新教材2022新高考英語外研版一輪總復習學案：選擇性必修第一冊 Unit 5 Revealing nature

語基夯實?課前闖關

『高考重點詞匯分類拓展記牢1

（一）高頻重點詞匯/分類記憶，用時少，功效高

I.閱讀詞匯?讀懂

默想下面單詞的含義，不會的在口中做出標記并核對識記。

□1.samplen.□2.ancestorn.

□3.primitiveadj,□4.giantadj.

□5.mythn.□6.1egendn.

□7.evolvev.

「自主核對區(qū)］

1?樣本2.祖先；原種

3?原始的；低等的4?巨大的；特大的

5,神話6.傳說；傳奇

7?進化

II.核心詞匯?練通

［辨詞義?寫詞形］

1-seedn.種子；籽

2-declinev.減少

3-goatn.山羊

4?rootn.根

5-centimetren.厘米

6-linkv.把……聯(lián)系起來；連接

7-characteristicn.特征；特性

［入語境?重活用］

1?（2020?新高考山東卷）Hegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspected（懷疑）

ofdrugdealing.

2,（2019?全國卷I）Biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20，000—25，000

polarbearsworldwide（遍及全世界）.

3?（2018?江蘇卷）Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblame（責備）becausethey

didn*tadequatelychecktheirusers1registration.

Ill.拓展詞匯,用活

1?distanta力.遠的;遠處的fdistance遠方；距離

2?generatev.產(chǎn)生；倉ll造一generationn.產(chǎn)生；一代fgenerative加。能生

成的

3-detectv.發(fā)現(xiàn)；察覺fdetectionn.發(fā)現(xiàn)；覺察fdetective偵探fdetector

n.探測器

［語境活用］——用所給詞的適當形式填空

1（2020?天津卷7月）Detective（detect）AshleyJonesworksatapolicedepartment

inEngland.

2-Thepreviousgenerationhasmadegreatcontributionstotheconstructionof

hydropower.Thehydropowerstationstheybuiltgeneratehundredsofmillionsofwatts

ofelectricityeachyear.（generate）

3-ThoughthereisalongdistancebetweenTomandhisfamily,theydon'tfeel

distant,(distant)

(二)高頻短語串記/記牢用活，不枯燥，興趣高

單元短語?再現(xiàn)

1-beadisgrace是恥辱，是丟臉的事

2?benativeto源于……的；原產(chǎn)于

3-answerthecall響應號召

4-inquestion正被討論的

5-becrowdedwith…擠滿了……

6-atthesametime同時

7-doresearchOIL..做關于……的研究

8-intheend最后，終于

9-afterall畢竟'終究

［語境活用］——選用左欄短語填空

1（2019?浙江卷6月）uAfterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays，”hesaid.

“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthe

helpinghand.”

2?（江蘇卷）Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.

3?（全國卷I）Thoughnotverybig,therestaurantispopularinourarea.Itis

alwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.

4?（d匕京卷）Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheirefforts

willberewardedwithsuccessintheend.

5-HewasbomandgrewupinNorthernVirginia,buthisparentsarebothnative

toChina.

b會積累（日積月累，聯(lián)想發(fā)散）

1.各種各樣的“增加”和

“減少”

2.“責備、表揚”相關詞

①onthedecline在

匯大觀園3.“與……有關”短語全

下降

①blamev.&n.責接觸

②ontheincrease正在增

備①belinkedwith/to

加

②scolds責備；斥責②beconnectedwith

?increaseby增長了

?criticizev.批評；指責③berelatedto

?increaseto增長到

?praisev.表揚；贊揚④beassociatedwith

⑤ontherise在上漲；在

?complimentn.恭維；⑤berelevantto

增加

贊美

⑥onthedecrease在減

少

（三）重點句型仿寫/背熟巧用，造佳句，表達高

背佳句明句型巧仿寫

What'smore，hehad

recentlyreceivedaletter

fromhisfatherpredicting1.（2019?全國卷H）當我們

thathewouldbe"a接到一個電+話說她入圍

disgracetoyourselfandall

時，我們以為這是個玩笑。

現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作定語

yourfamily”.

Whenwegotacallsaying

而且，他最近剛收到父親

shnwasshort-listed,wv

的來信，預言他會成為thoughtitwasajoke.

