2021-2022學(xué)年必修三Unit5Whatanadventure課時(shí)作業(yè)3

Unit5Whatanadventure課時(shí)作業(yè)第一節(jié)、閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThenoisefromlivingnexttoabusyroadorrailwaycouldraisetheriskofdementia（癡呆）,researchsuggests.Astudyfoundthatexposuretorailorroadtrafficsoundswaslinkedtoanincreaseintheriskofdementiabymorethanaquarter.TheDanishresearchersestimatedthatasmanyas1,216outofthe8,475casesofdementiainasingleyearcouldbeduetoit.Afterairpollution,transportnoiseisconsideredthesecondworstenvironmentalriskfactorforpublichealthinEurope.About40percentofthepopulationisexposedtoroadtrafficnoiseabove55decibels（dB）.Thereisaknownlinkbetweennoiseandhealthproblemssuchasheartdisease,obesityanddiabetes,buttheimpactondementiaisunclear.ResearchersattheUniversityofSouthernDenmarkinvestigatedtheassociationbetweendementiaandlong-termresidentialexposuretoroadandrailnoiseamongtwomillionadultsagedover60duringan11-yearperiod.TheyfoundthatroadandrailwaynoisewereassociatedwithahigherriskofAlzheimer’sdisease.Theriskwasupto27percenthigherfor55dBroadnoiseandupto24percenthigherfor50dBrailwaynoise,whencomparedwithlessthan40dB.However,onlyroadtrafficnoisewasassociatedwithanincreasedriskofvascular（血管的）dementia,andnotrailwaynoise.DrRosaSancho,headofresearchatAlzheimer’sResearchUK,saidthattheresearchdidnotidentifywhytheriskwashigher“butaddstoevidencelinkingexposuretonoisepollution”.“Ifotherstudiesconfirmit,”hesaid,“itbegsthequestionofwhythenoiseexposureisrelevanttodementia.”1.WhatisspecialabouttheDanishresearch?A.Itclarifiesthelinkbetweennoiseanddementia.B.Itconfirmsthatnoiseleadstohealthproblems.C.Itstressesthenecessityofreducingtrafficnoise.D.Itwarnspeopleofthegravityofnoisepollution.2.Accordingtotheresearchfindings,whichofthefollowingisright?A.Overaquarteroftrafficsoundsleadtotheriskofdementia.B.Transportnoiseisthesecondworstfactorforpublichealth.C.Railwaynoisemaynotraisetheriskofvasculardementia.D.Railwaynoiseleadstodementiamoreeasilythanroadnoise.3.WhatdoesDrRosaSanchothinkoftheresearch?A.Hedoubtstheaccuracyofitsdata.B.Hethinksnothingofitsdiscovery.C.Heisoptimisticaboutitslimitation.D.Hehopestoseeitsfurtherexploration.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleofthisarticle?A.RoadandrailnoiserelatingtodementiaB.RoadandrailnoiseleadingtopoorhealthC.AnewwaytoreducetheriskofdementiaD.Anewwaytoreduceroadandrailnoise【參考答案】ACDABAssassin（暗殺者）bugsliveuptotheirname.Theinsectsexpertlyhuntandfeeduponothersmallinvertebrates（無脊椎動(dòng)物），givingthemapoisonousbite.Somespeciesevenhuntspidersanduseastrangetricktogaintheupperhand.Usingtheirantennae（觸須），assassinbugstapspiders，whichappearstoconfusethemlongenoughtoletthebugsmakeapoisonousstrike，researchersreportedonSeptember29.Thefindingsprovideinsightintosomeofthecomplexhuntingtacticsthatpredators（捕食性動(dòng)物）evolvewhentargetingdangerousprey（獵物）.Assassinbugsspendtheirlivesinaplacemostinsectsavoid:spiderwebs.Thebugssilentlycreepalongthespider'ssilk，takingcaretomaketheirmovementsseemharmlessbeforeviolentlykillingtheweb'sarchitect，seizingthespiderswiththeirfrontlegsandinjectingthemwithpoison.Whilewatchingtwospeciesofassassinbugshuntspiders，ecologistsAnneWignallandFernandoSoleytooknoteofthebugs'habitoflightlyknockingtheirantennaeonspidersoncethebugswerewithinstrikingdistance.“Itstruckusearlyonthattappingpreywasareallystrangethingtodo，"saysWignall.Spiderscouldeasilydefendthemselvesandkillthebugs."Watchingthebugsspendsomuchtimeandeffortonavoidingdetection，onlytopracticallytapthespidersontheshoulderwasabsolutelyfascinating.”Tofigureoutwhythebugstap，WignallandSoleytestedthebehaviorof30spidersinthelaboratory.Theresearcherscopiedthebugs'antennaetappingbygentlybrushingthespiders'legwithadoghair.Afterthetapping，theteammeasuredthespiders'responsestomovementsontheweb，copyingastrugglinginsect.Tappedspiderswerefarlessaggressivethanthosethatweren'ttapped,fullyignoringthemovementsfourtimesasoften.Tappedspidersalsoattackedabout25percentasoftenastheiruntappedcounterparts.Wignallthinksthattheassassinbugsarereducingspiders'aggressionlevelsbyimitatingthetypesofphysicaltouchthatthesetypicallysolitary（獨(dú)處的）spidersexperiencenearfellowspiders.