重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟2020-2021學(xué)年高一英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）

重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟20202021學(xué)年高一英語上學(xué)期期末考試試題（含解析）注意:本試卷包含Ⅰ、Ⅱ兩卷。第Ⅰ卷為選擇題，所有答案必須用2B鉛筆涂在答題卡中相應(yīng)的位置。第Ⅱ卷為非選擇題，所有答案必須填在答題卷的相應(yīng)位置。答案寫在試卷上均無效，不予記分。一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題，共分)AManyactorsintheworldarenotconfidentenoughtorefuseanofferfromStevenSpielberg.MaybethatwaswhyJuliettegavehimachoice.Shesaidshe'dbehappytobeinJurassicParkaslongasshecouldplayadinosaur.Ofcourseheturnedherdownanditwasprobablyagoodthing.It'sdifficulttoimagineJuliettetearingpeopleapartwithherteeth.However,herdecisiondoesn'tseemtohavedonehercareeranyharm.Shehasgoneontomakeastringofhits,includingTheUnbearableLightnessofBeing,TheEnglishPatient(forwhichshewonanOscar)andChocolat.ItisnotsoeasytobesuccessfulintheUnitedStatesforotherforeignstars.Aaronisagoodexample.WhilesomeofhisfilmshavebeenpopularintheUS,theyhaveusuallybeenFrenchfilmsthattraveled.OnepossibleexceptionwasGreenCard,directedbyPeterWeir,whereheplaysaFrenchimmigrant(移民)whogoesthroughafakeweddinginordertostayandworkintheUnitedStates.Thisisapredictablebutsweetromanticedywhichtypecasts(使模式化)itsleadactorsintermsofnationalstereotypes(陳規(guī)陋習(xí)).Whilesomereviewerswerekind,othersshreddedboththefilmandAaron'sperformance.1.WhatdoweknowfromParagraph1?A.Juliettetorepeopleapartwithherteeth.B.JulietterefusedanofferfromStevenSpielberg.C.JuliettewasnotconfidenttoplayinJurassicPark.D.JulietteexactlywantedtoplayadinosaurforStevenSpielberg.2.WhatdoweknowaboutAaron?A.HeisanAmericanactor.B.HeisanimmigrantfromFrance.C.MostofhisfilmsareFrench.D.HisfilmsweremadeinAmerica,butwellreceivedinFrance.3.Whatisthemeaningofthelastsentenceofthepassage?A.Allofhisfilmsareimpressive.B.Hisfilmsarequiteinteresting.C.HisfilmsarepopularinAmerica.D.Notallreviewerslikehisfilms.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了Juliette和Aaron兩個(gè)演員及他們在電影方面的表現(xiàn)?！?題詳解】推斷判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ManyactorsintheworldarenotconfidentenoughtorefuseanofferfromStevenSpielberg.MaybethatwaswhyJuliettegavehimachoice.Shesaidshe'dbehappytobeinJurassicParkaslongasshecouldplayadinosaur.Ofcourseheturnedherdownanditwasprobablyagoodthing.”（世界上許多演員都沒有足夠的信心拒絕史蒂文·斯皮爾伯格的邀請。也許這就是朱麗葉給他選擇的原因。她說只要她能扮演恐龍，她就很高興能在侏羅紀(jì)公園里當(dāng)演員。當(dāng)然，他拒絕了她，這可能是件好事。）可知Juliette給了Spielberg一個(gè)選擇，讓自己出演恐龍，當(dāng)然這是不可能的，言外之意就是Juliette拒絕了Spielberg的邀請。故選B項(xiàng)。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“WhilesomeofhisfilmshavebeenpopularintheUS,theyhaveusuallybeenFrenchfilmsthattraveled.”（雖然他的一些電影在美國很受歡迎，但通常都是法國電影）可知，Aaron演的大部分電影是法國電影。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whilesomereviewerswerekind,othersshreddedboththefilmandAaron'sperformance.”（雖然有些評論家很和藹可親，但其他人卻對這部電影和亞倫的表演一笑置之。）可知，While置于句首引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可知主句的意思應(yīng)該與從句相反，故可推斷出不是所有的評論家都喜歡他的電影。