2024年中考英語新熱點(diǎn)時文閱讀-航空航天與神舟系列

2024年中考英語新熱點(diǎn)時文閱讀-航空航天與神舟系列題型主要內(nèi)容1完形填空介紹了神州十七號的宇航員，主要講述了其中的江新林成為宇航員的歷程。2完形填空由學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的不如意引出宇航員鄧清明的故事。3閱讀理解在10月12日，“太空教師”陳冬在中國空間站給廣大青少年上太空科普課的事情。4閱讀理解介紹了宇航員鄧清明的事跡和經(jīng)歷。5閱讀理解介紹了中國首次火星探測任務(wù)工程總設(shè)計(jì)師張榮橋被英國《自然》雜志評選為影響2021年科學(xué)事件的十位人物之一，并對他進(jìn)行了簡要介紹。6閱讀理解講述了中國計(jì)劃在2030年前將宇航員送上月球，并介紹了中國自己建立太空站的原因。7短文填空介紹了中國航天員鄧清明的故事。01（2023上·江蘇鹽城·九年級統(tǒng)考期中）TheShenzhouXVIIastronautsstartedtheirspacemission(任務(wù))onOct26.Theirspaceship1fromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.Onthespaceshipare2astronauts:TangHongbo,48;TangShengjie,33;andJiangXinlin,35.TheirspaceshipthenjoinedwiththeTiangongspacestation.Theywilldosciencestudiesandtestsinspace,3spacewalks.TheShenzhouXVIIteam,onaverage(平均地),hasthespacestation’syoungestastronauts.OneoftheastronautsJiangXinlinisfromHenan.Bothofhisparentsare4.Theydidn’tknowtheirsonwasanastronaut5Oct26.Theyfeltvery6oftheirsonandwatchedthenewsliveonTVwiththeirneighborsandrelatives.Jianghastwosistersandabrother,theyliveda7lifewhenhewasyoung.Theirfamilycouldonlymakealivingbygrowingcropsandraisingsheepinasmallvillage.JiangXinlinhadtoworkto8hisfamilywhenhewasonlyfifteenyearsold.Althoughitwastiringandhardthattime,henever9.Hekeptonstudyingafterworkeveryday.Later,hisbrothergaveupstudyandfoundworktosupporttheirstudy.Thishard10madehimunforgettable,butalsolethimdeeplyunderstandthatonlystudyingcan11abetterfuture.Afterattendingjuniorhighschool,JiangXinlinstudiedevenharderand12amilitaryacademywhenhegraduated.Heworkedasapilot13abouttenyearsandbecameanastronautin2020.Asanastronaut,youshouldnotonlyhaveastrongbody,butalsomuchprofessionalknowledge.JiangXinlinpractisednecessaryskillsinthedaytimeandlearnedknowledgeintheevening.Atlast,hewas14astheShenzhouXVIIastronaut.15hardwork,JiangXinlinprovesthatifwekeepworkinghardandnevergiveup,wecansurelymakeourdreamscometrue.1．A．gaveoff B．putoff C．tookoff D．gotoff2．A．one B．two C．three D．four3．A．a(chǎn)sgoodas B．a(chǎn)swellas C．a(chǎn)ssoonas D．a(chǎn)slongas4．A．doctors B．a(chǎn)stronauts C．farmers D．students5．A．until B．since C．a(chǎn)fter D．when6．A．patient B．popular C．perfect D．proud7．A．rich B．poor C．happy D．cheerful8．A．support B．suppose C．survive D．suggest9．A．putup B．gaveup C．turnedup D．gotup10．A．education B．example C．experience D．environment11．A．talkto B．replyto C．belongto D．leadto12．A．ended B．enjoyed C．entered D．expected13．A．in B．with C．to D．for14．A．chosen B．changed C．checked D．cheered15．A．Though B．Through C．Thought D．Although02（2023上·遼寧錦州·九年級統(tǒng)考期中）SomestudentsoftenhavetroublelearningEnglish.Theysaythe16takesuptoomuchoftheirtime.Theyhavetoreadmanypassages,17newwordsinthedictionaryanddolotsofexercises.Eventhoughtheyworkhard,theystillcannotgetgoodgradesontests.“18?”,theyask.“HowcanIenjoysuccess?”ThestoryofChineseastronautDengQingmingmighthelptoanswer19questions.Dengwaschosenasanastronauttrainee（實(shí)習(xí)生）in1998.Thatwaslongago—youreadershadn’tevenbeenbornyet.Sincethatday,hehadspentalmostallofhistimetraininghardtobecome20.Overtheyears,Denghasseenhisfellowtraineesgointospaceoneafteranother.He,however,wasalwaysabackup（后備人員）.Heoftenfeltsad.Sometimes,heeven21.Dengstilltrieshisbestforthedream.22heisnowinhisfifties,hekeepstraininghard.