇。

)l.Wemustmakefortheoldonthebus.

A.roomB.aroomC.seatD.place

)2.Sheisthetallestofinthefamily.

A.anysisterB.allthesistersC.allhersistersD.anyothersisters

)3.Theydon'thavetodotoday.

A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworks

)4.Peter,Fmhungry.Pleasegivemebread.

A.aB.apieceC.apieceofD.many

)5.1wouldliketohave.

A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkC.twoglassofmilksD.twoglassesmilks

)6.Whatwearehavingtoday!

A.fineweatherB.afineweatherC.fineweathersD.weatherfine

)7.Weareall.

A.AmericanB.BritishesC.CanadaD.Japanese

)8.ThetrousersonthechairMr.Brown9s.

A.isB.areC.wasD.were

)9.TheChinesepeopleenjoyhappynow.

A.lifeB.lifesC.alifeD.lives

)10.Someandweretalkinginarestaurant.

A.Germans;FrenchesB.German;anEnglishC.Germans;FrenchmenD.

GermanEnglishmen

三、英漢互譯。

1.一片面包__________________________________________2.一瓶牛奶_______________

3.一箱蘋果__________________________________________4.一碗湯________________

5.一條消息_________________________________________6.兩張紙_________________

7.四杯桔子汁______________________________________8.五包糖果_______________

9.三公斤西紅柿_____________________________________10.兩公斤牛肉

11H-一名美國人____________________________________12.六名女生______________

Practice:(練習(xí)二)

1.用所給名詞的正確形式填空。

l.Thisis(May)book.

2.My(brothers)toycarsareverybeautiful.

3.Heisafriendofmy(mother).

4.That5s(KenandBill)newbedroom.

5.-Whosearethoselunchbox?

-They're(Mary)

6.(Pat)bagisverypretty.(Bob)isverypretty,too.

7.Thesebooksaremy(feiend).

8.TomorrowisJunelst.Ifs(children)Day.

2.單向選擇。

()l.Thisisnotyourradio,but.

A.yoursbrotherB.yourbrother'sC.youbrother'sD.yoursbrothers

()2.September10thisDay.

A.TeacherB.TeachersC.Teachers9D.Teachers's

()3.Joanissisiter.

A.MaryandJackB.Mary5sandJack'sC.Mary'sandJackD.Maryand

Jack's

()4.1willgiveyoutofinishit.

A.twoweek'stimeB.twoweektimeC.twoweeks9tineD.twoweekstime

)5.MissSmithisafriendof.

A.Mary'smother5sB.Mary'smother

C.Marymother'sD.mother'sofMary

)March8isDay.

A.WomanB.WomenC.Women5sD.Woman's

綜合練習(xí)

)l.Bobhasalready.

A.twobreadB.twobreads

C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbreads

)2.TheboycanspeakEnglish.

A.alittleB.alotC.fewD.afew

)3.Marywenttolastnight.

A.thehouseofherfatherB.hersfather9shouse

C.thehouse'sherfatherD.herfather9shouse

)4.Therearesheepintheplace.

A.alotB.lotC.muchD.many

)5.1fsaboutwalkfromthisshoptothenearestbusstop.

A.threeminutes5B.threeminute

C.threeminute'sD.threeminutes's

)6.Thedoctorwasveryhappy.Hemademistakesintheexam.

A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew

)7.Themeetingroomisnearthereadingroom.

A.teacherB.teacher?sC.teachers5D.teachers

)8.March8isDay.

A.WomanB.WomenC.Women'sD.Woman's

)9.Tomisgoingtosee.

A.oneofmyfather5sfriendsB.oneofmyfather5sfriend

C.oneofmyfather5friendsD.afriendofmyfather

)lO.Theoldmanwanted.

A.sevenboxesofpeachesB.sevenboxofpeaches

C.sevenboxesofpeachD.sevenbox'sofpeaches

)11.Theoldmanwanted.

A.Kate'sandMary'sB.Kate'sandMary

C.KateandMary'sD.KatesandMary

)12.1fsnotyourradio,but.