“自己及全家人的恥

辱”。

Theyoungmanin2.（2019?天津卷）現(xiàn)在大多

question,CharlesDarwin,數(shù)大學都為一年級學生開

wasageologistand設一門課程，專門幫助他

naturalist,fascinatedby

們在學業(yè)和個人事務上取

rocks,plantsand

得成功。

過去分詞（短語）作定語

animals.

Mostcollegesnowoffer

這個被討論的年輕人是查

first-yearstudentsacourse

爾斯?達爾文，他是一位地

speciallydesignedtohelp

質學家和自然學家，對巖

themsucceedacademically

石、植物和動物很著迷。andpersonally.

GregorMendelchoseto

3.（2020?全國卷I）我喜歡

studypeaplantsbecause

吃西紅柿炒雞蛋，我想它

theircharacteristicswere

“be+a春+todo”句型

easytocontrol.一定很容易做。

用主動形式表示被動意義

格雷戈爾?孟德爾選擇研Ilikeeatingfriedtomatoes

究豌豆，是因為它們的特witheggs,andIthoughtit

mustbeeasytocook.

性容易控制。

Scientistshopetolearn

4.（2020?全國卷n）然后我

moreaboutthisplant

sothat引導目的狀語從句可以抽出時間再學一次，

warningsystem，sothat

這樣我們就可以每天一起

wecanuseittogrow

cropswithoutpesticides.練習了。

科學家們希望更多地了解ThenIcansparesometime

植物的警告系統(tǒng)，以便我tolearnitagain,sothatwe

們能在不用殺蟲劑的情況ccnpracticetogetherevvey

下利用它種植莊稼。day.

創(chuàng)意課堂:多維突破

［以高考為導向強化學習能力1

詞匯精研

UsuspectV.猜想；懷疑；覺得，認為n.被懷疑者；嫌疑犯

［先練會］——單句語法填空

①Didn'tyounoticeanythingsuspicious(suspect)inhisbehaviour?

②Shesuspectedherhusbandoftakinghermoney.

③Theteacherwassuspiciousof/aboutthestudent'sfurtive(偷偷摸摸的)

behaviourduringtheexam.

［再寫美］——句型轉換

④Isuspecthimtobethethief,ashecan*texplainthesourceofhismoney.

flsuspectthatheisthethief,ashecan*texplainthesourceofhismoney.(賓語

從句)

囪囹困房

(l)suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人（做）某事

suspectsb.tobe/as...懷疑某人是....

(2)suspiciousadj.懷疑的；可疑的

besuspiciousof/about...對....懷疑

［佳句背誦］Hewassuspectedofstealingtheringatthepartylastnight,andthe

policewerelookingintothematter.

他被懷疑在昨晚的聚會上偷戒指，警方正在調(diào)查此事。

flcharacteristic。辦特有的；典型的n.特色；特征，特性；典型

［先練會］——單句語法填空

①Q(mào)uickdecisionischaracteristicofhim.

②Itischaracteristicofpeoplewhohaveonlyalittleknowledgetotry(try)to

pretendthattheyhavemuchknowledge.

［再寫美］——微寫作/一句多譯

③這對雙胞胎兄弟外表長得相似，但是性格很不一樣。

Thetwinbrothersarealikeinappearancebutdiffergreatlyincharacter.

④忘記帶禮物來正是他的特點。

a?Itischaracteristicofhimtoforgettobringapresent.(characteristicadj)

b?Itistypicalofhimtoforgettobringapresent.(typicaladj)

c-Itislikehimtoforgettobringapresent.(likeprep.)

囪畫因國

(1)becharacteristicof特有的....的特征

Itischaracteristicofsb.todo某人會做....；....正是某人的作風(特點)

(2)charactern,性格；個性；特點：品行；(小說、戲劇中的)

人物；角色；文字，符號

［佳句背誦］Asisknowntousall,MountHuashanisfamousforitsbreathtaking

cliffsanditsuniquecharacteristics.正如我們所知道的，華山以它驚人的懸崖和

它獨一無二的特征而出名。

［名師點津］becharacteristicof通常以表特色之意的詞作主語，以具有該特色

的主體作介詞of的賓語。

囪declinen.衰落；衰??；減少；下降v.衰落；減少；下降；婉言謝

絕

［先練會］——單句語法填空

①Lastyearsawadeclineintheeffectivedemandforsteel.