故選D項(xiàng)。BAccordingtoanewUSstudy,coupleswhoexpecttheirchildrentolookaftertheminoldageshouldhopetheyhavedaughtersbecausedaughtersaretwiceasattentiveassonsoverall.TheresearchbyAngelinaGrigoryeva,fromPrincetonUniversity,foundthat,whilewomenprovideasmuchcarefortheirelderlyparentsastheycanmanage,mendoaslittleastheycantogetawaywithandoftenleaveittofemalefamilymembers.Heranalysisofthefamilynetworksof26,000oldAmericansconcludedthatgender(性別)isoneofthemostimportantthingsthatdecidewhetherornotpeoplewillactivelycarefortheirelderlyparents.InapaperpresentedattheannualconferenceoftheAmericanSociologicalAssociationinSanFrancisco,sheconcludesthatsimplyhavingasistermakesmenlikelyprovidelesscare.UsingdatafromtheUniversityofMichiganHealthandRetirementStudy,astudywhichhasbeentrackingacrosssectionofover50sforthelastdecade,shecalculatedthatwomenprovideanaverageof12.3hoursamonthofcareforelderlyparentswhilemenofferonly5.6hours."Sonsreducetheirrelativecaregivingeffortswhentheyhaveasister,whiledaughtersincreasetheirswhentheyhaveabrother.""Thissuggeststhatsonspassonparentcaregivingresponsibilitiestotheirsisters."IntheUK,the2011Census(人口普查)showedthattherearenowaround6.5millionpeoplewithcaringresponsibilities,afigurewhichhasrisenbyatenthinadecade.Butmanyaredoingsoattheriskoftheirhealth.Thecensusshowedthatthosewhoprovide50hoursormoreofcareaweekwhiletryingtoholddownafulltimejobarethreetimesmorelikelytobestrugglingwithillhealththantheirworkingcounterparts(同事)whoarenotcarers.4.Accordingtothefindingoftheresearch,fromwhichofthefollowingfamilieswilltheoldprobablyenjoyedthebestcare?A.Theparentswithtwosons.B.Theparentswithonedaughter.C.Theparentswithtwodaughters.D.Theparentswithonedaughterandoneson.5.Howdidtheresearchersetotheconclusion?A.Bygivingoutsomequestionnaires.B.BytrackingsomeoftheAmericanfamilies.C.Bydoingsomeresearchonanursinghome.D.ByanalyzingsomeoftheAmericanfamilynetworks.6.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.AngelinaledthestudyofHealthandRetirementStudy.B.Angelinaanalyzedvariousdataandresearchestogetthefinding.C.CaringresponsibilitiesareaheavyburdentomostAmericans.D.Mostmalefamilieswillnottakeontheresponsibilityoflookingaftertheold.7.Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraph?A.Manycareprovidersworklongerhoursthanothers.B.Peopleshouldgiveuptheirjobtocarefortheelderly.C.Peopleshouldn'tpassoncaringresponsibilitiestoothers.D.Manycareprovidersmighthavepotentialhealthproblems.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。研究表明在照顧年邁的父母方面，性別差異影響著子女照顧父母時(shí)間的長短。其中女兒比兒子更愿意付出時(shí)間照顧年邁的父母。家中有姐妹的男士常常將照顧父母的責(zé)任推給姐妹。但是很多承擔(dān)照顧父母的責(zé)任的子女自身都有潛在的健康問題。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“whilewomenprovideasmuchcarefortheirelderlyparentsastheycanmanage,mendoaslittleastheycantogetawaywithandoftenleaveittofemalefamilymembers.”可知，女性盡其所能照顧年邁的父母，而男性則盡其所能照顧年邁的父母，往往把這一工作留給女性家庭成員，由此可知，女性更會(huì)照顧父母，所以老年人在有兩個(gè)女兒的家庭中會(huì)得到最好的照顧。