升高二暑假專題13必修二U2WildlifeProtection溫故知新練2024年暑假英語升高二銜接學(xué)案

【夏日FUN學(xué)】2024年暑假英語升高二銜接學(xué)案專題13：必修二U2WildlifeProtection溫故知新練（解析版）一、翻譯漢譯英1．a(chǎn)dj.令人驚喜的→v.使人驚訝/驚喜→n.驚訝，驚喜2．a(chǎn)dv.幸運(yùn)地；幸虧→n.幸運(yùn)；好運(yùn)；財(cái)富3．a(chǎn)dj.憂慮的，擔(dān)心的→n.焦慮，不安4．vt.讓（某人）擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到n.擔(dān)心；關(guān)心；憂慮→adj.關(guān)心的；擔(dān)憂的→prep.關(guān)于；涉及5．a(chǎn)dj.寬宏大量的；仁慈的；慷慨的→n.慷慨；大方6．n.優(yōu)勢(shì)；益處；成效；vt.使受益；vi.得益于→adj.有利的;有用的7．a(chǎn)dj.精力充沛的，充滿活力的→n.能量；精力8．v.增加，添加→n.增加，添加；加法→adv.此外9．a(chǎn)dj.創(chuàng)造性的；有創(chuàng)造力的；有創(chuàng)意的→vt.創(chuàng)造→n.作品；創(chuàng)造10．n．喪失；損失→vt.丟失→adj.迷路的；失去的【答案】1．a(chǎn)mazingamazeamazement2．fortunatelyfortune3．a(chǎn)nxiousanxiety4．concernconcernedconcerning5．generousgenerosity6．benefitbeneficial7．energeticenergy8．a(chǎn)ddadditioninaddition9．creativecreatecreation10．lossloselost二、根據(jù)首字母拼寫單詞11．Generallyspeaking,mostpeoplewalkatanaveragerof5kilometresanhour.【答案】rate/ate【詳解】考查名詞。句意：一般來說，大多數(shù)人平均每小時(shí)步行5公里。根據(jù)“anaverage”可知，空處需填名詞單數(shù)，結(jié)合句意可知，每小時(shí)5公里是大多數(shù)人的步行速度，rate作名詞，表示“速度”，符合句意。故填rate。12．Inthelast500years,over300speciesofanimalshavegonee.【答案】extinct/xtinct【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在過去的500年里，超過300種動(dòng)物已經(jīng)滅絕。根據(jù)首字母以及“over300speciesofanimals”可知，空處需要形容詞extinct“滅絕的”，在句中作表語。故填extinct。13．Heisalwayswearingacexpressionontheface,forhispanyisstrugglingagainstfinancialproblems.【答案】concerned/oncerned【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他臉上總是帶著憂慮的表情，因?yàn)樗墓鞠萑胴?cái)務(wù)危機(jī)。根據(jù)句意和首字母可知，空處填形容詞concerned“擔(dān)心的，憂慮的”作定語，表示人的主觀感受，修飾名詞expression。故填concerned。14．Itrmeofbluecheese,asimilarlystrongsmellingtypeoffoodyoueitherloveorhate.【答案】reminded/eminded/reminds/eminds【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：它讓我想起藍(lán)紋奶酪，一種同樣氣味濃烈的食物，你要么喜歡它，要么討厭它。根據(jù)“meofbluecheese”和首字母提示可推知，空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞remind，意為“使想起”，固定短語remindsb.ofsth.意為“使某人想起某物”，句子可看作是敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時(shí)，也可以理解為是介紹當(dāng)前的情況，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語是It，謂語動(dòng)詞需用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填reminded/reminds。15．Peopletendtoconnectfactorieswithpicturesofcloudsofdirtysmokeandirresponsiblebusinessmeneagertomakehugep.【答案】profits/rofits【詳解】考查名詞。句意：人們往往把工廠與骯臟的煙霧和渴望暴利的不負(fù)責(zé)任的商人聯(lián)系在一起?？涨笆切稳菰~，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作賓語，根據(jù)句意和所給首字母，應(yīng)是profit意為“利潤(rùn)”時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)huge可知，用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填profits。16．Theprofessorwassenttothelocalhospitalbecausehehadahearta.【答案】attack/ttack【詳解】考查名詞。句意：這位教授被送往當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院，因?yàn)樗呐K病發(fā)作。根據(jù)首字母提示可知，空處需要名詞attack“（病、蟲等的）損害，傷害”。heartattack意為“心臟病發(fā)作”。故填attack。17．Manyeffectivemhavebeentakentokeepthebalanceofnature.【答案】measures/easures【詳解】考查名詞。句意：已經(jīng)采取了許多有效措施來保持自然界的平衡。根據(jù)句意以及首字母提示可知，采取了很多的措施來保持自然界的平衡。measure為可數(shù)名詞“措施”，在句中作主語。根據(jù)空前的Many可知，空處需要該名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填measures。18．Dtoyourtimelyhelp,Ipletedmytaskaheadoftime.【答案】Due/ue【詳解】考查介詞短語。句意：由于你的及時(shí)幫助，我提前完成了任務(wù)。空處與to搭配，結(jié)合句意，表示“由于”用dueto，放在句首，首字母大寫。故填Due。19．Theaofthethreenumbers7,12and20is13,becausethetotalof7,12and20is39,and39dividedby3is13.【答案】average/verage【詳解】考查名詞。句意：7、12、20這三個(gè)數(shù)字的平均值是13，因?yàn)?、12、20的總和是39，而39除以3等于13。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為名詞作主語，根據(jù)句意和提示的首字母可知，此處應(yīng)為average意為“平均數(shù)”，根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞is以及句意可知，此處為名詞單數(shù)。故填average。20．Thepanyistryinghardtodevelopdrugsthatareeagainstcancer.