“Imustbereadywheneverthechancecomestome.”Heoncesaid.Finally,onthenightofNovember29,2022,heandtwootherastronautsboardedtheShenzhou15aircraftandflewintospace.Denghadwaited24yearsforthatverymoment.So,ifyouwanttogiveup23English（orsomethingelse）,thinkaboutDeng’sstory.Youreffortsmightnotsucceedatonce.Butbe24,trytoimproveyourmethodsandkeepgoing.Youprobablywon’thavetowaitmanyyearsforthatmoment25Deng.Oneday,successwillknockatyourdoor.16．A．subject B．country C．book D．writer17．A．lookat B．lookafter C．lookup D．lookfor18．A．Where B．When C．What D．Why19．A．your B．their C．our D．its20．A．a(chǎn)teacher B．a(chǎn)nartist C．a(chǎn)nastronaut D．a(chǎn)nengineer21．A．cried B．laughed C．danced D．ran22．A．But B．Although C．Unless D．If23．A．learn B．tolearn C．learned D．learning24．A．popular B．polite C．patient D．wide25．A．with B．for C．to D．like03（2023上·江蘇南通·九年級統(tǒng)考期中）“Welcometoournew‘classroom’!”saidChenDong,oneofthethreeastronautsoftheShenzhouXIVmission.Theyweregivingascienceclass400kilometersaboveEarthonOctober12.ItwasthethirdspaceclassfromtheTiangongspacestation,butthefirstonefromtheWentianlabmodule(實(shí)驗(yàn)艙)sinceitslaunchinJuly.TheformertwoclasseswereheldintheTianhecoremodule(核心艙).Whatdoesthenew“classroom”looklike?Chen,togetherwithLiuYangandCaiXuzhe,showedusaround.“ThebedsintheTianhemoduleareplacedhorizontally(橫著),whileourbedsarekeptupright,”saidLiu.ThatmeansastronautsintheWentianlabmoduleneedtosleepstandingup!ButasLiuexplained,peopledon’tfeelanydifferencebecausethere’snogravity(重力)inspace.Astronautscanevensleepontheceilingorupsidedown!Theastronautsalsoshowedtheir“spacefarm”,wherelettuce,wheat,thalecress(擬南芥)andricearegrown.“Takeapicture!”“Sendthepicture!”Throughavoice-controlledcamera,ChenalreadysentapictureofthethalecresstoscientistsonEarth.Thenheusedscissorstocutasample(樣本).“I’llputitintoafridgeat-80℃andlatergiveittoscientistsonEarth,”saidChen.Scientistswillstudyhowtheenvironmentofspaceaffectsthegrowthofplants.“Canyouseethewaterdropscomingfromtheleaves?Thisiscalled‘guttation’(植物吐水現(xiàn)象),”saidLiu,holdingthewell-grownrice.Inspace,thewaterdropsaremuchbiggerthanthoseonEarth.Sopeoplecanclearlyseetheguttation.“Wehopeinthenearfuture,wecanharvestthefoodgrownonourown,”saidChen.“Maybeoneday,wecanharvestfoodontheotherplanetslikethemoonorevenMars!”26．HowdoastronautsintheWentianmodulesleep?A． B． C． D．27．HowdoscientistsonEarthstudytheplantsinthespacestation?A．Bygrowingtheplantsinspacethemselves.B．Bytakingandcollectingpicturesthemselves.C．Bystudyingthesamplesastronautsbringback.D．Bywatchingthemthroughreal-time(實(shí)時)videocameras.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inPara.4referto?A．Apicture. B．Apackofrice.C．Apieceoflettuce. D．Apieceofthalecress.29．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Farmerscangetcropsonthemoonsoon.B．“Guttation”canbeseenfromleavesofrice.C．