A.yoursisterB.yoursister'sC.yousister'sD.yourssister's

)13.Mum,Fmthirsty.Willyoupleasegivemesome?

A.pencilsB.cakeC.waterD.books

)14.Jackboughtainashoeshopyesterday.

A.pairofshoesB.pairofshoes

C.pairoftwoshoesD.pairofshoe

()15.-Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink,orcoffe?

-Coffee,please.

A.fruitB.teaC.meatD.bread

第二章冠詞

冠詞分為:1.定冠詞(the)

2.不定冠詞(a,an)

一、定冠詞(the)的用法:

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物;(冠詞的基本用法)

2.用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前;

3.用在某些形容詞前,表示某一類人;

4.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫婦倆”。

5.用來表示前面已提到過的人和事;

6.指雙方都知道的人和事;

7.世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物;

8.用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前;

9.用在序數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)的前面;

10.用在樂器前面(球類前不加);

11.在單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞前;

Ihaveabook.Thebookisinteresting.Iseeaboy.

TheboyisTony.Ilikeplayingthepiano.

12.用在某些固定的詞組中。如:

inthetree,onthetree,inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening,inthehat,

lookthesame,gotothecinema,gotothezoo,gototheclassroom

二、不定冠詞(a和an)的用法:

不定冠詞:不定冠詞表示“一個(gè)或一”。不定冠詞a用于輔音音素開頭的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,an

用于以元音音素開頭的單詞可數(shù)名詞前。泛指某一類人或事物。表示數(shù)量有“一”的意思,但

語氣沒有one強(qiáng)烈。

如:abook,apen,aboy,agirl,aworker,anarm,anapple,anorange,anhour,anegg

以字母U開頭的單詞,U的發(fā)音為/ju:/時(shí),前面要用冠詞a,發(fā)元音為音音素的單詞,前面要

用冠詞an。

如:ausefulbook(一本有用的書),auniversity(一所大學(xué)),anumbrella,anhour,anuglyboy,an

honestchild,anintetstingstory

三、不用冠詞的地方:

1.抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和單個(gè)構(gòu)成的專有名詞(國名、任命等)前一般不用冠詞。如:Chocolate

ismadeofcocoa.

2.表示月份、星期、季節(jié)的名詞前通常不用冠詞。如:Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek.

3.可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞表示一般意義,而不特指具體的人或事物時(shí),不與冠

詞連用。

如:Womenareusuallymorecarefulthanmen.Beefismoreexpensivethanpork.Horsesrun

muchfasterthansheep.

4.名詞前己有this,that,these,those,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞時(shí),不用冠

1司o

如:Myschoolisfarfromhere.

Whosearetheseclothes?Whatwillyoudothisweek?

5.表示球類、棋類、三餐、學(xué)科、語言的名詞前不用冠詞。

如:Footballisaverypopularsportintheworld.!likeplayingchess.HeisgoodatChineseand

English.

6.在表示節(jié)日的名詞前通常不用冠詞。如:TheChildren'sDayinonJunethefirst.ChineseNew

Yeariscomingsoon.

表示傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的名詞前需要加冠詞。如:TheSpringFestvalisthmostimportantfestvalin

China.

7.某些短語中不用冠詞。如:onfoot,byplane,bytrain,atnight,atnoon.

8.在有些名詞前加定冠詞和不定冠詞的意思不同。如:intheclass(在班上)inthebed(在

床里)inclass(在課堂上)

inbed(臣卜床)Thereisnoschooltomorrow.(明天我們不上學(xué))

Practice:(練習(xí)一)

一、用a,an或the填空:(不填的打x.)

1.Hello,Tomjefsgotoschool.OK,lefsgo.

2.Look,whatishedoing?Heiseatingapple.

3.Lookatuglygirl.SheisTom'ssister.

4.Thereiscatunderthetable.Thereisdogbehindthe

door.

5.oldmanismyfather.Heisdoctor.

6.Chinaisbigcountry.

7.USAisbigcountry,too.