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Heranalysisofthefamilynetworksof26,000oldAmericans”她對26000名美國老年人的家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了分析可知，研究者通過分析一些美國家庭系統(tǒng)得出的結(jié)論。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Heranalysisofthefamilynetworksof26,000oldAmericans”她對26000名美國老年人的家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行了分析；第四段“astudywhichhasbeentrackingacrosssectionofover50sforthelastdecade,shecalculatedthatwomenprovideanaverageof12.3hoursamonthofcareforelderlyparentswhilemenofferonly5.6hours.”在過去十年里，她對50多歲的人進(jìn)行了橫斷面跟蹤研究。她計(jì)算出，女性平均每月為年邁的父母提供12.3個(gè)小時(shí)的照顧，而男性只提供5.6個(gè)小時(shí)。可知，安吉麗娜通過分析了各種數(shù)據(jù)和研究來得到這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“thosewhoprovide50hoursormoreofcareaweekwhiletryingtoholddownafulltimejobarethreetimesmorelikelytobestrugglingwithillhealththantheirworkingcounterparts(同事)whoarenotcarers.”那些每周要提供50個(gè)小時(shí)或更長時(shí)間的護(hù)理而又試圖保持一份全職工作的人，患健康問題的可能性是非護(hù)理者的三倍。可知，許多護(hù)理提供者可能有潛在的健康問題。故選D項(xiàng)。CHowdoyoulikeyourmilk:cookedorraw?Itmaysoundastrangequestion,butit’sbeingaskedmoreoftenatkitchentables,grocerystoresandfarmers’marketsacrosstheUS.Thevastmajorityofmilkwedrinkisheattreatedtokilloffharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌).Rawmilk,ontheotherhand,goesstraighttobottle.Fanscallitmilkasnatureintended:nutrientrichandfullofagoodkindofbacteria.Somefansgofurther,callingitasuperfoodthataidsdigestion(消化),benefitstheimmunesystemandtreatssomediseases.Anincreasingnumberofpeopleagree.Forhealthconscious,organiclovingshoppers,rawmilkisagrowingfoodtrend.Theyfeeluneasyatthethoughtofheatedmilksittingundersupermarketlighting.Butdespitetheenthusiasm,it’satrendwithaterribleside.Pasteurization(加熱殺菌)isareason—it’shighlyeffectiveatkillingsomeharmfulthingsthatcanhangaroundinthebodyofevenhealthycows.Rawmilk,ontheotherhand,reliesheavilyontheskillofthefarmertoavoidthem.Rawmilkillnesseshaveincreasedasmorepeopledrinkit.Between2010and2019,rawmilkandrawmilkcheesecausedthevastmajority(96%)ofallillnesseslinkedtodairyproducts.Consideringfarfewerpeopleconsumeit,thatmakesunpasteurizeddairy840timesmoreriskythanpasteurized.TherecentdeathsoftwopeoplewhoaterawmilkcheesemadeinNewYorkunderscoredthesometimesdeadlyconsequences.Andforyoungchildren,whoseunderdevelopedimmunesystemsmakethemmorevulnerable(易受傷害的),thedangersofrawmilkmakeithardtoremend.8.Whydoesmostmilkthatpeopledrinkisheattreated?A.Toaddsomeusefulbacteria.B.Tomakeittastemoredelicious.C.Tomakeitsaferforpeopletodrink.D.Tomakeithaveabetterappearance.9.Whichofthefollowingisareasonforrawmilknotbeingaccepted?A.It’snotgoodforpeople’shealth.B.Itmaycontainsomethingharmful.C.It’softenputundermarketlighting.D.Itesfromunhealthycows.10.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health.C.Education. D.Politics.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.BenefitsofRawMilkB.HowtoTelltheQualityofMilkC.ReasonsforChoosingHeatedMilkD.RawMilk:aSuperFoodorSuperRisk?