ScientistswilltrytogrowfoodonthemoonorevenMars.D．Lettuce,wheat,thalecresswillbegrownonotherplanets,too.04（2023上·廣東廣州·九年級廣州開發(fā)區(qū)中學(xué)校考期中）ShenzhouXVcrewmembers(全體機(jī)組成員)setoutontheirjourneytoTiangongspacestationonNov.29,2022.Afterservingasabackup(后備人員)crewmemberfor24years,ChineseastronautDengQingming’sdreamhasfinallycometrue.Thestorymovedmanypeople,andhewascalleda“hiddenhero”.Borninafarmingfamilyin1966,Denghasfouryoungerbrothersandsisters.Asastudent,DengjoinedthePLAAirForceinJune,1984andstartedtrainingasapilotatafightcollegeinHebeiprovince.In1996,DengbegantotakepartinthePLAAirForce’sselection(選拔)ofastronautsandwasfinallyselectedwithanother13pilots.The14pilotsbecamethefirstChineseastronautsinJanuary,1998.However,Dengisthelastoneofthemtobesentintospace.“Beingabackupdoesn’tmeanyoudon’tneedtowork.ImustwatchcloselyinthecontrolcenterandofferallIknowaboutthemission(任務(wù))andthespaceshipincaseofemergency,”Dengsaidduringaninterview.“MymissionwillbecompleteonlywhenthecrewreturnstoEarth.”WhentrainingforShenzhouXImission,Denghadtostayinaspacecraftsimulator(模擬器)nobiggerthan10squaremetersfor33days.Hehadnoshowers,onlyatespacefoodandputupwithloudnoisesandbrightlightashetriedtosleep.Nomatterhowdifficulttheroadtospaceflightis,Dengneveroncethoughtofgivingup.“Beacreworabackup,itisthejob.Andthesuccessofthemissioncomesbeforemypersonalwishes,”Dengoncesaid.30．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Deng________.A．servedasabackupin1996 B．wastheyoungestinhisfamilyC．a(chǎn)chievedhisdreamattheageof56 D．becameanastronautwhenhewas3531．WhatcanwelearnfromDeng’swordsinParagraph3?A．It’shardtobeabackupcrewmember.B．Ittakesalongtimetofinishaspacemission.C．Everycrewmemberknowsthespacemissionwell.D．Abackupplaysanimportantroleinthespacemission.32．WhydoesthewritermentionthetrainingforShenzhouXImission?A．Toshowwhatspacecraftsimulatorslooklike.B．Toshowwhattheastronaut’sdailylifeislike.C．Toshowhowhardthetrainingofastronautsis.D．ToshowhowfastChina’sspaceindustryisdeveloping.33．Whichcolumn(欄目)ofawebsitedoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?A．/power B．/musicC．/animals D．/people05（2022上·安徽六安·九年級校考期末）ZhangRongqiao,chief(總的)designerofChina’sTianwen1Marsmission(任務(wù)),wasnamedonThursday,December16,bythetopscientificjournal(雜志)Natureasoneofthe10people“whomattered(重大影響)inscience”in2021.Theannuallist(年度榜單),publishedonthejournal’swebsite,saidthatZhangisanengineerwholed“China’sfirstsuccessfulMarsmission,whichreachedtheplanetthisyear”.LaunchedonJuly23,2020fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunch(發(fā)射)CenterinHainanProvince,theTianwen1roboticprobe(探測器),namedafteranancientChinesepoem,traveledatotalof475millionkilometersbeforeenteringMartianorbit(軌道)onFebruary10.Aftermorethanthreemonthsofpreparations,alandingcapsule(艙)releasedbytheprobe(被探測器釋放的)finallytoucheddownontheplanetonMay15,makingChinathesecondcountry,aftertheUnitedStates,tohavesuccessfullyconductedalandingonthesurfaceofMars.Inacongratulatoryletterafterthelanding,PresidentXiJinpingsaidthattheTianwen1missionhadleftthenation