②(江蘇卷)Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetoshare(share)foodwiththeir

children,whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.

③Beforethemigrantspoured,bothcountriesfaceddeclining(decline)numbersof

pupilsbecauseoflowbirthrates.

［再寫美］一同義替換

④(2019?江蘇卷)Butbeforetheycanbeassured,moreeffortsmustbemade,

becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisdeclining.

fButbeforetheycanbeassured,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethe

populationofthecraneinthewildisonthedecline/indecline.

囪囹的房

(l)adeclinein在……方面下降

indecline/onthedecline在衰退中，走下坡路

(2)declinetodo...拒絕做……

［佳句背誦］(l)Therumourspreadthattheticketsalesinthatsuburbantheatre

wasindeclineforlackofmarvelousperformances.

有謠言在傳，由于沒有精彩的表演，那個位于郊區(qū)的劇院的票房銷售正在下

降。

(2)Anincreaseincarshasresultedinthedeclineofpublictransport.

汽車的增加導致了公共交通的減少。

Qblamev.把....歸咎于，責怪，指責n,責任；責備，指責

［先練會］——單句語法填空

①(2018，江蘇卷滿分作文)1亦unwiseforustoblametheincreaseofratingson

highconsumption.

②"wastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantthatwastoblame(blame)forwhat

hadhappenedinthelab.

③(全國卷［II)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputthe

blameonthealarmclock.

［再寫美］一句式升級

④(普通表達)Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshewasblamedforthebreakdown

oftheschoolcomputernetwork.

(高級表達)Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewas

inlowspirits.(分詞作狀語)

因時雨扃

blamesb.for(doing)sth.為（做）某事責備某人

blamesth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人

betoblame（for...）應（為....）承擔責任；該（為....）受責備

lay/puttheblameon...把責任歸咎于...

［佳句背誦］Insteadofblamingeachother，weshouldcommunicatemoreandput

ourselvesinothers*place.

我們應該多交流、換位思考而不是相互責怪。

［名師點津］betoblame中不能用被動語態(tài)，該短語用主動語態(tài)表示被動含義。

linkv.&n.把……聯(lián)系起來；連接；關聯(lián)；聯(lián)系；關系

［先練會］――單句語法填空

①（浙江卷）Therelationshipsyoudevelopnowwillprobablybelinkedtotheones

youvaluelater...

②（江蘇卷）Sincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfrom

disasterslinked（link）toElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.

③（2019?全國卷H改編）ThepurposeoftheHUNCHprogramistolinkspace

technologywithschooleducation.

［再寫美］——句式升級

④（普通表達）Thegirllikesyellowthatislinkedwithconfidenceandself-respect.

（高級表達）Thegirllikesyellowlinkedwithconfidenceandself-respect.（用非謂

語動詞改寫）

囪幽的房

link...to/with把....連接/聯(lián)系起來

linkupwith...（與...）連接，（與....）結合

belinkedto/with...和....連接；和....有聯(lián)系

［佳句背誦］Accordingtoarecentsurvey,fourmillionpeopledieeachyearfrom

diseaseslinkedtosmoking.

根據(jù)最近的一項調(diào)查，每年有四百萬人死于與吸煙有關的疾病。

句型精析

U現(xiàn)在分詞（短語）作定語

（教材原句）What'smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfather

predictingthathewouldbe"adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.

而且，他最近剛收到父親的來信，預言他會成為“自己及全家人的恥辱工

［先練會］——單句語法填空

①Haveyougotanythingtosend(send)?

②Haveyoureadthenovelwritten(write)byDickens?

?Listen!Thesongbeingsung(sing)isverypopularwiththestudents.

［再寫美］——微寫作

④這座寺廟悠久的歷史可以追溯到唐朝早期。

ThetemplehasalonghistorydatingbacktotheearlyperiodoftheTang

Dynasty.

⑤受邀參加招待會的客人中有一半是外國大使。

Halfoftheguestsinvitedtothereceptionwereforeignambassadors.

國國盼￡3

(1)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語表主動、正在進行；現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式beingdone表

被動、正在進行。

(2)不定式todo作定語表主動、將來；不定式的被動式tobedone表被動、

將來；過去分詞done表被動、完成；

注意：過去分詞(短語)作定語和現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語的區(qū)別：

①語態(tài)不同：過去分詞表示被動；現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動。

Theyoungmanaccusedofstealingacarwasfromaforeigncountry.