【答案】effective/ffective【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：該公司正在努力開發(fā)對(duì)癌癥有效的藥物。根據(jù)單詞首字母以及句子意思的需要，應(yīng)填形容詞effective(有效的)作表語，故填effective。三、完成句子21．為了弄清楚如何解決這個(gè)難題，沒有什么比向這位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的專家尋求建議更有效了。solvetheproblem,seekingadvicefromthisexperiencedexpert.【答案】Inordertofigureouthowtothereisnothingmoreeffectivethan【詳解】考查介詞短語，動(dòng)詞短語、therebe句型以及形容詞比較級(jí)。此句陳述目前事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；中英文比較可知，第一空需翻譯部分是“為了弄清楚如何”，“為了”用介詞短語inorderto，“弄清楚”用動(dòng)詞短語figureout，“如何”用特殊疑問詞how，“如何解決這個(gè)難題”用“特殊疑問詞+不定式”作“弄清楚”賓語，第一空填inordertofigureouthowto，句首單詞首字母大寫；第二空需翻譯“沒有什么比……更有效了”，“比……更有效”表達(dá)為形容詞比較級(jí)moreeffectivethan，“沒有什么”用therebe句型表達(dá)為thereisnothing，“沒有什么比……更有效了”譯為“thereisnothingmoreeffectivethan”。故填：①Inordertofigureouthowto；②thereisnothingmoreeffectivethan。22．shehadgone,Irememberedhername.她剛走開我就想起了她的名字。【答案】Immediately【詳解】考查時(shí)間狀語從句。表示“一……就，剛……就”可用immediately，作連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。句首單詞首字母大寫，故填I(lǐng)mmediately。23．Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearthbeingwashedawayeachyear.由于更多的森林被毀，每年有大量的沃土被沖走?！敬鸢浮縜re【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語earth和謂語動(dòng)詞washaway是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合beingwashedaway，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（am/is/arebeingdone），主語earth有hugequantitiesof修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞和quantities保持一致，使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填are。24．當(dāng)局正面臨修建大象公園和告訴人們不要購(gòu)買大象產(chǎn)品的壓力之下。Theauthoritiestobuildelephantparksandtellpeoplenottobuyelephantproducts.【答案】areunderpressure【詳解】考查介詞短語。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，本句話為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，句子描述一般事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。主語為復(fù)數(shù)，所以be動(dòng)詞用are?！霸趬毫χ隆笨捎媒樵~短語“underpressure”，為介詞短語作表語。故填①are②under③pressure。25．我希望你們能去盧浮宮親自感受一下這些偉大藝術(shù)品的力與美。IhopeyoucanvisittheLouvreonedaytofeelofthesegreatforyourselves.【答案】thebeautyandpowerworksofart/artworks【詳解】考查名詞。表示“力與美”應(yīng)用名詞短語thebeautyandpower作賓語，表示“藝術(shù)品”應(yīng)用名詞短語worksofart或artworks作賓語。故填①thebeautyandpower②worksofart/artworks。26．Ontheplaininfrontofus,wecanjustaherdofanimals.放眼平原，我們隱約看到一群體形優(yōu)美的動(dòng)物?！敬鸢浮縨akeoutgraceful【詳解】考查固定短語和形容詞。對(duì)比中英文句子可知，前兩空意為“隱約看到”，第三空意為“體形優(yōu)美的”，“隱約看到”是固定短語makeout，can是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形，因此make用原形；第三空處用形容詞作定語，修飾名詞animals，“體形優(yōu)美的”的形容詞是graceful，故填make，out，graceful。27．They,illegally,fortheirvaluablefur.因其珍貴的羊毛，它們正遭受非法獵殺。【答案】arebeinghunted【詳解】考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。根據(jù)中文提示“正在遭受捕殺”可知，這里應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，形式為am/is/arebeingdone，捕殺的英文是hunt，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故答案填①are②being③hunted。28．她堅(jiān)持每天平均跑15英里左右，不論什么天氣。Sherunsabout15milesadayeveryday,whateverweatheritis.【答案】onaverage【詳解】考查介詞短語。表示“平均”應(yīng)用介詞短語onaverage。故填①on②average。29．通過比賽，她認(rèn)識(shí)到只有努力才能成功。Throughthecontest,sherealizedthat.【答案】onlybyworkinghardcanwemakeit【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語、非謂語動(dòng)詞和部分倒裝。對(duì)比中英文可知，空處表示“只有努力才能成功”，可用固定搭配onlyby表示“只有通過”，動(dòng)名詞短語workinghard表示“努力”，代詞we表示隱含的主語“我們”，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can表示“能”，動(dòng)詞短語makeit表示“成功”，make因位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后應(yīng)保持原形，且“only+介詞短語”位于句首，句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can應(yīng)置于主語we之前。故填onlybyworkinghardcanwemakeit。30．為了提高英語水平，她決定參加學(xué)校的英語演講比賽。,shewasdeterminedtotakepartinEnglishspeechcontestsatschool.【答案】WiththeintentionofimprovingherEnglish【詳解】考查介詞短語、動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞。對(duì)比中英文可知，空處表示“為了提高英語水平”，可用介詞短語withtheintentionof表示“為了”，動(dòng)詞短語improveherEnglish表示“提高（她的）英語水平”，動(dòng)詞improve位于介詞of之后，需用動(dòng)名詞形式，且空處位于句首，with的首字母需大寫。故填WiththeintentionofimprovingherEnglish。四、閱讀理解AENJOYTHEOUTDOORS