’sfirstmarkonMars!BorninMarch1966inQimenCounty,AnhuiProvince,ZhangstudiedatlocalschoolsuntilhewenttoXidianUniversityinShaanxiProvincein1982.In1988,hereceivedabachelor’sdegree(學(xué)士學(xué)位)andwasadmitted(錄取)asapostgraduatestudentbytheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology(空間技術(shù)研究院)inBeijing.In2004,hewasnamedchiefengineeroftheLunarExplorationCenterandhasworkedtheresincethen.ZhanghasalsotakenpartinChina’slunarexplorationandhigh-resolutionEarthobservation(觀察)satelliteprograms.34．ThelandingcapsuleofTianwen1landedonMars________.A．onJuly23,2020 B．onFebruary10,2020C．onMay15,2021 D．onDecember16,202135．Theunderlinedword“congratulatory”inthepassagemeans“________”.A．邀請的 B．介紹的 C．慰問的 D．恭賀的36．WhichistherightorderofthefollowingstatementsaboutZhangRongqiao?a.Hewasnamedasoneofthe10people“whomatteredinscience”.b.HebecameauniversitystudentinShaanxiProvince.c.HewasnamedchiefengineeroftheLunarExplorationCenter.d.HewasadmittedasapostgraduatestudentinBeijing.A．a(chǎn),d,b,c B．b,d,c,a C．c,b,a,d D．d,a,c,b37．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．chiefdesignerofChina’sTianwen1MarsmissionB．theTianwen1MarsmissionC．thetopscientificjournalD．10people“whomatteredinscience”in202106（2023上·廣東深圳·九年級統(tǒng)考期中）JIUQUANSATELLITELAUNCHCENTER,ChinaChinasendsoffitsyoungest-everteamforitsspacestationonThursday.Itispartofthecountry’splantoputastronautsonthemoonbefore2030.TheChinaMannedSpaceAgencysaidtheaverage（平均的）ageofthethree﹣memberteamistheyoungestsincethelaunchofthespacestation.Theiraverageageis38,statemediaChinaDailysaid.ThethreeastronautsareTangHongbo,andJiangXinlin.Theywillreplaceateamthathasbeenonthestationforsixmonths.Thenewteamwillperformexperimentsinspacemedicine,spacetechnology（設(shè)備）insideandoutsidethestation.In2022,theChinesegovernmentbuiltitsownspacestationafteritwasnotpermittedtojointheU.S.ledInternationalSpaceStation.TheAmericansworriedthattheChinesespaceprogramwasunderthecontrolofthePeople’sLiberationArmy.

China’sfirstmannedspacemission（任務(wù)）in2003madeitthethirdcountryaftertheformerSovietUnionandtheU.S.toputapersonintospaceusingitsownresources.AlthoughtheAmericanspaceprogramisbelievedtobefaraheadofChinaatthistime,Chinahasmadesomeimportantsteps.Theyincludebringingbacksamples（樣本）fromthemoon’ssurfaceforthefirsttimeandlandingavehicle（運(yùn)載工具）,meanwhile,aimstoputastronautsbackonthemoon’ssurfacebytheendof2025.Inadditiontotheirmoonprograms,thetwocountrieshavealsoindependently（獨(dú)立地）landedvehiclesonMars.AndChinaplanstofollowtheU.S.inlandingaspacecraftonanasteroid（行星）.38．WhendoesChinaplantoputastronautsonthemoon?A．Before2030. B．Before2025. C．Before2040. D．Before2050.39．Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreeastronauts?A．Theystayedatthestationforsixmonths.B．Theywilldoexperimentsindifferentareas.C．Theyaretheyoungestastronautsattheageof38.D．Theywillusetheequipmenttorepairthestation.40．WhydidChinabuilditsownspacestation?A．ChinawascontrolledbytheAmericanspaceprogram.B．ChinawantedtochallengetheUSinspaceexploration.C．ChinawantedtohavecontroloverAmericanspaceprogram.D．