2025版高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero高考題型分組訓(xùn)練新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero高考題型分組訓(xùn)練閱讀理解板塊訓(xùn)練——重細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，練速度(限時(shí)：35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·浙江卷)In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam－poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(識(shí)字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors,oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad.In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon(名人堂)ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf－dozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文通過(guò)敘述查爾斯·狄更斯對(duì)文學(xué)作品的貢獻(xiàn)，呼吁讀者在狄更斯200周年誕辰來(lái)臨之際，紀(jì)念狄更斯。1．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcentury?A．Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B．Theywerepopularamongtherich.C．Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D．Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。題目要求找出最能描述18世紀(jì)小說(shuō)特點(diǎn)的選項(xiàng)，由文章第一段最終一句“Novels,forthemostpart,werelookeduponassilly,immoralorjustplainbad(小說(shuō)在很大程度上被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的、不道德的，或者簡(jiǎn)直有害至極)．”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)小說(shuō)在人們心中毫無(wú)價(jià)值，因此選C。A選項(xiàng)中的difficulttounderstand以及B選項(xiàng)中的amongtherich在文章中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)，故解除A、B兩項(xiàng)。D選項(xiàng)中的mostlybywomen錯(cuò)誤，文章中“oftenwithsomethinglike‘Byalady’”只是舉例說(shuō)明有些作品沒(méi)有作者名字，而非小說(shuō)主要由女士所著，因此解除D。[答案]C2．DickensiscomparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A．hisreputationinFranceB．hisinterestinmodernartC．hissuccessinpublicationD．hisimportanceinliterature[解析]推理推斷題。其次段中“TodayDickens'greatnessisunchallenged.”表明，如今，狄更斯的地位是無(wú)可匹敵的；和盧浮宮的《蒙娜麗莎》相比是因?yàn)椤睹赡塞惿泛苤匾?，這樣更突出狄更斯的重要性。再結(jié)合第三段查爾斯·狄更斯被世人推崇的緣由是他在文學(xué)方面的成就，故不難推想選D。文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)狄更斯在法國(guó)的名聲，因此解除A項(xiàng)；B選項(xiàng)中的hisinterestinmodernart在文中未被提及，因此解除B項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)中的inpublication錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)楸径沃饕v解并描述狄更斯在文學(xué)上的成就，所以解除C項(xiàng)。[答案]D3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Torememberagreatwriter.B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.[解析]寫(xiě)作意圖題。由文章最終一段最終一句可知，作者在狄更斯200周年誕辰之際，呼吁大家理解狄更斯是如何使自己擁有持續(xù)影響力的，因此A項(xiàng)“紀(jì)念一個(gè)宏大的作家”正確。文章主要講解并描述狄更斯的文學(xué)影響力，而非介紹他的一篇英文小說(shuō)，因此解除B項(xiàng)；C選項(xiàng)“激勵(lì)有關(guān)文化方面的探討”與文章主題不符，因此解除C項(xiàng)；D選項(xiàng)范圍太廣，與文章對(duì)狄更斯的介紹不符，因此解除D項(xiàng)。[答案]AB(2024·山東郯城二中教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))ThereisalottolearnaboutthecreationsofBeatrixPotter—notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist.“PottergrewupasthedaughterofawealthyVictorianfamily,butalongwithherbrotherwhofilledanentireflooroftheirlargehouseinLondonwithallsortsofanimals，”saidAnneLundin,aretiredprofessorfortheUW－MadisonSchoolofLibraryandInformationStudies.“Asanadult,shewasafrustratedbotanicalillustratorandscientist.Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale，”Lundinsaid.Potterwasurgedtoturnthecharmingillustrationsandstoriesshewroteinletterstochildrenintobooks.Shewrote23booksinall—abodyofworkthathasinspiredplays,ballets,filmsandanastonishingamountofmerchandise.