AdventureCampatOhioDreamsistheperfectwaytoenjoytraditionalsummercamp.Camperswillbeabletolearnaboutmultiplesportsandoutdooradventures.Weprovidetheequipment(設(shè)備)andtheschedulesoyoucanstartfromscratchandlearnfromthebest,andeventhenewerwhomaylackexperiencecanmakeupforitwiththespiritforadventure.

Athletics,Creativity,Science,KnowledgeandSocialSkillsarethebackboneofourcamp.Weofferawidevarietyofactivitiesforcampersthatarefullofenergyandcuriosity.

?LearnSkateboarding:Learnthebasicsofskatingfrombalancing,droppinginandevenafewtricks.

?LearnMountainBiking:TryoneofourmountainbikesandtakeafewlapsonourfivemiletrackacrossthecountrysideorlearnthebasicsofjumpingonourFreeridecourses.

?Hiking:Packasnackandhiketobeautifulwaterfallsandcaveswhilelearninghowtoidentifyplantspeciesandmanydifferentwildlifeanimals.

?BeachVolleyball:Everybodyshouldknowhowtojumpinagameofpickupvolleyballatthebeach.Learnaboutwheretobeandhowtopass,set,andhittheballtowin.

?SwimmingLessons:Ifyouaren’tthebestatswimming,thisweeklongprogramwillhelpyoutofindyoursealegs(andarms)soyouwillhavemoreconfidencewhenswimming.

Clickherefordeals,newsandearlyregistrationdiscounts.31．WhatisanadvantageofAdventureCamp?A．Ithasthebestequipment. B．Itissuitablefortheinexperienced.C．Itoffersbothindoorandoutdooractivities. D．ItisthefirsttraditionalsummercampinOhio32．WhichofthefollowingisincludedinAdventureCamp?A．Overingthefearofswimming. B．Collectingplantsspeciesintheopenair.C．Learningvolleyballinprofessionalstadiums. D．Ridingmountainbikestowaterfallsandcaves.33．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atravelbrochure.B．Anewsreport.C．Abookreview. D．Anonlinewebsite.【答案】31．B32．A33．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹俄亥俄州夢(mèng)想冒險(xiǎn)營(yíng)為露營(yíng)者提供各種各樣的活動(dòng)。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“AdventureCampatOhioDreamsistheperfectwaytoenjoytraditionalsummercamp.Camperswillbeabletolearnaboutmultiplesportsandoutdooradventures.Weprovidetheequipment(設(shè)備)andtheschedulesoyoucanstartfromscratchandlearnfromthebest,andeventhenewerwhomaylackexperiencecanmakeupforitwiththespiritforadventure.。(俄亥俄州夢(mèng)想冒險(xiǎn)營(yíng)是享受傳統(tǒng)夏令營(yíng)的完美方式。露營(yíng)者將能夠了解多種運(yùn)動(dòng)和戶外冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)。我們提供設(shè)備和時(shí)間表，讓您可以從頭開始，向最好的人學(xué)習(xí)，即使是缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)的新人也可以用冒險(xiǎn)的精神來彌補(bǔ))”可知，探險(xiǎn)營(yíng)適合沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人。故選B項(xiàng)。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章SwimmingLessons中“Ifyouaren’tthebestatswimming,thisweeklongprogramwillhelpyoutofindyoursealegs(andarms)soyouwillhavemoreconfidencewhenswimming.(如果你不是最擅長(zhǎng)游泳的，這個(gè)為期一周的項(xiàng)目將幫助你習(xí)慣船上生活，這樣你在游泳時(shí)會(huì)更有信心。)”可知，探險(xiǎn)營(yíng)可以幫助克服對(duì)游泳的恐懼。故選A項(xiàng)。33．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Clickherefordeals,newsandearlyregistrationdiscounts.(點(diǎn)擊此處獲取優(yōu)惠、新聞和提前注冊(cè)折扣。)”可知，這篇文章應(yīng)來自于網(wǎng)絡(luò)。故選D項(xiàng)。