8.Isawbird,butbirdisyellow.

9.Isawoldman.oldmanwasTom'grandpa.

10.1likeplayingpiano.Billylikesplayingfootball.

11.Thisislargestsupermarketinthecity.

12.Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek.

13.Thisispicture.

14.Canyouplayvolleyballwell?

15.ChongqingisthelargestcityinChina.

二、選擇填空:

()1.1wanttobehoneststudent.

A.aB.anC./D.the

()2.Thereisartroominyourschool.

A.aB.anC./D.the

()3.Thisis"fIt'sin"liffe”

A.aB.anC./D.the

()4.1sawoldmaninthestreet.

A.aB.anC./D.the

()5.BillyisEnglishteacher.Heisgoodteacher.

A.a,anB.an,aC.an,anD.the,a

()6.Lefsgooutforwalk.

A.aB.anC./D.the

)7.Theparkisveryfar,Itwilltakeushourtogetthere.

A.aB./C.anD.the

)8.MonkeyKingisfamousstory.Anditisinterestingstory.

A.the,theB.an,anC.an,aD.a,an

)9.sunisstar.It5sbrightandhuge.

A./,theB.an,anC.an,aD.a,an

)10.1knowoldman.Butoldmanisyourgrandpa.

A.an,anB.the,theC.an,theD.a,an

)11.Heusuallygoesoutforwalkinevening.

A.a,theB.a,/C.an,aD.an,the

)12.Chinaisoldcountrywithlonghistory.

A.the,aB.a,anC.an,aD.an,the

)13.WewaitedforTomhourandhalf.

A.an,aB.a,anC.a./D./,a

)14.KateisEnglishgirl.Shewasuniversitystudent.

)15.Brownsareveryfriendly.Theyusuallyhaveapartyon

Saturday.

A.The,/B./,/C.The,aD./,a

)16.TomisAmerican.HecomesfromUnitedStatesofAmerican.

A.an,the,/B.a,the,/C./,the,theD./,/,/

)17.Hisfatherisolddoctor.Heoftentellshimnottosmokeinpublic.

A.a,/B.an,/C.an,theD./,the

)18.olddoctoraskedhimtotakemedicinethreetimesday.

A.The,the,aB.A,/,aC./,/,/D.The,a,/

)19.Mancan'tlivewithoutairorwater.

A.an,aB.the,theC.an,/D./,/

)2O.Weallknowthatelephantiswater.

A.an,theB.an,aC.a,/D./,/

)21.Wesawstreetswerecoveredwithsnow.

A.the,/B./,theC.the,theD./,/

)22.TheyhaveEnglishtestonceweek.

A.an,anB.an,aC.a,aD./,/

)23.BeforeIgotobed,I'dliketohavecupoftea.

A.the,aB.a,aC./,/D./,a

)24.Tomlikesplayingviolin.Franklikesplayingfootball.

A.the,/B./,theC.the,theD./,/

)25.Hehasuglycat.Ifsblackandwhitecat.

A.a,aB.a,anC.an,aD.an,an

)26.Washyourhandsbeforesupper.

A./B.aC.anD.the

)27.Jackisn'tgoodatChinese.Buttodayhegot"A"

A.aB.anC.theD./

)28.What9sonfloor?Ifscamera.

A.a,aB.the,aC.the,theD.a,the

)29.teacheratthegateisEnglishteacher.

A.A,anB.The,aC.The,anD.An,the

)30.-Isbookonthedeskone?

-Yes,itis.

A.the,anB.the,aC.a,theD.the,the

第三章代詞

英語中的代詞可分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞等。

一、人稱代詞:

人稱代詞是指表示“你、我、他、她、它你們、我們、他們、它們”的代詞。人稱代詞還有

單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,見下表:

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

主格賓格主格賓格

第一人稱ImeweUS

第二人稱youyouyouyou

第三人稱hehimtheythem

sheher

itit

人稱代詞的主格做主語,人稱代詞的賓格作賓語。

如:Heworksinthefactory.Iworkonthefarm.Helikesher.Welovethem.

