2025年高考英語總復習專項練習13 閱讀理解＋讀后續(xù)寫

練習13閱讀理解+讀后續(xù)寫

I.閱讀理解

A

2024?浙江1月，D議論文310詞★★★☆☆

TheStanfordmarshmallow（棉花糖）testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate

1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythe

child,wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbe

givenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowed

aconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.

Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We'renottemptedbysugarytreats,butbyour

computers,phones,andtablets-allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesof

informationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.

Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdeveloped

aresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue-afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe*ve

reshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhave

thesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggleto

resisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn'teat.

Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswas

information-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhas

greatlychangedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded（轟炸）withnewinformation.

Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemore

thoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood^^inorderto

manageourtimemosteffectively.

語篇類型：議論文主題語境：人與自我一一做人與做事一一兒童棉花糖實驗的啟示

【語篇解讀】文章通過20世紀60年代一項針對孩子的棉花糖實驗引出作者觀點——身處網(wǎng)絡時代，

我們每天都受到大量信息的誘惑，要學會做有選擇的信息消費者。

1.WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel'stest?

A.Takeanexaminationalone.

B.Showrespectfortheresearchers.

C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers.

D.Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.

答案與解析：D理解具體信息。根據(jù)第一段對Mischel的棉花糖實驗的介紹中的“Eachchildwastoldif

theywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat”可知,孩子們如果等待15

分鐘再吃糖，就會得到第二份獎勵，故選D項。

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween.

A.thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetites

B.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneeds

C.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrains

D?thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit

答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)題干中“mismatch”這一關鍵詞將答案定位在第三段的最后一句話

“Butaswe'vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtaining

calories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheart...we

shouldn'teaf\由此句可知，我們獲取熱量所需付出的成本和努力大大減少，也就是說現(xiàn)在我們能夠輕易獲

取充足的食物了，但是我們的大腦仍然和數(shù)千年前一樣，因此這兩者之間是不匹配的，故選C項。A項“熱

量匱乏的世界和我們的好胃口”；B項“糖分的缺乏和我們的營養(yǎng)需求”；C項“充足的食物供應和我們一

成不變的大腦”；D項“誘人的食物和我們?yōu)楸３纸】邓龅呐Α薄?/p>

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?

A.Beselectiveinformationconsumers.

B.Absorbnewinformationreadily.

C.Usediverseinformationsources.

D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.

答案與解析：B推斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Therefore...wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutour

informationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental'junkfood'inordertomanageourtimemost

effectively"可知，作者建議我們要謹慎地對待信息消費，抵制那些對我們的精神健康有害的信息誘惑，以

達到高效管理時間的目的。因此可推斷出，作者建議讀者要做有選擇的信息消費者，故選B項。A項“欣

然接受新信息”；C項“使用多樣化的信息源”；D項“保護信息環(huán)境”。

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.EatLess,ReadMore

B.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumans

C.TheLater,theBetter

D.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups

答案與解析：D理解文章主旨要義。本文圍繞棉花糖實驗展開，從最初針對幼兒園孩子的測試引入,

說明棉花糖對孩子的影響，再類比到成人身上，闡述了在充斥著各類信息的信息大環(huán)境下，我們成年人也

應該要學會抵制不良信息帶來的誘惑，做一個有選擇的信息消費者，因此文章重點介紹了成人面臨的“棉

花糖實驗”，故選D項。

B

2024?浙江1月，B記敘文329詞★★★☆☆

Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall-nottoshelterfrom

therain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconducting

auditions（試演）formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorsto

comeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeit_seemabitmore

“youngprofessional”.

AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslocked

outside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectory

Assistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady'smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtime

togetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.

AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongeranypublic

telephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnedintoa“minicommunitylibrary”：any

passer-bycan“borrow“abookfromitsshelves,andreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirown

collection.

Forafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary“opened,Ididn'tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbe

stuffedfullofcheeselovestories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminous

booksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatablepricepointencouragedmeto

experimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI'vediscoveredsomegreat

books!

IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadly,nolongerbeabletoconnect

mewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.

語篇類型：記敘文主題語境：人與社會——社會進步——電話亭的變遷

【語篇解讀】作者回憶了自己最后一次使用電話亭的經(jīng)歷，并發(fā)現(xiàn)家附近最后一個電話亭被改造成

了“迷你社區(qū)圖書館”，這為社區(qū)提供了新的價值。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A.Theplay.B.Thesharedhouse.

C.Thesofa.D.Thetelephonebox.

