Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionDiscoverUsefulStructures課件高中英語人教版選擇性2

主講人：新建三中CathyUnit3EnvironmentalProtectionLesson3DiscoverUsefulStructure直接引語&間接引語WhatdidSianasayDirectspeechIndirectspeechPART01ObserveandLearn直接引述別人的原話，叫____________;直接引語用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫_________。間接引語直接引語通常都用____________括起來，引號“”間接引語在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個________。賓語從句直接引語

&

間接引語1Theexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.2Thereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.3Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.4Theexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.1Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”2Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange”3Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction”4“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.DirectspeechIndirectspeech◆特殊疑問句：objectiveclause◆祈使句：verb+infinitive◆Noquotationmarks“”◆一般疑問句：if/whetherUsepasttenseHowtochangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech1. 變化——人稱,時態(tài),部分詞(狀語/代詞),句式&語序

2.句式變化陳述句特殊疑問句一般疑問句祈使句Shesaid,“IlikeTennis.”Shesaidthat____likedtennis.DengTaosaidtoLily,“howisyoursisternow”HeaskedLilyhow___

____wasthen.Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”Shetoldmethat_____wantedtohelphim.shehersisterthey人稱變化句型轉(zhuǎn)換（1）“Iwillcomeandseeyouagainthisevening,Tom.”shesaid.→ShetoldTomthatwouldgoandseeagainthatevening.（2）Hesaidtome，“Youarewrong.”→Hetoldmethatwaswrong.（3）“Areyouasoldier”heasked.→Heaskedif/whetherwasasoldier.（4）Heasked，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff，John”→HeaskedJohnwherewasgoingtogetoff.sheIhimIheShesaid，“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”→Shesaidthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.Hesaid，“Wehavebegunourplan.”→Hesaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.Myteachersaidtous，“Earlybirdscatchworms.”→Myteachertoldusthatearlybirdscatchworms.時態(tài)變化直接引語變間接引語時，如果主句為過去時態(tài)，則間接引語的時態(tài)相應(yīng)向前推一個時態(tài)。如下表所示：

直接引語間接引語句子時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般過去時過去完成時過去完成時不變一般將來時過去將來時（1）Theteachersaid，“YouaredoingOK.”→Theteachersaidthat

doingOK.（2）Hesaid，“Ihavewrittenanovel.”→Hesaidthat

anovel.（3）Hesaid，“Shewillcomeheretohavealongholiday.”→Hesaidthat

gotheretohavealongholiday.wewerehehadwrittenshewouldⅡ.直接引語變成間接引語時，以下情況，時態(tài)不變：1.主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)不變;

Hesays,“Ididn'tbrokethewindow.”

Hesaysthathedidn'tbrokethewindow.2.直接引語描述:客觀事實、真理名言、習(xí)慣性動作,從句時態(tài)不變;“Theearthmovesaroundthesun,”theteachertoldus.

Theteachertoldusthattheearthmoves

aroundthesun.3.如果直接引語中由具體的過去某年/月/日作狀語，從句時態(tài)不變。

Theoldman

said,“IwasbornonApril20,1949.”

Theoldman

said

(that)hewasbornonApril20,1949.4.直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：

WenHui

said,

“I

get

up

at

six

every

morning?！?/p>

5.如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式,時態(tài)不再變（例：could,

should,

would,

might）

Thedoctorsaidtome,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

→ThedoctortoldmethatIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”

或已經(jīng)是過去時的形式時，時態(tài)不再變。（例：oughtto;hadbetterusedto）

DangRan

saidtome.

"You

had

better

come

here

today."