“TheTaleofPeterRabbitisprobablythemostfamouschildren'sbookintheworld,whichwaspublishedin1902andhasreallystoodthetestoftime.It'sbeentranslatedinto36languages.Theparentsandgrandparentswillshareitwiththenextgeneration，”saidLundin.Potteralsomadeamarkontheworldthroughherlandconservation.“Inmanyways,shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk.ShewithdrewfromLondonassoonasshestartedmakingsomemoneyonherbookstotheLakeDistrictandbecameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist.Shepreservedandpassedon15farmsandover4,000acres,whichweregivenbacktothecountryasgiftsinthe20thcentury，”saidLundin.“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern—herembracingofthenaturalworld，”commentedJenniferBlatchleySmith,anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇人物介紹類(lèi)文章。主要講解并描述了BeatrixPotter的故事，BeatrixPotter不僅是一位聞名的作家、插圖畫(huà)家，還是自然環(huán)境愛(ài)護(hù)的先驅(qū)者和植物學(xué)家。由于Potter對(duì)于世界的貢獻(xiàn)，人們至今都在牢記她。4．WhathelpedBeatrixPottertowriteTheTaleofPeterRabbitsuccessfully?A．Herlifeandworkexperiences.B．Herspecialtyinanimated(動(dòng)畫(huà))pictures.C．Hersuccessinbecomingabotanicalscientist.D．Herinterestinanimalsinchildhoodalone.[解析]推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“shewaslikePeterRabbit，venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk”(她像兔子彼得一樣，在一個(gè)充溢冒險(xiǎn)和危急的世界中探險(xiǎn))可知，BeatrixPotter是以自己在現(xiàn)實(shí)中的生活和工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)來(lái)創(chuàng)作這本書(shū)的。故選A。[答案]A5．Whatdoestheword“frustrated”inthethirdparagraphmean?A．Disappointed. B．Devoted.C．Motivated. D．Inspired.[解析]詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后面的“Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewasfemale”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)植物學(xué)領(lǐng)域是不對(duì)女性開(kāi)放的，所以BeatrixPotter是比較懊喪的。故選A。[答案]A6．WhatisBeatrixPotter?A．Abotanistandartist.B．Anextremelyimportantfarmerandsuccessfulscientist.C．Awriter,conservationistandfarmer.D．Anartisticdirector.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren'sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist，”以及倒數(shù)其次段中“becameanextremelyimportantfarmerandconservationist”可知，BeatrixPotter是作家、插圖畫(huà)家、自然環(huán)境愛(ài)護(hù)者和農(nóng)夫。故選C。[答案]C7．Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?A．IncelebrationofPotter's150thbirthday.B．InhonourofPotter'snewcontributions.C．InpraiseofPotter'sspiritofselflessness.D．InsupportofPotter'sbookpromotions.[解析]寫(xiě)作意圖題。縱覽全文，全篇都在講解并描述主子公的生平事跡，再依據(jù)最終一段中的“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodern”及“anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter'sbirth”可知，這篇文章是為了懷念Potter，為慶祝她150歲誕辰而寫(xiě)的。故選A。[答案]ACStephenHawkingWarnsHumansMustLeaveEarthSoonProfessorStephenHawkingrecentlycameoutwithaseriouswarningforpeople.WhileattheStarmusFestival,afestivalinTrondheim,HawkingcriticizedPresidentDonaldTrumpfordenyingclimatechange.Thenthephysicistwarnedtheaudience,“Iamnotdenyingtheimportanceoffightingclimatechangeandglobalwarming,unlikeDonaldTrump,whomayjusthavetakenthemostseriousandwrongdecisiononclimatechangethisworldhasseen.”HawkingproposedthattheleadingcountriesshouldsendastronautstotheMoonbefore2024torestartamovementofmoreexplorationinspace.TheBBCreportedthatHawkingsuggestedthatwe“buildalunarbasein30years'timeandsendpeopletoMarsby2025”．