【答案】8.C9.B10.B11.D【解析】本文是說明文，主要介紹了我們喝的絕大多數(shù)牛奶都經(jīng)過熱處理以殺死有害細(xì)菌，對于注重健康、熱愛有機(jī)食品的購物者來說，生牛奶是一種日益增長的食品趨勢，但這種趨勢也有可怕的一面，生牛奶疾病也越來越多。8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thevastmajorityofmilkwedrinkisheattreatedtokilloffharmfulbacteria...benefitstheimmunesystemandtreatssomediseases.”(我們喝的絕大多數(shù)牛奶都經(jīng)過熱處理以殺死有害細(xì)菌...有益于免疫系統(tǒng)和治療一些疾病。)可知，大多數(shù)人喝的牛奶都是經(jīng)過熱處理的原因是為了讓人們喝牛奶更安全。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Rawmilkillnesseshaveincreasedasmorepeopledrinkit.”(隨著越來越多的人喝生牛奶，生牛奶疾病也越來越多)可知，生奶不被接受的原因是它可能包含有害的東西。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了我們喝的絕大多數(shù)牛奶都經(jīng)過加熱殺菌，生牛奶是一種日益增長的食品趨勢，但這種趨勢也有可怕的一面，生牛奶疾病也越來越多，這屬于健康飲食范疇，因此這篇文章可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的健康版面。故選B項(xiàng)。【11題詳解】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了我們喝的絕大多數(shù)牛奶都經(jīng)過熱處理以殺死有害細(xì)菌，對于注重健康、熱愛有機(jī)食品的購物者來說，生牛奶是一種日益增長的食品趨勢，但這種趨勢也有可怕的一面，生牛奶疾病也越來越多。因此這篇課文最好的標(biāo)題是：生牛奶:超級食物還是超級風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？故選D項(xiàng)。DPutfive,eight,twelveormorepeopletogetherinaroom,andit’sagameofluckastohowwellthey’llfunctionasateam.Thelargerthegroup,themoredifficultitbees.It’salotlikediningoutwithabunchoffriends.Wheretogo?Italian?Vegetarian?Steakhouse?Eachpersonhastheirownappetite,whichcanmakecreatinga“sharedinterest”extremelychallenging.Sharedinterestisthelifebloodofteams,andonlythemostsuccessfulpaniesknowhowtofosterit.Buthow?“ProjectAristotle”,anexperimentledbyAbeerDubey,amanagerinGoogle’sPeopleAnalyticsdivisionwasconductedin2012todiscoverhowtobuildthe“perfectteam.”Afteryearsofanalyzingdataandinterviewsfrommorethan180teamsacrossthepany,Googlefoundthattheindividualpersonalitiesinateamarenotsorelevant.“Wehadlotsofdata,buttherewasnothingshowingthatamixofspecificpersonalitytypesorskillsorbackgroundsmadeanydifference.The‘who’partoftheequationdidn’tseemtomatter,”DubeysaidinaninterviewwithTheNewYorkTimes.Instead,theresearchersfoundthattherewerefivekeycharacteristicsofenhancedteams:Psychologicalsafety:Everyonefeelssafeintakingrisks,andthattheywon’tbeembarrassedorpunishedfordoingso.Dependability:Everyonepletesqualityworkontime.Structureandclarity:Everyoneknowswhattheirspecificexpectationsare.Theseexpectationsmustbechallengingyetattainable.Meaning:Everyonehasasenseofpurposeintheirwork,forexample,supportingfamily.Impact:Everyoneseesthattheresultoftheirworkactuallycontributestotheorganization’soverallgoals.WhileGoogle’sfindingsmaybetruetosomeextent,alargenumberofscientificstudieshavecausedresearchersoutsideofGoogle’slabtoshockinglydisagree.ThomasChamorroPremuzic,aprofessorofbusinesspsychologyatColumbiaUniversityandauthorofthebook“WhyDoSoManyInpetentMenBeeLeaders?”andpsychologistDaveWinsboroughareamongthem.Theybothclaimthatpersonality,inparticular,heavilyaffectstheroleofanindividualwithinateamandisindeedasignificantfactorinwhatmakesateamsuccessful.Researchersfoundthatthepoorestperformingteamswere100percent“pragmatic”(講求實(shí)效的)andhad0percent‘relationshipbuilding’traits.“Toooften,organizationsfocusmerelyonthefunctionalroleandhopethatgoodteamperformancesomehowfollows,”ChamorroPremuzicandWinsboroughcowroteinaHarvardBusinessReviewarticle.“Thisiswhyeventhemostexpensiveprofessionalsportsteamsoftenfailtoperformaccordingtotheindividualtalentsofeachplayer:Thereisnopsychologicalsynergy(協(xié)作).Amoreeffectiveapproachfocusesasmuchonpeople’spersonalitiesasontheirskills.”12.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleof“diningout”?A.Toemphasizethechallengesofcreatingamoninterest.B.Tocaterforthedifferenttastesofpeoplefromallwalksoflife.C.Tostresstheimportanceofdifferentindividualsinteams.D.Togetmoredifferentpeopleinvolvedinbuildingateam.13.WhatmightbetheleastdecidingfactorofaperfectteamaccordingtoGoogle’slab?A.Dependability. B.Asenseofpurpose.C.Psychologicalsafety. D.Individualpersonalities.14.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whydothemostexpensiveprofessionalsportsteamsfailtoperform?A.Becausetheycaremoreabouttheresult. B.Becausetheyarenottalentedenough.C.Becausetheylackrelationshipbuilding. D.Becausetheyarevagueabouttheirroles.15.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.Bymakingbasicassumptions. B.Bygivingalotofdetailedexamples.C.Byanalyzingcausesandeffects. D.Bypresentingcontradictoryfindings.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章用很多具體實(shí)例說明了尋找到隊(duì)員的共性，是團(tuán)隊(duì)成功的關(guān)鍵?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thelargerthegroup,themoredifficultitbees.It’salotlikediningoutwithabunchoffriends.Wheretogo?Italian?Vegetarian?Steakhouse?Eachpersonhastheirownappetite,whichcanmakecreatinga“sharedinterest”extremelychallenging.”可知，隊(duì)伍中人數(shù)越多，就越難找到共性。就像是朋友出去聚餐，眾口難調(diào)，人越多越難確定大家都喜歡的食物。由此推知，此處舉聚餐的例子來強(qiáng)調(diào)在團(tuán)隊(duì)中創(chuàng)造共同利益的挑戰(zhàn)性，故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Googlefoundthattheindividualpersonalitiesinateamarenotsorelevant.”可知，Google發(fā)現(xiàn)團(tuán)隊(duì)中的個(gè)人性格并不是那么重要，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Researchersfoundthatthepoorestperformingteamswere100percent“pragmatic”(講求實(shí)效的)andhad0percent‘relationshipbuilding’traits.”（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)表現(xiàn)最糟的團(tuán)隊(duì)，只講求實(shí)效，一點(diǎn)都不關(guān)注人際關(guān)系的創(chuàng)建。）和“Thisiswhyeventhemostexpensiveprofessionalsportsteamsoftenfailtoperformaccordingtotheindividualtalentsofeachplayer:Thereisnopsychologicalsynergy(協(xié)作).”（這就是為什么甚至最昂貴的專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)常常失敗的原因：沒有心理協(xié)同）可知，最昂貴的專業(yè)團(tuán)隊(duì)失敗是因?yàn)?，組織者忽略了隊(duì)員心理上的協(xié)作，不關(guān)注人際關(guān)系的建設(shè)。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。分析全文可知，作者列舉了大量的實(shí)例來對文章主題進(jìn)行說明，如第一段的多人共同就餐的例子，第三段中的“ProjectAristotle亞里士多德項(xiàng)目”，和最后一段的只講求實(shí)效不注重人際關(guān)系建設(shè)的團(tuán)隊(duì)失敗的例子。