→She

said

(that)she

gets

up

at

six

every

morning.→DangRan

said

tome(that)

I

had

better

go

there

that

day.代詞，時狀，地狀，動詞變化引語

用詞直接引語間接引語指示代詞this這個that那個these這些those那些時間狀語now現(xiàn)在then那時today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天代詞，時狀，地狀，動詞變化時間狀語yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore兩天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago（至今）以前before（那時）以前地點狀語here這兒there那兒方向性動詞bring帶來take帶走come來go去（1）“Iwillcomeandhelpyoutomorrow，John，”shesaid.→ShetoldJohnthatshewouldandhelphim________________.（2）“I’llcomeandseeyouagainthisevening，Tim，”hesaid.→HetoldTimthathewouldgoandseehimagain.（3）MrHarryasked，“John，haveyoupassedtheexamyesterday”→MrHarryaskedJohnwhetherhehadpassedtheexam_________.（4）Theoldmansaid，“Iliketotalkwiththeseyoungmen.”→Theoldmansaidthathelikedtotalkwithyoungmen.（5）Shesaidtome，“Ilivedherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlivedfiveyears.thenextdaythateveningthedaybeforethosetherego

before語序變化1.陳述句的間接引語直接引語如果是陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。口語中that常省略?！癐wanttheblueone.”hetoldus.Hetoldusthathewantedtheblueone.Shesaidtome,“Youcan’tplaygamesnow.”→ShetoldmethatIcouldn’tplaygamesthen.

(1)一般疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,由whether或if

引導(dǎo)。(whether,if意思是“是否”)

例:“Canyoutellmethewaytothehospital”Theoldmanasked.→TheoldmanaskedwhetherIcouldtellhimthewaytothehospital.(2).特殊疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,仍由原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如:“Whichroomdoyoulivein”Heasked.→HeaskedmewhichroomIlivedin.(3)選擇疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,由whether/if…or引導(dǎo)。如：“IsityourbikeorTom’sMumasked→Mumaskedwhether/ifitwasmybikeorTom’s(4).祈使句→動詞+賓語+不定式。常見引述動詞有tell,order,ask,warn。如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not?！癉on’tworkinbed,Tom,”shesaid.→ShetoldTomnottoworkinbed.PART02ExercisesHerearesomestatementsandquestionsbychildrenwhoattendedscientificlectures.Guesswhotheyweretalkingtoandthenchangethesentencesintoindirectspeech.NameStatements/QuestionsDianeDianeaskedwhathadmadeHurricaneKatrinaunusual.Diane

askedif/whetherithadbeentheworstnaturaldisasterinAmericanhistory.NameStatements/QuestionsMarthaMarthasaid/toldmethatshewantedtobecomeascientistandhelptheworld.Marthasaid/toldmethatshewasdoingaprojectonbehalfofherschoolaboutglobalwarming.BobBobasked

why

nuclearpowerwassuchasensitivetopic.Bobaskedif/whethertheycouldexplainhowthenucleardisasterhadhappened.NameStatements/QuestionsLauraLauraaskedhowmanyanimalshaddisappearedbecauseofhumanhunting.Lauraaskedwhatwecoulddotohelpwildanimals.VincentVincentsaid/toldmethathehadneverbeentotheAmazonJungle.Vincentaskedif/whetherscientistswoulddiscovernewspeciesthere.PART03LanguagesPointsshowcauseandeffectrelationships展示因果關(guān)系takeresponsibilityfor負責(zé)trydrawingadiagram試著畫一個圖表allowyoutovisualizetheproblemsmoreclearly使你更清楚地想象問題cuttheemissionofgreenhousegases減少溫室氣體排放sustainacolorfullifestyle保持豐富多彩的生活方式comprehensivequality綜合素質(zhì)attractworldwideattention吸引全世界的關(guān)注afrequentvisitor?？蚥eseizedbycuriosity被好奇心所吸引carbonfootprints碳足跡beseizedbypanic驚慌失措4．submit

vt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服(P28)Accordingtothereportsubmittedbyresearchers,between20and25percentofallannualcarbondioxideemissionsarecausedbythedestructionoftropicalforests.【翻譯】根據(jù)研究人員提交的報告，每年有20%到25%的二氧化碳排放