BWhenyoung,myparentstookmetoazoo.Irememberlookinginadmirationattwobearsinacage.Thingshavechanged.Mykidswouldbeafraidtoseeanimalsincages.Today,weexpectanimalstobeheldinmorenaturalenvironment,andforzoostodomoretomaketheworldabetterplace.Zooscanhostgreatconservation(保護(hù))work.Sometimestheyholdandprotectendangeredanimals.About40seriouslyendangeredanimalspeciesexistmainlyinzoos.Theyareusedforstudy,tostartreproducing(繁殖)programsandeventoreintroducetheanimalstothewild.Butnotmanyzoosdoenoughofthis.Isupporttheremendationofsomeresearchersthatzoosshouldspendatleast10%oftheirmoneyonbiodiversity(生物多樣性)conservation.Sadly,a1999studyshowedanaveragespendingofonly0.1%.Ifzoostotallyconcentrateonprotection,wemightexpectthemtomostlyhousethreatenedspecies.Butmanyzoosfocusonthebiganimalsthatdrawaudiencestomakemoney.Isaythat’sinappropriate(不合適的).Idon’tmeanzoosshouldn’tbeabusiness.Sincecareofanimalscanbeextremelyexpensive,it’sreasonableforzoostoopentheirdoorstoearnsomemoney,aslongasanimalsarekeptinacceptableconditions.Visitinganimalsinreallifehelpsdevelopanappreciationforthenaturalworld.Virtualreality(VR)glassesandmoviesaboutwildlifeareworthwhile,butnotthesame.AfriendofminewhoworksintheAmazonputsitthisway:“Tolovetheforest,youneedtosmelltheforest.”Conservationshouldefirstforallzoos,togetherwitheducationandresearch.Withoutthat,azoobeesjustabusiness:onethattheworldwouldbebetteroffwithout.34．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenseeingtwobearsinacageinhischildhood?A．Hewasscaredofthescene. B．Hefeltworriedabouthissafety.C．Hefeltsadaboutthecagedbears. D．Hewasamazedbythewonderofanimals.35．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A．Protectingendangeredanimalsproperly.B．Keepinganimalsinmorenaturalconditions.C．Holdingnonthreatenedspeciesinmuchgreaternumbers.D．Spendingpartoftheirmoneyonbiodiversityconservation.36．Whatdoestheauthor’sfriendimplyinhiswords?A．VRhelpszoostomakemoney. B．Animalsshouldliveinthewild.C．VRenablesviewerstoknowmoreaboutwildlife.D．Visitinganimalsinreallifeisanecessaryexperience.37．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Zoosneedtobechanged. B．Zoosshouldbenotallowed.C．Zoosshouldn’tbeabusiness. D．Animalsshouldn’tbekeptinzoos.【答案】34．D35．A36．D37．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。動(dòng)物園需要做出改變，不僅要?jiǎng)?chuàng)收也要致力于動(dòng)物保護(hù)工作。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Irememberlookinginadmirationattwobearsinacage.(我記得我贊嘆地看著籠子里的兩只熊)”可知，作者看到被關(guān)在籠子里的兩只熊時(shí)表現(xiàn)出了驚訝。故選D。35．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Zooscanhostgreatconservation(保護(hù))work.Sometimestheyholdandprotectendangeredanimals.(動(dòng)物園可以進(jìn)行大量的保護(hù)工作。有時(shí)他們會(huì)保護(hù)瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物)”以及“Isupporttheremendationofsomeresearchersthatzoosshouldspendatleast10%oftheirmoneyonbiodiversity(生物多樣性)conservation.Sadly,a1999studyshowedanaveragespendingofonly0.1%.(我支持一些研究人員的建議，即動(dòng)物園應(yīng)該將至少10%的資金用于生物多樣性保護(hù)。遺憾的是，1999年的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，平均支出僅為0.1%)”可知，動(dòng)物園會(huì)保護(hù)動(dòng)物，但是做得還不夠。故this指的是在合理保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物方面，動(dòng)物園做得不夠。故選A。36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Virtualreality(VR)glassesandmoviesaboutwildlifeareworthwhile,butnotthesame.AfriendofminewhoworksintheAmazonputsitthisway:“Tolovetheforest,youneedtosmelltheforest.”(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)眼鏡和關(guān)于野生動(dòng)物的電影是值得的，但不是一回事。我的一個(gè)在亞馬遜工作的朋友是這樣說的：“要愛森林，你需要聞到森林的味道?！?”可推知，作者朋友的話表示身臨其境去觀看在大自然中生活的動(dòng)物是有必要的。故選D。37．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Conservationshouldefirstforallzoos,togetherwitheducationandresearch.Withoutthat,azoobeesjustabusiness:onethattheworldwouldbebetteroffwithout.(所有動(dòng)物園都應(yīng)該把保護(hù)放在首位，同時(shí)還要進(jìn)行教育和研究。如果沒有這些，動(dòng)物園就會(huì)變成一種商業(yè)：沒有這種商業(yè)，世界會(huì)變得更好)”以及通讀全文可知，作者呼吁動(dòng)物園做出改變，把動(dòng)物保護(hù)放在首位并輔以教育和科研。