ChinawasnotallowedtojointheInternationalSpaceStation.41．WhichisthemainideaofParagraph5?A．Chinalandsavehicleonthefarsideofthemoon.B．Chinabringsbacksamplesfromthemoon’ssurface.C．Chinahastakenimportantstepsinspaceexploration.D．Chinaputastronautsonthemoon’ssurfacebefore2030.42．WhathaveboththeU.S.andChinaachievedintheirspaceprograms?A．TheylandedvehiclesonMarsindependently.B．TheybuiltajointInternationalSpaceStation.C．Theylandedaspacecraftonanasteroid.D．Theylaunchedtheirfirstmannedspacemissions.07（2023上·四川達(dá)州·九年級四川省渠縣中學(xué)?？计谥校┱Z法填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確時態(tài)或形式填空，使短文完整。DengQingmingisoneofthethreeChineseastronautscarryingoutChina’sShenzhou-15spaceshipmission.He43(final)gotthechancetogotospaceafternearly25yearsofpreparation.DengwasborninavillageinJiangxiProvincein1966.Ashisparentsbothworkedinthefields,hehadtolookafterhisyoungerbrothersandsisters.Atthattime,hisdreamwastogotocollegeandfindajob44(support)hisfamily.Deng45amemberofthePLAAirForce(空軍)since1984.Whenhelefthisvillagethatyear,hisfriendscametosaygoodbyetohim.Hewasdeeplytouchedanddecidedtoworkhard.Yearsofhard46(train)madehimanexcellentpilot,andhewaschosenasoneofthe47(one)groupofChineseastronautsin1998.Foralongtime,Dengservedasabackup(后備)astronaut.Hisroadtospacewas48(long)thanthatofhisteammates.Hespentalmostallofhistimepreparingandwaitingandhe49(give)thechancetotraveltospaceintheend.Besidesthat,Deng’swifesupportedhimalot.Shetookcareofthewholefamilyandnevercomplained.“You’veset50exampletoourdaughterandweareproudofyou,”shetoldhim.Afteralongwait,he51(fly)intospacebyShenzhou-15spaceshipinNovember2022atlast.Twenty-fiveyearswasquitealongtime,butDengnevergaveup.52thenationneedshim,heisalwayswaitingthere,readytotakeonanychallenge.參考答案：1．C2．C3．B4．C5．A6．D7．B8．A9．B10．C11．D12．C13．D14．A15．B【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了神州十七號的宇航員，主要講述了其中的江新林成為宇航員的歷程。1．句意：他們的宇宙飛船從酒泉衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心起飛。gaveoff散發(fā)；putoff推遲；tookoff起飛；gotoff下車。根據(jù)“Theirspaceship...fromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter.”可知，宇宙飛船起飛。故選C。2．句意：飛船上有三名宇航員：湯洪波，48歲；唐勝杰，33歲；江新林，35歲。one一；two二；three三；four四。根據(jù)“TangHongbo,48;TangShengjie,33;andJiangXinlin,35”可知，共有三名宇航員。故選C。3．句意：他們將在太空進(jìn)行科學(xué)研究和測試，以及太空行走。asgoodas和……一樣好；aswellas和，以及；assoonas一……就……；aslongas只要，和……一樣長。根據(jù)“Theywilldosciencestudiesandtestsinspace,...spacewalks.”可知，科學(xué)研究、測試和太空行走是并列關(guān)系，用aswellas。故選B。4．句意：他的父母都是農(nóng)民。doctors醫(yī)生；astronauts宇航員；farmers農(nóng)民；students學(xué)生。根據(jù)下文“Theirfamilycouldonlymakealivingbygrowingcropsandraisingsheepinasmallvillage.”可知，江新林的父母都是農(nóng)民。故選C。5．句意：直到10月26號，他們才知道他們的兒子是一名宇航員。until直到；since自從；after在……之后；when當(dāng)……之時。根據(jù)“Theydidn’tknowtheirsonwasanastronaut...Oct26.”可知，此處是not...until“直到……才”，表示直到10月26號才知道兒子是宇航員。故選A。6．句意：他們?yōu)樽约旱膬鹤痈械阶院?，并與鄰居和親戚一起觀看了電視上的新聞直播。patient有耐心的；popular流行的；perfect完美的；proud自豪的。根據(jù)“Theydidn’tknowtheirsonwasanastronaut...”可知，兒子是一名宇航員，應(yīng)是為他感到自豪。故選D。7．句意：江新林有兩個姐姐和一個哥哥，他們小時候過著貧窮的生活。