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18八月2024專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞非謂語動詞的類型:
Infinitive不定式Gerund動名詞Participle分詞Non-finite專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Structure:
tobedoneInfinitive:todoNegative(否定):nottodoPassivevoice:專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞(1).主語Subject不定式作主語時,往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.Togetenoughsleepatnightisimportant.It____________________________________.Itisadj.(forsb)todosth.Itis+apleasure/anhonor/apitytodo.Ittakessb+timetodo.Non-finiteisimportanttogetenoughsleepatnight專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞(2).表語PredicativeMyjobYourtask______________(努力學(xué)習(xí)).istostudyhardNon-finiteToseeistobelieve.toteachyouEnglish.專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Thesedayseveryonewantstogetrichfast.(3)賓語Object常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有:fail,happen,mean,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,etc.+todoNon-finiteliketodomanagetodo專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.(4).賓補Complement五看
watch
see
lookat
observe
notice三使
let
make
have
二聽
listento
hear一感覺:
feel當(dāng)遇到下列動詞時,不定式省略to:allow,cause,ask,advise,expect,force,permit,persuade,tell,want,warn,teach等.
Non-finite醫(yī)生建議他去南方.Thedoctoradvisedhimtogotothesouth.+sbtodo專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Imadehimdohiswork.He______________________byme.Seesbdosth---sbbeseentodoHewasseen___fromthetreeandgethurt.fallB.tofall
C.fallingD.fallen改錯:Hewasheardtalktohismotherforanhour.totalkwasmadetodohiswork專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞(5).定語Attributive(如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)Heislookingfor__________.(一間可以住的房子)Thereisnothing___________.*我想要幾本書在旅途中看。I’dlike________________________________.afewbookstoreadduringthejourney---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?---Itisaverygood_____.A.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudytoworryaboutThetopicstobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.(沒有什么可擔(dān)心的)aroomtolivein專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語Adverbialinorderto,soasto,1.表目的2.表原因Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.3.表結(jié)果Thisroomisbigenoughtoholdus.enough…to,too…to,onlyto,etc.Heliftedarockonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Non-finite專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞1.作主語2.作表語3.作賓語4.作賓語補足語5.作定語6.作狀語在句中承擔(dān)的成分:專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)進行式完成式完成進行式TenseandVoice(時態(tài)與語態(tài))
tobedoing
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
----------
tohavebeendoing----------專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞(1).Theypretendednottoseeus.(2).Hepretendedtobesleeping.(3).Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.(一般式表示與謂語的動作同時/發(fā)生在它之后.)(在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時,不定式的動作也正在進行)(完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前)專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞who,which,when,how,what,whom,whether等連用,在句中起名詞作用,可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。我不知道是否要接受邀請。Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitationornot.(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.(主語)如何解決這個問題很重要。我的問題是什么時候開始。Myquestioniswhentostart.(表語)Non-finite不定式與疑問詞連用:專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞關(guān)于省略(1).不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動詞.e.g.:Wouldyouliketogowithme?
(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.e.g.:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?
A.I’dliketo
B.I’dliketogo
Yes,_______.Non-finiteA.I’dliketobe.B.I’dliketo.Yes,______.專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞
(eat,giveup,finish,explain,tell)1.Myteacherwasmade_______histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.togiveupexplaining/tobeexplainedtobefinishednottoeat3.Wefinditimpossibleforthework__________aheadoftime.4.Thepatientwaswarned______oilyfoodaftertheoperation.2.Thesentencewants________________oncemore.5.Imeant_________youaboutit,butIforgottodoso.tohavetold
專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞1.--Iusuallygotherebytrain.--Whynot____byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing2.Ratherthan___onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers____abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞4.Shecan’thelp____thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned
3.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecan’thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞5.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.don’tmake專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see8.Themotherdidn’tknow____toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞9.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.learnB.tolearnC.learned D.learning10.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞11.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
12.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat____inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞13.LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14.Theteacheraskedus____somuchnoise.A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞不定式作定語時,應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面,而且放在其他后置定語之后。1.不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系:(1)動賓關(guān)系Ihavealotofworktodo.(2)主謂關(guān)系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.(3)同位關(guān)系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞固定句型:hadbetter+(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事Why(not)dosth.?…prefertodo/preferdoing…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB…prefer+todoAratherthan(to)doB…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子(過去式)(虛擬語氣)要做……專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞*在thefirst,thesecond…,thelast和only之后,只能用todo。如:Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom.*如果understand,realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后,只能用todo。如:Ibegantounderstandthetruth.*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如:(√)Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow.
(×)Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow.
(√)Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen.*soastodo一般不放在句首。
(√)Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus.(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus,hegotupatfivethismorning.注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Myteacherwasmade_____histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants____oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered____thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_____forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard____.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot______.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞7.---Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?---Thekey____theproblemistomeetthedemand____bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.---Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?----Itisaverygood_____.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞9.---Didyougetajob?---No,I___,butit’snouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework___aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.---IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.----Whynot___therebyboatforachange?totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞12.___aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan___forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended____whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou9.Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.10.Howtosolvethisproblemisveryimportant.(作主語)(作賓語)(作賓補)(作表語)(作定語)(作原因狀語)(作目的狀語)(作結(jié)果狀語)獨立成分和疑問詞連用專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Gerund主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)ing一般式完成式一.Structure:doingNegative:notdoing二.時態(tài)和語態(tài)makinghavingmade(不作定語)beingmadehavingbeenmade(不作定語專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞三.在句中承擔(dān)的成分:1.作主語2.作賓語3.作定語4.作表語專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusiness.1.作主語:Seeingisbelieving.