A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物園需要做出改變”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CBloodmaybethickerthanwaterwhenitestohumanrelationshipsanditseemsthatthesameistrueofjackdaws(寒鴉)afterscientistsfoundtheyreadilychangefriendstogainfoodbutstickwithfamilyevenattheriskofgoinghungry.AlexThornton,aprofessorofleaningabilitydevelopment,said,“Wekepttrackofhundredsofwildjackdaws,eachofwhichwasequippedwithasmallchip.InthisexperimentwedividedjackdawsintotwogroupsAorBandprogrammedapairofputercontrolleddevices(裝置)toprovideworms.Onlyifindividualsfromthesamegroup(AAorBB)visitedtogether,willtheygettheworms.”IfbirdsfromdifferentgroupsarrivedtogetherAwithBthefeederswouldremainclosed.Singlebirdswouldgetseeds(種子),butnotthewormsthattheypreferred.Thorntonsaid,“Wewantedtofindoutifjackdawscouldbuildnewrelationswithnewpartners.Theymighthavefriendsinthewronggroup.Dojackdawsleavethemandstarttohangoutwithindividualswhoareintherightgroup?Thejackdawsturnedouttobeverysmart,quicklylearningtogiveupfriendsfromthewronggrouptogetthebestfood.However,theyacteddifferentlywhenitcametotheircloserelationseveniftheygotnothing.”Thorntonsaidjackdawswereanexcellentsubjectmatterastheywerecleverandhadenergeticsocialnetworks.“You’vegotindividualsingandgoingfarbeyondtheirstrongrelationships,andtheyhavelotsofotherpany.Theyaresimilartohumansociety.”MichaelKings,oftheUniversityofExeter,said,“Theseresultshelpourunderstandingofthedevelopmentofintelligenceastheyshowthatbeingabletotrackandrememberinformationaboutsocialpartnerscanbringthemgood.”38．Whichofthefollowingdojackdawsvaluemostaccordingtotheexperiment?A．Theirfamily. B．Theirfriends.C．Stayingawayfromrisks. D．Avoidinggoinghungry.39．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthejackdawsintheexperiment?A．Jackdawsfromdifferentgroupsgotseeds. B．Jackdawsontheirowngottheworms.C．Jackdawswiththeirfamilygotnothing. D．Jackdawsfromthesamegroupgotworms40．Howdidthescientistscarryoutthesearch?A．Bymakingjackdawsbehavelikehumanswithchips.B．Bytrackingthebehaviorofwildjackdawswhenfindingfood.C．Bysurveyinghowthetwogroupsofjackdawsgettingalong.D．Byparingdifferentbehaviorsbetweenhumansandjackdaws.41．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Toexplainthesignificanceoftheresearch. B．Toprovidepossiblereasonsfortheresults.C．Tosuggestapplicationoftheresearchfindings. D．Topointoutthepossibleproblemintheresearch.【答案】38．A39．D40．B41．A【導(dǎo)語】本文屬于說明文。文章通過介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于寒鴉社交行為的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，探討了寒鴉如何根據(jù)社交關(guān)系調(diào)整自己的行為，以及這背后的認(rèn)知能力和進(jìn)化意義。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Bloodmaybethickerthanwaterwhenitestohumanrelationshipsanditseemsthatthesameistrueofjackdaws(寒鴉)afterscientistsfoundtheyreadilychangefriendstogainfoodbutstickwithfamilyevenattheriskofgoinghungry.(在人際關(guān)系中，血濃于水，寒鴉似乎也是如此。科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們?yōu)榱双@得食物，很容易換朋友，但即使冒著挨餓的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，也會(huì)堅(jiān)持與家人在一起)”可知，對(duì)寒鴉來說最重要的是它們的家庭。故選A。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“AlexThornton,aprofessorofleaningabilitydevelopment,said,“Wekepttrackofhundredsofwildjackdaws,eachofwhichwasequippedwithasmallchip.InthisexperimentwedividedjackdawsintotwogroupsAorBandprogrammedapairofputercontrolleddevices(裝置)toprovideworms.Onlyifindividualsfromthesamegroup(AAorBB)visitedtogether,willtheygettheworms.”(學(xué)習(xí)能力發(fā)展教授亞歷克斯·桑頓說：“我們跟蹤了數(shù)百只野生寒鴉，每只寒鴉都配備了一個(gè)小芯片。在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我們將寒鴉分為a組和b組，并編寫了一對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)控制的設(shè)備來提供蠕蟲。只有來自同一團(tuán)體(AA或BB)的個(gè)體一起訪問時(shí)，他們才會(huì)感染蠕蟲?！?”