AccordingtotheBBC,ProfessorHawkingsaid,“Spreadingoutintospacewillcompletelychangethefutureofhumanity.”Hecontinued,“Ihopeitwouldunitecompetitivenationsinasinglegoaltofacethecommonchallengeforusall.”Thephysicistsharedmoreideastomotivatetheyoungergenerationtocontinueexploringspace.Hawkingstated,“Anewandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexcite(youngpeople),andstimulateinterestinotherareas,suchasastrophysics(天體物理學(xué))andcosmology(宇宙學(xué))．”Hawkingalsorevealedhisvisionofotherformsofenergythatcouldmoveustoanewplanet.Hewarnedtheaudience,“TheEarthisunderthreatfromsomanyareasthatitisdifficultformetobepositive.”Hecontinued,“Ournaturalresourcesarebeingdrainedatanalarmingrate.Wehavegivenourplanetthedisastrousgiftsofclimatechange,risingtemperatures,reductionofthepolaricecaps,deforestation(濫伐森林),anddecimation(大批殺死)ofanimalspecies.Wecanbeanignorantandunthinking(考慮不周的)lot.”Theprofessorwarnedtheaudiencethatdoingnothingwouldleadnowhere.Hesaid,“Ifwesucceedwewillsendaprobe(航天探測(cè)器)toAlphaCentauriwithinthelifetimeofsomeofyoualivetoday.Itisclearthatweareenteringanewspaceage.Wearestandingatthethreshold(開(kāi)端)ofanewera.Humancolonizationandmovingtootherplanetsisnolongersciencefiction,anditcanbesciencefact.”Hawkingadvisedtheaudiencetomovetootherworldsbecausewearerunningoutofspace.語(yǔ)篇解讀：文章引用了世界知名物理學(xué)及天文學(xué)家霍金的觀點(diǎn)，闡明白人類(lèi)必需離開(kāi)地球在太空中找一處新家的緣由。8．AccordingtoHawking,whatisthefirststepforhumanstospreadoutintospace?A．TosendpeopletoMars.B．Tobuildalunarbase.C．TosendastronautstotheMoon.D．Tochangethefutureofhumanity.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人類(lèi)要向太空擴(kuò)展應(yīng)在2024年之前把宇航員送到月球以重啟太空探究，故選C項(xiàng)。[答案]C9．Theunderlinedword“drained”inParagraph5canbereplacedby“________”．A．speededup B．storedC．usedup D．explored[解析]詞義揣測(cè)題。由該詞前面的“naturalresources”和后面的“atanalarmingrate”可以推斷出，drain在這里是“用完，耗盡”的意思，故選C項(xiàng)。[答案]C10．WhatisHawking'sattitudetowardstheEarth'sfuture?A．Pessimistic. B．Confused.C．Positive. D．Indifferent.[解析]觀點(diǎn)看法題。由文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的“warned”以及第五段的內(nèi)容可以推斷出，霍金對(duì)地球的將來(lái)持悲觀的看法，這也是他提出人類(lèi)要離開(kāi)地球的緣由，故選A項(xiàng)。[答案]A11．ThereasonwhyhumansmustleavetheEarthsoonisthat________.A．theEarthisunderthreatandthehumanraceisinseriousdangerB．humanshavefoundotherformsofenergytomovetoanewplanetC．a(chǎn)newandambitiousspaceprogramwouldexciteyoungpeopleD．a(chǎn)stronautshavefoundabetterworldinspacethantheEarth[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第一段的其次句和第五段的其次句可知，人類(lèi)必需離開(kāi)地球的緣由是：人類(lèi)處于危急之中，地球受到威逼，故選A項(xiàng)。[答案]AD(2024·遼寧沈陽(yáng)高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)一)HillaryfailedtobepresidentofAmerica,butsheneverfailstoserveAmericaallherlife.HillaryDianeRodhamwasborninChicago,Illinois,onOctober26,1947，daughterofHughandDorothyRodham.SheandhertwoyoungerbrothersgrewupinParkRidge,SheenteredWellesleyCollegein1965.Graduatingwithhighhonors,shemovedontoHillaryleftWashingtonandfollowedherhearttoArkansas,marryingBillClintonin1975.ThecoupletaughttogetheronthelawschooloftheUniversityofArkansasatFayetteville.Theirdaughter,Chelsea,wasbornin1980.AsFirstLadyofArkansas,Hillarycontinuedtoworktirelesslyonbehalfofchildrenandfamilies.InadditiontochairingtheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee,shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.SheintroducedapioneeringprogramcalledtheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungstersintoArkansas,whichtrainedparentstoworkwiththeirchildreninpreschoolpreparednessandliteracy.HillaryalsoservedontheboardoftheArkansasChildren'sHospital.Inrecognitionofherprofessionalandpersonalaccomplishments,HillarywasnamedArkansasWomanoftheYearin1983andArkansasMotheroftheYearin1984.Women'sInternational語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了希拉里的相關(guān)狀況，包括她的家庭、所受的教化、事業(yè)以及為婦女和兒童做出的貢獻(xiàn)等。12．WherewasitthatHillarybegantoshowherconcernforchildren'sinterests?A．InChicago,B．AtWellesleyC．InWashingtonandArkansas.D．AtYale[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)其次句“WhileatYale,shedevelopedherspecialconcernforprotectingthebestinterestsofchildrenandtheirfamilies.”可知，在耶魯法學(xué)院時(shí)，希拉里就特殊關(guān)切兒童及其家庭的權(quán)益，故D項(xiàng)正確。[答案]D13．WhichofthefollowingwassetupbyHillary?A．TheArkansasEducationStandardsCommittee.B．TheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies.C．TheHomeInstructionProgramforPreschoolYoungsters.D．TheArkansasChildren'sHospital.[解析]細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“shefoundedtheArkansasAdvocatesforChildrenandFamilies”可知，希拉里成立了“阿肯色州維護(hù)兒童和家庭權(quán)益組織”，故B項(xiàng)正確。[答案]B14．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．BillClintonandHillarybothgraduatedfromWellesleyB．BillClintonandHillaryfoundedtheUniversityofC．HillarydidagreatdealforchildrenandwomeninArkansas.D．Hillarywasinterestedinsportsbutnotinacademicsubjects.[解析]推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段可知，在耶魯法學(xué)院時(shí)，希拉里就特殊關(guān)切兒童及其家庭的權(quán)益；倒數(shù)其次段介紹了希拉里在阿肯色州為婦女和兒童成立了“阿肯色州維護(hù)兒童和家庭權(quán)益組織”、引進(jìn)了“學(xué)齡前兒童家庭教化”項(xiàng)目；據(jù)此可以推斷，希拉里在阿肯色州為維護(hù)婦女和兒童的權(quán)益做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，故C項(xiàng)正確。[答案]C15．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．Hillary'sConcernforChildrenB．AStoryToldbyHillaryC．ABriefIntroductiontoHillaryD．Hillary'sContributions[解析]標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文第一段第一句為文章主題句，結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要對(duì)希拉里的相關(guān)狀況作了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，故C項(xiàng)為最佳標(biāo)題。[答案]CⅡ.七選五閱讀填空(2024·全國(guó)卷聯(lián)考提升卷)Let'sbehonesthere:randomactsofkindnessmakeusfeelgood.Theymakeothersfeelgood.Theyhelpbenefitsocietyinsmallways,andthosesmallbenefitscanturnintohugebenefits.Beinganeverydayheromeanswillinglyandjoyfullychoosingrandomactsofkindnesstomaketheworldabitbrighter.__1__Startwiththeseideas.Leaveaspacecleanerthanyoufoundit.Ifyoueatout,keepyourtablecleanafteryou'refinished,makingitalittleeasierforyourserver.Athome,keepyourthingsorganized.__2__Bekindtostrangers.It'swell－knownthateveryoneisfightingseparatebutequallydifferentbattles.Althoughyoumightnotbeabletounderstandorrelatetoeveryone'sstruggles,youcanofferunconditionalkindnessandpatience.__3__Maybethefast－foodworkerhastwootherjobsandchildrenathome.Althoughyoudon'tknowtheirsituations,kindnessisalwaysa