Practice:(練習(xí)一)

一、用人稱代詞的主格和賓格填空。

1.Ihaveacat.isveryfatandpretty.

2.Mylittlebrotherisverynaughty,Ioftentellastory.

3.Thisismysister.hastwobigeyes.

4.Lookatthechildren.Canyouhearsinging?

5.Yourfeetaredirty.Pleaseputonthefloor.

6.Thereismuchrubbishonthefloor.Pleasepickup.

7.Peterwasill.Hisfathertooktothehospital.

8.Sueislovely.Ilikeverymuch.Shealsolikes,too.

9.Thesearemyglasses.areveryexpensive.

10.TomandLucyarenotmychildren.ButIlike.

二、物主代詞:

物主代詞是表示“你的,我的,他的,她的,它的,你們的,我們的,他們的,它們的”

的代詞。

物主代詞分為:形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。

見下表:

人稱形容詞性物主代詞+名詞名詞性物主代詞+不加?xùn)|西

單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

第一人myourMineours

第二人youryourYoursyours

第三人histheirHistheirs

稱herhers

itsits

Practice:(練習(xí)二)

一、用物主代詞及所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

?Thisismybluebike.Thebluebikeis.

?ThatisSue'sgreendress.Thegreendressis.

?ThisisTom'sjacket,It's.

?Thatisourclassroom.Ifs.

?Thisistheircomputer.It?s.

?Thisisamonkey.tailislong.

?Thisisyourcoat.Thiscoatis.

?TheseareKenandKate'sfather'sclothes.Thesecoats

?Mikewastired,sohewenttobedroomandbadasleep.

?Thechildrenarecleaningclassroom.

?ButIdonotlike(Sue)house,1like(Lucy).

?Shesawthestampandsaid/Thafs(I).

?Thisis(JimandCandy)room.

?When's(Kate5sfather)birthday?It'sinDecember.

?Doesanyonewanttoplaythegamewith(I)

二、選擇填空。

()1、Hisbrotheristallerthan________________.

A.heB.herC.himD.she

()2、Thegirloverthereismysister.______________isadoctor..

A.SheB.HeC.HerD.His

()3、____________liveinShenzhen.

A.HeB.WeC.OurD.Her

()4、Thisisanelephant._____________noseisverylong.

A.It'sB.HisC.TheirD.It's

()5、—Isthisyourrobot?―No,it'snot______________.It's_______________.

A.His,TomB.my,herC.mine,Tom'sD.His,my

()6、____________bedroomismuchbiggerthan_______________.

A.His,myB.Hers,usC.Our,herD.My,yours

()7、Todayis___________________birthday.

A.Annfather9sB.Ann'sfather'sC.Ann^fatherD.Annfather

()8、MissWangteaches_________English.Welike____________classverymuch.

A.our,herB.we,hisC.ours,hisD.us,her

()9、bookismoreexpensivethan.

A.My,herB.Your,hersC.His,herD.Your,hers

()10>Theyareparents.

A.theirsB.LucyandLily?sC.mineD.Lucy'sandLily'

反身代詞是指表示“我自己,你自己,他/她/它自己,我們自己,你們自己,他們/她們/它

們自己”等的代詞。

見下表:

人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

第一人稱myselfourselves

第二人稱yourselfyourselves

第三人稱himselfherselfitselfthemselves

Practice:(練習(xí)三)

一、用反身代詞填空。

1.Ioftenfinishmyhomeworkby.

2.Theycleantheirclassroomby.

3.Samwashedhisclothesby.

4.Doyouoftenworkatcomputerby.

5.Marydoesn,tdoherhomeworkby.

6.Therobotboughtsomevegetablesby.

7.KenandCarlareworkingby.

8.YouandIarecleaningthehouseby.

9.Heandyoucangohomeby.

10.Sheandhemustfinishtheworkbeforesupperby.

四、指示代詞:

指示代詞是指表示“這個(gè)this,那個(gè)that,這些these,那些those”的代詞。

l.it的用法:

打電話時(shí),

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