答案與解析：B理解詞匯。根據(jù)第一段中的"Iwasconductingauditions（試演）formyplayinmytinyold

sharedhouseinLondon和“Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore

'youngprofessional'”可推斷出，作者是在合租房里安排試演，為了給一些有天賦的演員留下深刻印象而

將合租房布置了一番，故選B項。

6.Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?

A.Toplaceanurgentcall.

B.Toputupanotice.

C.Toshelterfromtherain.

D.Toholdanaudition.

答案與解析：A推斷。根據(jù)題干信息將答案定位在第一、二段。第二段提到作者被鎖在了門外，但是

幸運的是“therewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet”，因此作者打電話拿到了備用鑰匙，才得以及時趕回家。

由此可推斷出，在2006年作者使用電話亭是為了撥打緊急電話，故選A項。

7.Whatdoweknowaboutthe“minicommunitylibrary^^?

A.Itprovidesphoneserviceforfree.

B.Anyonecancontributetoitscollection.

C.Itispopularamongyoungreaders.

D.Booksmustbereturnedwithinamonth.

答案與解析：B理解具體信息。根據(jù)題干中的“minicommunitylibrary”將答案鎖定在第三段。由該段

中的"a'minicommunitylibrary,:anypasser-bycan...orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirown

collection"可知，任何路過的人都能用自己的另一本藏書來替換其中的一本書，也就是說任何人都可以為

這個圖書館的藏書做出貢獻，故選B項。A項“它提供免費電話服務”；C項“它在年輕讀者中受歡迎”；

D項“一個月之內必須歸還圖書”。

8.Whydidtheauthorstarttousethe"library”?

A.Hewantedtoborrowsomelovestories.

B.Hewasencouragedbyacloseneighbour.

C.Hefoundtherewereexcellentfreebooks.

D.Hethoughtitwasanidealplaceforreading.

答案與解析：C理解具體信息。根據(jù)第四段可知，作者一開始認為這個“圖書館”里都是一些庸俗的

愛情故事書，但后來卻注意到那里有各種主題的大部頭書，而且這些書都是免費的。這個無與倫比的價格

點鼓勵作者嘗試許多自己通常不會考慮購買的書，并且發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些很棒的書。由此可知，作者因為發(fā)現(xiàn)那

里有免費的好書，才轉變之前的想法，開始使用這個“圖書館”。故選C項。

II.讀后續(xù)寫

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。

[2024?九省聯(lián)考]Lastsummer,Hildaworkedasavolunteerwithdolphintrainersatasealifepark.Herjob

wastomakesurethetankswerefreeofanyitemssothatthetrainerscouldtrainthedolphinstofetchspecificitems.

However,onedayaftercleaning,oneofthedolphins,Maya,presentedHildawithacandywrapperfromthetank.

WhenKatherine,thetrainer,sawthis,sheblamedHildaforhercarelessness.Upsetbutnotdiscouragedbythis

event,HildadecidedtodosomespyingonMaya.

Thenextmorning,Hildaarrivedattheparkearly.Sheputonherscubagear（水下呼吸器）andjumpedinto

thetankforherusual,underwatersweep.Findingnothinginthetank,sheclimbedoutofthewaterjustintimeto

seeKatherinejumpinginontheotherside.Afterwhathappenedyesterday,Hildaknewwhatshewasdoing.She

watchedasKatherineperformedherunderwatersearch,butHildawasn'tsurprisedwhenshesurfaced

empty-handed.

Duringthetanksweeps,Mayahadbeenswimmingplayfully,butnowthedolphinstoppedsuddenlyandswam

tothebackpartofthetankwherethefilter（過濾）boxwaslocated.Shestuckhernosedownbehindtheboxand

thenswamaway.WhatwasMayadoingbackthere?Hildawondered.Shejumpedbackintothewaterandswam

overtotakealookbehindthebox,andherquestionwasanswered.Hildathenswamacrossthetankfollowing

Maya'spathandemergedfromthewatertofindKatherineremovingherscubagear.AsKatherineturnedaround,

hermouthdroppedopen.TherewasMayaattheedgeofthetankwithacomb（梳子）inhermouthwaitingforher

treat.

“Maya!Wheredidyougetthat?”demandedKatherine,takingthecombandthrowingherafish."Iknow

whereshegotit,“declaredHildaclimbingoutofthetankwithahandfulofitemsstillwetfromtheirwatery,

restingplace.uWhat*sallthis?”Katherineasked,obviouslyconfused.