“Whenevertheydocomeacrossanotherspider，it'susuallybecauseit'sacloserelativeinthenest，orapotentialmate.Bothofwhicharesituationsinwhichaggressionwouldnotbeagoodidea，"shesays.ZoologistOndrejMichalek，whowasnotinvolvedwiththestudy，saysthattheresearchershavea“completelyvalidtheory."Manyspidersavoidcannibalism（同類相食）byusingspecialtouchsignalsthatcouldbecopiedbyskilfulpredators，thustrickingthespiders，hesays.5.Whatisunusualaboutassassinbugs？A.TheirbiteispoisonousB.TheirmovementsmakelittlenoiseC.Theydon'tavoidspiders'websD.Theykilltheirpreyviolently6.WhatsurprisedWignallaboutthebugs'behaviour？A.TheyusedagreatdealoftimeandeffortB.TheywereabletodefendthemselvesC.TheydeliberatelytouchedthespidersD.Theywereabletokillthespiders7.Whydothebugstapthespiders？A.TheyarekeenonphysicaltouchB.TheyarepretendingtobespidersC.TheyareusuallysolitaryD.Theyarelookingforamate8.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage？A.WhyanimalsusecomplexhuntingtacticsB.WhyassassinbugstaptheirpreyC.AssassinbugshaveapoisonousbiteD.Assassinbugs-adangerouspredator【參考答案】CCBB第二節(jié)、七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sciencecanhelpyouimproveyourstudymethods.Formorethan100years，psychologistshavedoneresearchonwhichstudyhabitsworkbest.Sometipshelpforalmosteverysubject.Forexample，don'tjustcram！Andtestyourself，insteadofjustrereadingthematerial.Hereare4tipstotweakyourstudyhabits.1.SpaceoutyourstudyingNateKornell，apsychologistatWilliamsCollege，thinksit'sagoodideatostudythedaybeforeabigtest.1_______.Instead，spaceoutthosestudysessions.Kornellcomparesourmemorytowaterinabucketthathasasmallleak.Trytorefillthebucketwhileit'sstillfull，andyoucan'taddmuchmorewater.Allowtimebetweenstudysessions，andsomeofthematerialmaydripoutofyourmemory.2_______.Andyou'llrememberitbetter，nexttime，henotes.2.Practice，practice，practice！Musicianspracticetheirinstruments.3_______.Thesameshouldgoforlearning.“Ifyouwanttobeabletorememberinformation，thebestthingyoucandoispractice，"saysKatherineRawson.She'sapsychologistatKentStateUniversityinOhio.Inone2013study，studentstookpracticetestsoverseveralweeks.Onthefinaltest，theyscoredmorethanafulllettergradebetter，onaverage，thandidstudentswhostudiedthewaytheynormallyhad.3.TestyourselfThat2010studybacksuponeofNebel'spreferredstudyhabits.Beforebigtests,hermomquizzedheronthematerial."NowIknowthatwasretrievalpractice,"shesays."It'soneofthebestwaysyoucanstudy."AsNebelgotolder,shequizzedherself.Forexample,shemightcoverupthedefinitionsinhernotebook.Thenshetriedtorecallwhateachtermmeant."4_______,"Sanasuggests."Putquestionsononesideandtheanswersontheotherside."Friendscanevenquizeachotheronthephone,shesays."Trytoquizyourselfthewaytheteacherasksquestions,"Nebeladds.4.DigdeeperIt'shardtorememberastringoffactsandfiguresifyoudon'tpushfurther.Askwhythingsareacertainway.Howdidtheycomeabout?Whydotheymatter?Psychologistscallthiselaboration.It'stakingclassmaterialand"askingalotofhowandwhyquestionsaboutit,"Nebelsays.Inotherwords,don'tjustacceptfactsatfacevalue.5_______.Anditcreatesabiggernetworkinyourbrainofthingsthatrelatetooneanother,shesays.Thatlargernetworkmakesiteasiertolearnandrememberthings.A.SomeexpertsholdthatstudyinglateatnightcanbereallyusefulB.Ofcourse,nothingcanreplacestudyingwithyourmotherC.ThishelpsyoucombinenewinformationwithotherthingsyouknowD.Butthenyou'llbeabletorelearnitandlearn