rich富有的；poor貧窮的；happy開心的；cheerful歡快的。根據(jù)下文“Theirfamilycouldonlymakealivingbygrowingcropsandraisingsheepinasmallvillage.JiangXinlinhadtoworkto...hisfamilywhenhewasonlyfifteenyearsold.Althoughitwastiringandhardthattime,”可知，江新林一家只能在小村莊里靠種莊稼和放羊?yàn)樯铝衷?5歲時則不得不去工作，那時候很累也很辛苦。由此可知，江新林小的時候過著貧窮的生活。故選B。8．句意：江新林才15歲的時候就不得不打工養(yǎng)家。support支持，供養(yǎng)；suppose猜想；survive幸存；suggest建議。根據(jù)“Theirfamilycouldonlymakealivingbygrowingcropsandraisingsheepinasmallvillage.JiangXinlinhadtoworkto...hisfamilywhenhewasonlyfifteenyearsold.”可知，江新林一家只能在小村莊里靠種莊稼和放羊?yàn)樯?，所以雖然才15歲，他已不得不去工作養(yǎng)家了。故選A。9．句意：雖然那段時間很累也很辛苦，但他從未放棄。putup舉起，搭建；gaveup放棄；turnedup出現(xiàn)，調(diào)高（音量）；gotup起床。根據(jù)“Althoughitwastiringandhardthattime,henever...”可知，although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，此處應(yīng)是表示雖然那時很辛苦很累，但從未放棄。故選B。10．句意：這段艱難的經(jīng)歷使他難以忘懷。education教育；example例子；experience經(jīng)歷；environment環(huán)境。根據(jù)上文“Later,hisbrothergaveupstudyandfoundworktosupporttheirstudy.”可知，應(yīng)是“哥哥放棄了他自己的學(xué)習(xí)，找了份工作來供他們學(xué)習(xí)”這段經(jīng)歷使江新林難以忘懷。故選C。11．句意：但也使他深刻地明白，只有學(xué)習(xí)才能通往更好的未來。talkto與……交談；replyto回復(fù)；belongto屬于；leadto導(dǎo)致，通往。根據(jù)“onlystudyingcan...abetterfuture”可知，只有學(xué)習(xí)才能通往更好的未來。故選D。12．句意：初中畢業(yè)后，江新林更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，畢業(yè)后進(jìn)入了軍校。ended結(jié)束；enjoyed享受；entered進(jìn)入；expected期待。根據(jù)“...amilitaryacademywhenhegraduated”可知，應(yīng)是畢業(yè)后進(jìn)入了一所軍校。故選C。13．句意：他做了約十年的飛行員，并于2020年成為一名宇航員。in在……里面；with和；to朝，到某處；for為了，達(dá)（表示一段時間）。根據(jù)“...abouttenyears”可知，空后是一段時間，空處應(yīng)用介詞for。故選D。14．句意：最后，他被選為神州十七號宇航員。chosen選擇；changed改變；checked檢查；cheered歡呼。根據(jù)“hewas...astheShenzhouXVIIastronaut”可知，此處表示江新林被選為神州十七號的宇航員，bechosenas“被選為”。故選A。15．句意：通過努力，江新林證明了如果我們堅(jiān)持不懈，永不放棄，我們一定可以讓我們的夢想成真。Though雖然（連詞）；Through憑借，通過（介詞）；Thought認(rèn)為（動詞），想法（名詞）；Although雖然（連詞）。根據(jù)“...hardwork,JiangXinlinprovesthatifwekeepworkinghardandnevergiveup,wecansurelymakeourdreamscometrue.”可知，空后是名詞詞組hardwork，空處應(yīng)填入介詞through，表示江新林憑借自己的努力，證明了“如果堅(jiān)持不懈，永不放棄，夢想會實(shí)現(xiàn)的”。故選B。16．A17．C18．D19．B20．C21．A22．B23．D24．C25．D【導(dǎo)語】本文由學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的不如意引出宇航員鄧清明的故事。16．句意：他們說這門課占用了他們太多的時間。subject學(xué)科；country國家；book書本；writer作家。根據(jù)“SomestudentsoftenhavetroublelearningEnglish”可知是指英語這門學(xué)科，故選A。17．句意：他們要讀很多文章，在字典里查新詞，做很多練習(xí)。lookat看；lookafter照顧；lookup查閱；lookfor尋找。根據(jù)“newwordsinthedictionary”可知是指查字典，故選C。18．句意：為什么？Where哪里；When什么時候；What什么；Why為什么。根據(jù)“Eventhoughtheyworkhard,theystillcannotgetgoodgradesontests”可知即使很多學(xué)生努力學(xué)習(xí)，他們?nèi)匀徊荒茉诳荚囍腥〉煤贸煽儯院芤苫笤?，故選D。19．句意：中國宇航員鄧清明的故事或許有助于回答這些問題。your你們的；their他們的；our我們的；its它的。此處是指學(xué)生們的問題，應(yīng)用their，故選B。20．句意：從那天起，他幾乎把所有的時間都用來刻苦訓(xùn)練，以成為一名宇航員。ateacher一個老師；anartist一個藝術(shù)家；anastronaut一個宇航員；anengineer一名工程師。根據(jù)“Denghasseenhisfellowtraineesgointospaceoneafteranother”可知是指為成為宇航員而訓(xùn)練，故選C。21．句意：有時，他甚至哭了。cried哭泣；laughed笑；danced跳舞；ran跑步。根據(jù)“Heoftenfeltsad”可知他經(jīng)常很傷心，所以有時甚至還哭了，故選A。22．句意：雖然他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)五十多歲了，但他仍然努力訓(xùn)練。