被指控偷車的那個年輕人來自外國。

Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismycousin.

正在操場上踢球的男孩兒是我表弟。

②時間關系上不同：過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)完成；現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進

行。

變化著的世界

<thechangingworld

thechangedworld改變了的世界

［佳句背誦］Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.那里有一條小

河流經(jīng)農(nóng)場。(2020?全國卷H)

制“be+M/.+todo”句型用主動形式表示被動意義

(教材原旬)GregorMendelchosetostudypeaplantsbecausetheircharacteristics

wereeasytocontrol.

格雷戈爾?孟德爾選擇研究豌豆，是因為它們的特性容易控制。

［先練會］——單句語法填空/補全句子

①Today'shomeworkwaseasyto_do（do）,soMikefinisheditquicklyandwent

outtoplay.

②I'mafraidwe*llhavetoworkextrahours,forsomeproblemsarehardto

settle（很難解決）.

［再寫美］——補全句子/句式升級

③（普通表達）Lastbutnotleast,Pmwarm-heartedandeasy-going.Pmeasytoget

alongwith（容易相處）.

④（高級表達）Lastbutnotleast,Pmsowarm-heartedandeasy-goingthatPm

easytogetalongwith,（so...that...句型）

回國團蝎

句型主語+be+ac”?+todo

特點常用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義

常用的形容詞有difficult、hard>easy>comfortable>pleasant>

使用條件interesting>exciting等

不定式和句子的主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系

［佳句背誦］Amongthefourseasonsinayear,summerismyfavorite.The

morningairissogoodtobreathe.在一年的四個季節(jié)中，夏天是我最喜歡的。早

晨的空氣呼吸起來感覺如此美好。

高效演練?素養(yǎng)提能

1精題細做提能錘煉素養(yǎng)技能1

提能訓練一閱讀理解障礙詞

I.語境辨義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義

1?（2020?全國卷HI）Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahave

evolvedintobetterdivers,v.進化

2?（2019?江蘇卷）Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsof

yearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.

n.祖先

3?(江蘇卷)Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiantsthatdealindata,

theoilofthedigitalage.n.巨頭

4(2020?江蘇卷)Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)

ratesandtooksamplesoftheirbloodandfattissue,n.樣品

II.熟詞生義——根據(jù)語境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義

1?Tom,acowboyfromthecountryside,isadistantrelativeofthemayor.adj.遠

房的；遠親的

2-IsampledthedelightsofGreekcookingfbrthefirsttime.。.品嘗

3-Theancestorofthemodembicyclewascalledapenny-farthing(前輪大后輪

小的自行車).幾(機器的)原型

4?(2020?天津卷7月)WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshedeclined,

sayingthatshefeltlikewalking?.謝絕

III.一詞多義

1.根據(jù)語境選出characteristic的詞性及含義

A.a4.典型的；獨特的B.〃.特征；特點；品質

(l)Theneedtocommunicateisakeycharacteristicofhumansociety.B

(2)WindmillsareacharacteristicfeatureoftheMallorcanlandscape.A

2.根據(jù)語境選出decline的詞性及含義

A.〃.減少；衰落B.a減少；下降C.a謝絕

(1)1offeredtogivethemaliftbuttheydeclined.C

(2)Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyear.B

(3)Librariesareaninvestmentforthefutureandtheyshouldnotbeallowedtofall

intodecline.A

3.根據(jù)語境選出distant的詞性及含義

A-Q力遙遠的B.。力：不同的

C.。的.冷淡的；疏遠的D.。力.心不在焉的；恍惚的

(l)Therewasadistantlookinhereyes;hermindwasobviouslyonsomething

else.D

(2)Patsoundedverycoldanddistantonthephone.C

(3)Thetimewespenttogetherisnowadistantmemory.A

(4)Theirlifeseemedutterlydistantfromhisown.B

提能訓練二話題微寫作(單元詞匯、句式、語法綜合運用)

1?補全要點句

①我們的祖先在遠古時期就了解了某些種子的特性。(ancestor,primitive,seed,

characteristic)

Ourancestorslearnedaboutthecharacteristicsofcertainseedsinprimitivetimes.