可知，來自同一組的寒鴉得到了蟲子。故選D。40．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Wekepttrackofhundredsofwildjackdaws,eachofwhichwasequippedwithasmallchip.InthisexperimentwedividedjackdawsintotwogroupsAorBandprogrammedapairofputercontrolleddevices(裝置)toprovideworms.Onlyifindividualsfromthesamegroup(AAorBB)visitedtogether,willtheygettheworms.(我們跟蹤了數(shù)百只野生寒鴉，每只寒鴉都配備了一個(gè)小芯片。在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我們將寒鴉分為a組和b組，并編寫了一對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)控制的設(shè)備來提供蠕蟲。只有來自同一團(tuán)體(AA或BB)的個(gè)體一起訪問時(shí)，他們才會(huì)感染蠕蟲)”可知科學(xué)家們通過裝置跟蹤，且觀察它們?cè)讷@取食物時(shí)的表現(xiàn)，故選B。41．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theseresultshelpourunderstandingofthedevelopmentofintelligenceastheyshowthatbeingabletotrackandrememberinformationaboutsocialpartnerscanbringthemgood.(這些結(jié)果有助于我們理解智力的發(fā)展，因?yàn)樗鼈儽砻?，能夠跟蹤和記住社?huì)伙伴的信息對(duì)他們有好處)”可知，該段的目的是解釋研究的意義。故選A。DBesidesbeingalovelyandimportantpartofmarineecosystems,babysealsmighthaveanunusualability.Theycanchangethepitch(音高)oftheirvoicestobebetterunderstood,likehumansdo,anewstudyfound.Apersonoranimalusingthisskillisbeingwhat’scalled“vocallyplastic”,oradjustingtheirvocal(聲音的)signalsinresponsetoenvironmentalchangesthatoverlaporcoveruptheirvoices,accordingtothestudypublishedMondayinthejournalPhilosophicalTransactionsofTheRoyalSociety.Theresearchershadanumberofreasonsforwantingtotestthevocalchangesofbabyharborseals.Therareabilitytocopynewsounds—vocallearning—hadbeenseenpreviouslyamongadultharborsealsandafewothermammalspecies(哺乳動(dòng)物),accordingtotheauthors.Andveryfewmammalshavetheabilitytochangetheirvocalpitchtosoundhigherorlower,whichisimportantforhumanmunication.“Bylookingatoneofthefewothermammalswhomaybecapableoflearningsounds,wecanbetterunderstandhowwe,humans,acquirespeech,andfinallywhywearesuchchattyanimals,”saidAndreaRavignani.Asthesealsheardaspeakerplaya45minuterecordingconsistingofhighnoise,lownoiseornoplaybackoverseveraldays,theynaturallycalledout.Whenthebabysealsheardlouderseanoises,theyloweredtheirvocalpitch.Duringmoreintensenoiselevels,thepupsusedasteadierpitch—andonesealraiseditsvoice.Thisbehavior,calledtheLombardEffect,istypicalforhumanspeechwhenpeopletalkloudertobemoreunderstandable,theauthorssaid.“Thefindingsshowedthatsealpupshaveamoreadvancedcontrolovertheirvocalisationsthanassumedupuntilnow,”Ravignanisaidinastatement.“Thiscontrolseemstobealreadypresentatonlyafewweeksofage.Thisisastonishing,asfewothermammalsseemcapableofthat.”42．Whatdoesparagraph1tellusaboutbabyseals?A．Theyarecutebutrare. B．Theycanchangevocalpitch.C．Theycanunderstandhumanwords. D．Theycanbeharmedbyenvironmentalchanges.43．Whatistheresearchers’mainreasonforstudyingbabyseals?A．Tobetterunderstandadultharborseals. B．Toshowtheirrareabilityofvocallearning.C．Toknowmoreabouthumanmunication. D．Tofindouthowtoprotectthemfromextinction.44．WhatdoesRavignaniintendtoexpressinthelastparagraph?A．Babysealscancontroltheirvocalisationswhenborn.B．Babyseals’vocalabilityisoutofscientists’expectation.C．Scientistshavelongunderstoodthevocalabilityofbabyseals.D．Manyotherbabymammalsarebetteratvocalisationsthanbabyseals.45．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Asurprisingfactaboutbabyseals B．BabysealsarecuterthanassumedC．Harborsealsareindangerofextinction D．Theamazingsurvivalabilityofbabyseals【答案】42．B43．C44．B45．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了小海豹擁有調(diào)整聲音音高的能力，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于理解人類語言習(xí)得有重要啟示。42．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Besidesbeingalovelyandimportantpartofmarineecosystems,babysealsmighthaveanunusualability.Theycanchangethepitch(音高)oftheirvoicestobebetterunderstood,likehumansdo,anewstudyfound.