But但是；Although盡管；Unless除非；If如果。根據(jù)“heisnowinhisfifties,hekeepstraininghard”可知前后是轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系，應(yīng)用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，故選B。23．句意：所以，如果你想放棄學(xué)習(xí)英語（或其他什么），不妨想想鄧的故事。learn學(xué)習(xí)，動詞原形；tolearn動詞不定式；learned動詞過去式；learning動名詞。giveupdoingsth.“放棄做某事”。故選D。24．句意：但是要有耐心，試著改進(jìn)你的方法并堅(jiān)持下去。popular受歡迎的；polite禮貌的；patient耐心的；wide寬的。根據(jù)“Youreffortsmightnotsucceedatonce.”可知你的努力可能不會馬上成功，但是要有耐心。故選C。25．句意：你可能不需要像鄧那樣等很多年才能等到那一刻。with和；for為了；to到；like像。根據(jù)“Youprobablywon’thavetowaitmanyyearsforthatmoment...Deng.Oneday,successwillknockatyourdoor”可知你要有耐心，此處指可能不會像鄧那樣等待很多年。故選D。26．C27．C28．D29．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在10月12日，“太空教師”陳冬在中國空間站給廣大青少年上太空科普課的事情。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThatmeansastronautsintheWentianlabmoduleneedtosleepstandingup!”可知，航天員在問天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙需要站著睡覺，選項(xiàng)C圖片符合描述。故選C。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“I’llputitintoafridge...howtheenvironmentofspaceaffectsthegrowthofplants.”可知，航天員會將樣品放進(jìn)冰箱然后交給地球上的科學(xué)家，所以科學(xué)家是通過航天員帶回來的樣品來研究太空植物的。故選C。28．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Throughavoice-controlledcamera,ChenalreadysentapictureofthethalecresstoscientistsonEarth.Thenheusedscissorstocutasample(樣本).”可知，這里指剪下一片擬南芥作為樣品送到地球，因此“it”指代“一片擬南芥”，故選D。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Maybeoneday,wecanharvestfoodontheotherplanetslikethemoonorevenMars!”可知，或許有一天，科學(xué)家們將嘗試在月球或火星等其他星球上種植植物。故選C。30．C31．D32．C33．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了宇航員鄧清明的事跡和經(jīng)歷。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ShenzhouXVcrewmemberssetoutontheirjourneytoTiangongspacestationonNov.29,2022.Afterservingasabackupcrewmemberfor24years,ChineseastronautDengQingming’sdreamhasfinallycometrue”可知鄧清明在2022年實(shí)現(xiàn)了夢想，而由“Borninafarmingfamilyin1966”可知他出生在1966年，所以判斷他在56歲實(shí)現(xiàn)了他的夢想，故選C。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段可知此段講述了鄧清明在作為后備宇航員期間的工作情況，由此可以看出作為后備宇航員在太空任務(wù)的完成中起著重要作用，故選D。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“WhentrainingforShenzhouXImission,Denghadtostayinaspacecraftsimulatornobiggerthan10squaremetersfor33days.Hehadnoshowers,onlyatespacefoodandputupwithloudnoisesandbrightlightashetriedtosleep”可知在執(zhí)行神舟十一號任務(wù)的訓(xùn)練中，鄧清明被關(guān)在一個不超過10平方米的航天器模擬器中長達(dá)33天。他沒有淋浴，在試圖入睡時忍受著巨大的噪音和刺眼的光，所以判斷作者此處想表明宇航員訓(xùn)練的不容易，故選C。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文可知文章介紹了宇航員鄧清明的事跡和經(jīng)歷，所以推斷本文最可能來自《中國日報》的人物專欄，故選D。34．C35．D36．B37．A【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了中國首次火星探測任務(wù)工程總設(shè)計(jì)師張榮橋被英國《自然》雜志評選為影響2021年科學(xué)事件的十位人物之一，并對他進(jìn)行了簡要介紹。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“alandingcapsulereleasedbytheprobefinallytoucheddownontheplanetonMay15”可知，“天問一號”的著陸艙在火星上著陸是在2021年5月15日。故選C。35．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“afterthelanding”可知，在著陸之后應(yīng)該是恭賀信。故選D。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ZhangRongq