②農(nóng)學家一直做種子遺傳變異的研究工作。(doresearchon)

Agronomistshavebeendoingresearchonseedgeneticvariation.

③毫無疑問這樣做的目的是培育新型種子，提高糧食產(chǎn)量。(sothat…)

Thereisnodoubtthattheydoitsothattheycancultivatenewkindsofseedsand

improvegrainyield.

④這就需要把遺傳學、育種學、分子生物學與進化理論結合起來，對原產(chǎn)于

特定區(qū)域的種子進行研究。(link,evolve,benativeto)

Itisnecessarytolinkgenetics,breeding,molecularbiologytoevolutionarytheory

tostudytheseeds.Thsseedsarenativetospecificregions.

⑤同時，也要對現(xiàn)有品種進行改良，使其產(chǎn)生出更大的效益。(atthesametime,

generate)

Atthesametime,itisnecessarytoimprovetheexistingvarietiestogenerate

greaterbenefits.

2?升級平淡句

⑥將句④改為形容詞短語作定語的句子

Itisnecessarytolinkgenetics,breeding,molecularbiologytoevolutionarytheory

tostudytheseedsnativetospecificregions.

3?銜接成美文(注意使用適當?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：nowadays,therefore)

Onepossibleversion：

Ourancestorslearnedaboutthecharacteristicsofcertainseedsinprimitive

times.Nowadays,agronomistshavebeendoingresearchonseedgenetic

variation.Thereisnodoubtthattheydoitsothattheycancultivatenewkindsofseeds

andimprovegrainyield.Therefore,itisnecessarytolinkgenetics,breeding,

molecularbiologytoevolutionarytheorytostudytheseedsnativetospecific

regions.Atthesametime,itisnecessarytoimprovetheexistingvarietiestogenerate

greaterbenefits.

提能訓練三讀后續(xù)寫23——用形容詞和副詞增加細節(jié)描述

I.翻譯實踐（表示憤怒）

普遍表達：她很生氣。

Shewasveryangry.

一概括描述：用適當?shù)母痹~修飾形容詞

Shefeltterribly/extremelyangry.

一細節(jié)描述：增加憤怒的原因和表現(xiàn)十句型

憤怒的表現(xiàn)：摔門（關）、踢門（開）、沖、說不出話等

句型：so...that…結構、o.?ing形式/o.-ed形式作狀語

其他表憤怒的詞匯：rage/fury（可和with連用）、furiously=angrily

她如此生氣以至于沖出房間，怒氣沖沖地關上門。

Shefeltsoangrythatshestormedoutoftheroom,slammingthedoorangrily

behindher.

她充滿著憤怒，幾乎一句話都說不出來。

Boilingwith/Filledwithrage/anger/fury,shewasbarelyabletosayasingle

word.

11.迷你語料庫（語言描寫——困境中的節(jié)日氣氛）

FireworkslituptheskyaswecelebratedtheChristmas.Thefestivaloflights

providesjoyousmomentsofhopeandunity-despitesocialdistancing.Peoplehave

risenmagnificentlytothechallengesoftheyear,andIamsoproudandmovedby

thisquietandindomitablespirit,whichshonealampofhopeacrosstheworld.

課后達標二知能提升

［考點強化練習以練促學固本I

A卷——小題夯基練

I.語境填詞

1-Thevirushaspreviouslybeendetected（檢測）inanimalsformanyyears,but

thisisthefirstcasewhereitwastransmittedtoahumanbeing.

2-Whatonearthcanweusetogenerate（生產(chǎn)）powerwhenwerunoutofallthe

oilaroundtheworld?

3-Forpeopleinthiscountry,peacewasjustadistanK遙遠的）hope.

4-Asaninternationallanguage,Englishactsasabridgelinking（聯(lián)系）all

countriestogethernowadays.

5-Itisnousecuttingoffthebranchofatreeiftheroots（根）arediseased.

6-Accordingtoscientists,ourmentalabilitiesbegintodecline（下降）fromtheage

of27afterreachingthehighestlevelat22.

7?Snowaidsfarmersbykeepingheatinthelowergroundlevels,therebysaving

theseeds（種子）fromfreezing.

8-Oneofthecharacteristics（特點）thatmakemedifferentfrommanypeopleis

myadaptability.