e.g.---Whatmadehimsounhappy?---____theticketforthefootballmatch.HavingbeenlostB.LostC.BecauseoflosingD.LosingKey:________DLosingtheticketforthefootballmatchmadehimsounhappy專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞對著打翻了的牛奶哭是沒用的。Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.類似的還有:Itisnogooddoingsth.Itisnousedoingsth.專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞IenjoylearningEnglish.Howaboutmeetingoutsidethetheatre?2.作賓語:Vt.Prep.+doing專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞admit,appreciate,deny,resist,stand,imagine,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,can’thelp,等。如:1)你介意我在這兒抽煙嗎?Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?2)這女孩被告知每天練習(xí)三個小時的鋼琴.Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday.3)Goodnewskeepscoming.
下列動詞通常用~ing形式作賓語:專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞e.g.insiston,prevent…from,dependon,feellike,befondof,succeedin,beproudof,excuse…for,apologizefor,lookforwardto,objectto,beusedto,beopposedto,…etc.
下列V.+prep.通常用~ing形式作賓語,尤其注意介詞toPrep.后通常用~ing形式作賓語.e.g.Theboystoodstillwithout__________(dare)toraisehisheadbecauseof___________(break)avase.daringhavingbroken專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞remembertodorememberdoingforgettodoforgetdoingstoptodostopdoinggoontodogoondoingtrytodotrydoingregrettodoregretdoingmeantodomeandoingtodo和doing的區(qū)別:專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞①V+sbtodosth
&
V+doingsthe.g.:Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst.Yousurelycan'tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman.Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-night.Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.注意:動詞如:permit,allow,admit,forbid,imagine,consider有不同的用法:專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞advise/permit/allow/admit/forbid/considerdoingsth.e.g.:Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass.Theyshouldn'tallowparkinginthestreet;it'stoonarrow.Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse.Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice.專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Myhobbyiscollectingstampsandfishing.Hisjobisteaching.3.作表語What’sthedifferencebetweenthem?I’mfishing.Myhobbyisfishing.動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞awalkingstickAswimmingpoolAsleepingcar4.作定語:區(qū)別ThewalkingmanTheswimminggirlThesleepingboy動名詞修飾名詞表示名詞的功能現(xiàn)在分詞修飾名詞表示該名詞所處的狀態(tài)專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Tominsistedoncomingtotheparty.Tominsistedonmycomingtotheparty.我?guī)缀鯚o法想象peter在五天內(nèi)橫渡大西洋.IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.Gerund的邏輯主語:專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞在動詞或詞組need,want,require,beworth,deserve,etc.后的動名詞表示被動意義:Yourcompositionneedsimproving.Yourcompositionneedstobeimproved.Thebookisworthreadingasecondtime.Thebookisworthytoberead/ofbeingreadasecondtime.動名詞表示被動意義:專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞
-ing分詞(以make為例)-ed分詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式完成式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式
完成式HavingmademakingbeingmadeHavingbeenmademadeXXX專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞分詞在句中承擔(dān)的成分:由于分詞具有形容詞性和副詞性,在句子中不能充當(dāng)具有名詞特征的主語和賓語.成份類別主語賓語定語表語補語狀語現(xiàn)在分詞××過去分詞××專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞作定語1.ThetopicsbeingdiscussedeverywhererecentlyisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.tobediscusseddiscussed進行完成將來2.Thetopics________________(discuss)attomorrow’smeetingisconcernedabouttheOlympics2008.3.
Thetopics_______________(discuss)atyesterday’smeetingwasabouttheOlympics2008.專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Theglassisbroken.Thefoodsmellsinviting.2.作表語Whathesaidsounds__________(convince).Hewas___________(interest)inwhathelearnedinCanadaandhethoughteverythinginCanadawas____________(interest).convincinginterestedinteresting這道菜香味怡人。Pleasefillintheblankwiththeverbgiven:使…信服專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞類似情況還有:surprising~surprised,exciting~excited,tiring~tired,disappointing~disappointed,encouraging~encouraged,amazed~amazing,bored~boring,pleasing~pleased,astonishing~astonished.
-ed分詞Sb.+Link.v+-ed分詞-ing分詞
Sth.+Link.v+-ing分詞人的感覺事物本身的特點專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Theycaughthimcheatinginthemid-termexaminationHewascaughtcheatinginthemid-termexamination.Youcan'tleavetheworkshopwiththemachinerunning.
3.作補語1.賓語補足語2.主語補足語3.介詞賓語補足語專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞Fillintheblank:1.Hewassurprisedtofindhisroom
thoroughly_______.(clean)2.LastnightIsawhim_______(play)theviolinwithhiseyes_______(shut).“被動”“主動”cleanedplayingshut“被動”專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞分詞作狀語,修飾謂語,大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情景,表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來,這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語是主句的主語,而句子本身可與狀語從句等句型轉(zhuǎn)換。4.作狀語專升本語法培訓(xùn)非謂語動詞1.Whenweheardthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.
=Hearingthenews,wejumpedwithjoy.2.Whenitisheated,themetalexpands.Heated,themetalexpands.3.Becausehedidn‘tknowhowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.=Notknowinghowtodoit,hewenttohisfatherforhelp.4.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.=
Deeplymoved
bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry
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