(除了是海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中可愛而重要的一部分外，海豹寶寶可能還有一種不同尋常的能力。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們可以像人類一樣改變聲音的音高，以更好地被理解)”可知，第一段主要告訴我們小海豹能夠調(diào)整它們的聲音音高以更好地被理解。故選B。43．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Andveryfewmammalshavetheabilitytochangetheirvocalpitchtosoundhigherorlower,whichisimportantforhumanmunication.“Bylookingatoneofthefewothermammalswhomaybecapableoflearningsounds,wecanbetterunderstandhowwe,humans,acquirespeech,andfinallywhywearesuchchattyanimals,”saidAndreaRavignani.(很少有哺乳動(dòng)物能夠改變音高，使其聽起來更高或更低，這對(duì)人類交流很重要。AndreaRavignani說：“通過觀察其他少數(shù)能夠?qū)W習(xí)聲音的哺乳動(dòng)物之一，我們可以更好地了解我們?nèi)祟愂侨绾潍@得語言的，以及為什么我們是如此健談的動(dòng)物?！?”可知，研究人員研究小海豹的主要原因是想通過了解這種可能同樣具備聲音學(xué)習(xí)能力的哺乳動(dòng)物，從而更好地理解人類如何習(xí)得語言，以及為何人類如此善于交流。故選C。44．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Thefindingsshowedthatsealpupshaveamoreadvancedcontrolovertheirvocalisationsthanassumedupuntilnow,”Ravignanisaidinastatement.“Thiscontrolseemstobealreadypresentatonlyafewweeksofage.Thisisastonishing,asfewothermammalsseemcapableofthat.”(Ravignani在一份聲明中說：“研究結(jié)果表明，海豹幼崽對(duì)發(fā)聲的控制比迄今為止想象的要先進(jìn)?！??！斑@種控制似乎在幾周大的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)存在了。這令人驚訝，因?yàn)樗坪鹾苌儆衅渌溉閯?dòng)物能夠做到這一點(diǎn)?！?”可知，最后一段中Ravignani表示，小海豹對(duì)它們的聲音有著比之前假設(shè)更為高級(jí)的控制能力，這令人驚訝，因?yàn)楹苌儆衅渌溉閯?dòng)物能夠做到這一點(diǎn)。所以，Ravignani想要表達(dá)的是海豹寶寶的發(fā)聲能力出乎科學(xué)家們的意料。故選B。45．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“Besidesbeingalovelyandimportantpartofmarineecosystems,babysealsmighthaveanunusualability.Theycanchangethepitch(音高)oftheirvoicestobebetterunderstood,likehumansdo,anewstudyfound.(除了是海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中可愛而重要的一部分外，海豹寶寶可能還有一種不同尋常的能力。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，它們可以像人類一樣改變聲音的音高，以更好地被理解)”以及全文可知，文章主要揭示了一個(gè)關(guān)于小海豹的令人驚訝的事實(shí)——它們能夠改變聲音的音高來適應(yīng)環(huán)境，這在哺乳動(dòng)物中是罕見的能力。所以“關(guān)于海豹寶寶的一個(gè)令人驚訝的事實(shí)”適合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選A。七選五4ReasonsWhyWildAnimalsAreSoImportantAsweknow,theearthgivesusfood,medicinesandmaterials,oftenthroughwildanimals.Thesewildanimalsareimportanttoourexistence.Sadly,theyarebeingextinctatanalarmingrate.Weneedtochangethislossofnatureandcreateafuturewherewildlifeandpeoplethrive(蓬勃發(fā)展)again.46Herearesomereasonswhywildanimalsaresoimportanttotheworldatlarge.Wildanimalskeepbalanceinecosystems.47Ifanypartisthreatenedorbeesextinct,thishasaknockoneffectonthewholeecosystem.sendingshockwavesthroughtheenvironment.Forecosystemstosurviveandperhapseventhrive,wemustprotectallofourwildlife.Diversity(多樣性)meanshealthierecosystemsandhealthierwildanimals.Whenthereisawildlifeissue,you’lloftenhearthetermbiodiversity,whichreferstothenumberofspeciesinanecosystem.48Whydoweconsiderthisimportant?Awidevarietyofanimalsmeansgreaterproductivityandbetterhealth.Iftherearefeweranimalspecies,adiseasethataffectsanyspeciesspreadsfasterandmoreeffectively.49Allofthefoodthatweeatesfromananimalorplant.Livingwithoutvariousfoodsourcescausesournutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))tosuffer.Protectingwildlifeanditsnaturalhabitatsstrengthensfoodsafetyforhumansaroundtheworld.Wildlifehelpsmedicalresearch.Wildanimalshavehelpedusfindimportantmedicinesthathelpwithmanydiseases.50ManymedicalsystemslikeChinesetraditionalmedicinesstillrelyonherbsandspices,butevenWesternmedicinehavemadegreatprogresswithwildliferesearch.A．Alllivingthingsareinterconnected.B．Healthyecosystemsmeanalotofdiversity.C．Orwewilllosetheseanimalstofuturegenerations.D．Peopleworldwidedependonwildlifefortheirsnack.E．