9-Theworldmovesonbecauseofthosewhoareeagertodiscoverwhattheir

ancestors（祖先）did.

10-Doyouthinkyoucouldpossiblysendmeasample（樣本）ofyournewest

product?

II.詞形轉換和動詞的形式變換（用所給詞的正確形式填空）

1?（2020?全國卷［IDOfflcialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswith

threegenerations（generate）livingtogetherhadrisenfrom325OOOin2001to419000

in2013.

2?Thefactisthatmostpeopledidn'tbelievehistheoryofevolution（evolve）at

thattime.

3-Thegirlissoshythatshelikestokeepherdistance（distant）fromothers.

4-Greatattentionmustbepaidtolinking（link）theorywithpractice.

此固定用法和搭配（在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式）

1-Honestlyspeaking、weallsuspectedtheyoungmantobe/asapickpocket.

2?Howardhasdeclinedtocome（come）andinthatcasewecanasksomebody

else.

3-Ifyouloseyourjob,youllonlyhaveyourselftoblame(blame).

4-Anewroadwouldbeneededtolinkupwiththemainroad.

5?(2019?d匕京卷)Credibilityishardtoeam(earn)buteasytolose(lose),andthe

problemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.

6-ItisanherbnativetoChinathathasbeenusedforcenturiesasasweetener.

7?Afewdaysaftertheinterview,Ireceivedaletteroffering(offer)meadmission

totheuniversity.

8-Itischaracteristicofhimtosaythatinsuchasituation.

IV.完成句子/句型轉換/一句多譯

1?在我看來，一個難以取悅的人一定很難與之共事。

Inmyopinion，amanwhoishardtopleasemustbedifficulttoworkwith.

2?在農(nóng)村工作的那些同志將于后天回來。

Thecomradesworkingicthecountrysidewillcomebackthedayaftertomorrow.

3?Thefellowwassuspectedofkillinghiswife,sohewasquestionedbythe

police.

—Suspectedofkillinghiswife,thefellowwasquestionedbythepolice.(過去分

詞短語作狀語)

4-Nobodywantstomakefriendswiththeboywhoissuspectedofhavingstolen

money.

fNobodywantstomakefriendswiththeboysuspectedofhavingstolen

money.(過去分詞短語作定語)

5?調(diào)查完后，他們把事故歸咎于他。

(l)Aftertheinvestigation,theyblamedhimfortheaccident.(blamev.)

(2)Aftertheinvestigation,theyputtheblameonhimfortheaccident.(blamen.)

(3)Aftertheinvestigation,hewastoblamefortheaccident.(betoblame)

B卷——大題提能練

I.閱讀理解

A

(2021?北京東城區(qū)模擬)MathewWhite,anenvironmentalpsychologist,isona

missiontogiveMotherNaturetherespecthethinksshedeserveswhenitcomesto

humanhealth.Fordecades,scientistsandhealth-careprofessionalshaverecognized

thatexposuretogreenspaces,suchaspublicparksorforests,islinkedwithlowerrisks

ofallsortsofillnessescommonintheworld.Experimentalworkhasdemonstrated

variousphysiologicalresponsesthatoccurwhenpeoplespendtimeinnatural

environments:bloodpressuredrops,heartratedecreases,immunefunctionimproves,

andthenervoussystemdirectsthebodytorestanddigest.

Ashumansincreasinglypopulateurbanizedareas,theyarespendinglessandless

timeinnaturalenvironments."Butbeforedoctorscanstartadvisingtheirpatientsto

headtothenearestpark,thereisanimportantoutstandingquestionsaysWhite.

“Howmuchtimeinnaturedoyouneedtogeneratetheseapparentbenefits?”Most

oftheresearchthathaslinkedhealthoutcomeswithexposuretothenaturalworld

didn'tusefrequencyordurationofparkvisits,butrathertheamountofgreenspace

withinacertaindistanceofaperson'shome.Whitesays?”Butit'snotsomuchwhere

youlive;it*swhetheryouuseitornot.”

Sohecollecteddatatoestimatewhatdose（劑I量）ofnaturewasneededtoshow

benefitstoaperson'shealth.White'sgroupfoundtheanswer:Spendingatleasttwo

hoursinnatureperweekwasstronglycorrelatedwithself-reportsofbeingingood

healthorhavinghighwell-being."Iwasverysurprised,tobehonestsaysWhite,

whohadbeenexpectingamuchlongertime."Wehadnoideathatsuchaclear

thresholdoftimeperweekwouldemergefromthedata.”