Wildlifeprovidesimportantnutrientsforthehumanrace.F．Thehumanracehasalwaysturnedtonatureformedicine.G．Weshouldnoticetheinfluencecausedbywildlifeonculture.【答案】46．C47．A48．B49．E50．F【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為什么野生動(dòng)物重要的四個(gè)原因。46．根據(jù)設(shè)空處前文“Weneedtochangethislossofnatureandcreateafuturewherewildlifeandpeoplethrive(蓬勃發(fā)展)again.(我們需要改變這種自然的喪失，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)野生動(dòng)物和人類再次茁壯成長(zhǎng)的未來。)”可知，前文主要介紹人類需要保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物，使其能與人類一起在未來蓬勃發(fā)展。結(jié)合設(shè)空處后文列舉出的野生動(dòng)物重要性可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)承接前文內(nèi)容，做進(jìn)一步說明。C項(xiàng)“Orwewilllosetheseanimalstofuturegenerations.(否則我們的后代將失去這些動(dòng)物。)”與前文是并列關(guān)系，從反面進(jìn)一步說明保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物很重要。故選C。47．根據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Wildanimalskeepbalanceinecosystems.(野生動(dòng)物維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡。)”及設(shè)空處后文“Ifanypartisthreatenedorbeesextinct,thishasaknockoneffectonthewholeecosystem,sendingshockwavesthroughtheenvironment.(如果任何一部分受到威脅或滅絕，就會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生連鎖反應(yīng)，在整個(gè)環(huán)境中發(fā)出沖擊波。)”可知，野生動(dòng)物保持了生態(tài)平衡，所有的生命都是相互聯(lián)系，相互影響的。因此，設(shè)空處應(yīng)承接主題，同時(shí)引出后文。A項(xiàng)“Alllivingthingsareinterconnected.(所有生物都是相互聯(lián)系的。)”承上啟下，符合文意。故選A。48．根據(jù)設(shè)空處后文“Whydoweconsiderthisimportant?Awidevarietyofanimalsmeansgreaterproductivityandbetterhealth.Iftherearefeweranimalspecies,adiseasethataffectsanyspeciesspreadsfasterandmoreeffectively.(為什么我們認(rèn)為這很重要?種類繁多的動(dòng)物意味著更高的生產(chǎn)力和更好的健康狀況。如果動(dòng)物種類較少，影響任何物種的疾病就會(huì)傳播得更快、更有效。)”可知，后文主要介紹動(dòng)物種類繁多會(huì)給人類帶來生產(chǎn)力和健康方面的好處。結(jié)合本段小標(biāo)題“Diversity(多樣性)meanshealthierecosystemsandhealthierwildanimals.(多樣性意味著更健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和更健康的野生動(dòng)物。)”可知，本段主要介紹種類繁多的動(dòng)物與健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間的緊密關(guān)系。因此，設(shè)空處應(yīng)承接前文話題，并引出后文內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)“Healthyecosystemsmeanalotofdiversity.(健康的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)意味著多樣性。)”承上啟下，符合文意。故選B。49．根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Allofthefoodthatweeatesfromananimalorplant.Livingwithoutvariousfoodsourcescausesournutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng))tosuffer.Protectingwildlifeanditsnaturalhabitatsstrengthensfoodsafetyforhumansaroundtheworld.(我們吃的所有食物都來自動(dòng)物或植物。沒有各種食物來源的生活使我們的營(yíng)養(yǎng)受到影響。保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物及其自然棲息地可以加強(qiáng)世界各地人類的食品安全。)”可知，本段主要介紹野生動(dòng)物能滿足人類的營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求。結(jié)合前后文段首的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)總結(jié)后文。E項(xiàng)“Wildlifeprovidesimportantnutrientstothehumanrace.(野生動(dòng)物為人類提供重要的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。)”總結(jié)全段，符合文意。故選E。50．根據(jù)設(shè)空處后文“ManymedicalsystemslikeChinesetraditionalmedicinesstillrelyonherbsandspices,butevenWesternmedicinehavemadegreatprogresswithwildliferesearch.(許多醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)，如中藥，仍然依賴草藥和香料，但即使是西醫(yī)，也在野生動(dòng)物研究方面取得了很大進(jìn)展。)”可知，后文列舉中藥和西藥的例子是為了進(jìn)一步解釋人類向大自然中的動(dòng)植物尋求藥材。因此，設(shè)空處應(yīng)對(duì)后文的兩個(gè)事例做出總結(jié)。F項(xiàng)“Thehumanracehasalwaysturnedtonatureformedicine.(人類一直向自然尋求藥材。)”概括后文事例，符合文意。故選F。五、完形填空Whilevisuallyimpaired(受損)runnersusuallyusehumanguides,ThomasPanekbecamethefirsttopletetheracesupportedbydogs,makinghistoryattheNewYorkCityHalfMarathon.Threedogs—Westley,WaffleandGus—each51himforathirdoftherace.ThomastoldCNNthatthoughhe52thesupportofhum