Hewasfurthersurprisedtolearnthatitdidn'tseemtomatterhowmanytripstoa

parkpeopletook,solongastheygotintheirtwohoursperweek.Itcouldbealong

visitoneday,acoupleofhour-longtrips,threevisitsof40minutes,orfourhalf-hour

excursions.Heandhiscolleaguesspeculatethat,ifnature'sapparenthealthbenefitsare

aresultofbeingabletode-stress,thenwhateverpatternofgreenspaceexposurefits

one'sscheduleisprobablythebestwaytoachievethatgoal.

Health-carerecommendationsfbrpeopletospendtimeinnatureareprobably

yearsaway,butthemovementhasbegun.Severalorganizationsaroundtheworldare

workingtopromoteawarenessofnature'scontributiontohealth.Someresearchershave

usedtheterm“adoseofnature”toevaluatetheamountofexposureneededtogain

benefits."Thatwaskindofthedeliberatemedicalizationofthelanguagearound

natureandhealthysaysWhite.

【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人們在自然環(huán)境中會產(chǎn)

生各種生理反應：血壓下降、心率下降、免疫功能改善、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)引導身體休息

和消化。每周至少在自然中待上兩個小時與良好的健康狀況或擁有高幸福感的自

我報告密切相關。

1?White'sresearchfocusedon.

A?requiredamountofgreenspace

B.benefitsfromtheexposuretonature

C-necessarytimelengthofnaturevisits

D.physicalresponsestooutdooractivities

C詳細分析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的usaysWhite.Howmuchtimein

naturedoyouneedtogeneratetheseapparentbenefits?'Mostoftheresearchthat

haslinkedhealthoutcomeswithexposuretothenaturalworlddidn*tusefrequencyor

durationofparkvisits,butrathertheamountofgreenspacewithinacertaindistanceof

aperson'shome”可知，對于以前大部分的研究來說，都沒有研究公園的參觀頻率

和持續(xù)時間。由此可推知，懷特的主要研究內(nèi)容就是對于公園綠地的使用頻率和

使用時間。故C項necessarytimelengthofnaturevisits（訪問自然的必要時長）符合

以上推理。故選C。

2?Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"thresholdoftime“inparagraph3probably

mean?

A-Maximumtime.B.Minimumtime.

C-Adequatetime.D.Averagetime.

B詳細分析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“‘Iwasverysurprised,tobe

honestsaysWhite,whohadbeenexpectingamuchlongertime.v可知，原本懷特

是認為大家會花很多時間在大自然中，但是數(shù)據(jù)卻讓他大吃一驚。由此可推知，

人們每周花在大自然中的時間是非常少的。故B項Minimumtime.（最少時間）就是

畫線短語想表達的含義。故選B。

3-Fromthelastparagraph,wecaninferthatWhite.

A?isconfidentabouthismission

B-iswillingtocooperatewithothers

C?haspersuadedotherstoaccepthisidea

D.hasadoptedthetermforhisresearchresult

A詳細分析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的^Someresearchershaveused

theterm'adoseofnature5toevaluatetheamountofexposureneededtogain

benefits.4Thatwaskindofthedeliberatemedicalizationofthelanguagearound

natureandhealth/saysWhite.”可知，懷特對于其他研究人員所得出的結論表

示不贅同。由此可推知，懷特更加相信自己的觀點。故選A。

4-What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A?RespectforNature

B.NatureasMedicine

C?PresentfromNature

D.MissioninNature

B詳細分析：標題歸納題。文章主要介紹了人們在自然環(huán)境中會產(chǎn)生各種

生理反應：血壓下降、心率下降、免疫功能改善、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)引導身體休息和消化。

每周至少在自然中待上兩個小時與良好的健康狀況或擁有高幸福感的自我報告密

切相關。所以B項NatureasMedicine（自然作為藥物）就是本文的最佳標題。故選

Bo

B

（2021?安徽池州質檢）TheWallStreetJournalrecentlypublishedanexcellent

articlepennedbyWendyBoundsonahottopichereatMNN:t