故選B。二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Ifyouonlyhadoneminute,orevenjust20seconds,toestablishagoodrelationshipwithsomeoneyou?venevermetbefore,howwouldyoudoit?HerearethreeA?sthatyoumayfindhelpful.AwarenessGettingalongwithothersrequiresanawarenessofthreethingstheenvironment,time,andthepersonyouaremeeting.______16______.Thesetting(e.g.,achurchversusagym)decideshowyoumunicateandevenwhatyoushouldwear.Timeisalsoimportant.Doyouhavehours,minutes,orjustseconds?Thelessyouhave,themoreyouneedtothinkaboutwhatyouwillsayandhowyouwillsayit.Whileanawarenessofthesettingandtimeisimportant,soisourawarenessofothers.Ourimmediateassessmentofothers,theirmoodandemotionalstate,contributestogettingalong.Approachingsomeonewhentheyarestressedmaynotbethebestthingtodo.______17______.AcceptanceSinceancienttimes,thewisehavesaid,"WheninRome,doastheRomansdo."Thisisespeciallytrueinforeigncountries.______18______.Changehowyoudothings,howyoudress,howyougreet,howyoutalk,sothatyouwillfitin.Don?tresistanddon?tinsistthatyouhavethingsyourway,orthatyouknowbetter.Itis,oncemore,notaboutyou.Itisabouttwothingsthesettingandfittinginwithothers.Respectthebeliefs,norms,customs,andpracticesofthoseyouwishtoengage.Mirrorthosearoundyou.It?sthesecretthatwisemenhaveusedsinceancienttimes.______19______.Approachable___20___.Smilingworkstoapoint,butyoumustmakewelingeyecontact.Yourbodylanguageshouldsay,"Iamfriendlyandapproachable."A.ItisnodifferenttodayB.YouneedtorespondwithasmileC.AnditalsoappliesintheothersettingsD.AnawarenessoftheenvironmentgivesyouaheadstartE.Instead,waitingjustahalfhourcanmakeallthedifferenceF.Ifyouwanttobelikedorfitin,youmustbebothaccessibleandfriendlyG.Butwecan?texpectotherstodoforuswhatweshouldbedoingforourselves【答案】16.D17.E18.C19.A20.F【解析】本文是說明文。主要介紹了與人打交道的三個(gè)原則：意識，接受，平易近人?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Gettingalongwithothersrequiresanawarenessofthreethingstheenvironment,time,andthepersonyouaremeeting.”(和人打交道時(shí)需要注意的三個(gè)因素:環(huán)境、時(shí)間以及打交道的人?？芍酉聛響?yīng)該是對這三要素進(jìn)行闡述。D項(xiàng)“Anawarenessoftheenvironmentgivesyouaheadstart”(交往中的環(huán)境意識可以給你一個(gè)良好的開端)符合文意，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Approachingsomeonewhentheyarestressedmaynotbethebestthingtodo.”(在他人心情不好時(shí)接近人家可不是一個(gè)好主意。)所以接下來要應(yīng)是告訴我們正確的做法，E項(xiàng)“Instead,waitingjustahalfhourcanmakeallthedifference”(相反，等半個(gè)小時(shí)，情況則可能不一樣。)可知與前文的錯(cuò)誤做法是相反關(guān)系，符合語境，故選E。【18題詳解】根據(jù)空前“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Thisisespeciallytrueinforeigncountries.”(入鄉(xiāng)隨俗對身處異國他鄉(xiāng)的人尤其適用)可知，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗除了適用于國外還適用于別的場合。再根據(jù)空后“Changehowyoudothings,howyoudress,howyougreet,howyoutalk.”（改變你做事的方式、衣服，問候方式以及交流方式）具體舉例適用于哪些場合，C項(xiàng)“Anditalsoappliesintheothersettings”(這個(gè)原則也可以用到別的場合)，是對上文補(bǔ)充和說明，符合語境，選項(xiàng)中的it指的就是上文提到的“入鄉(xiāng)隨俗”這個(gè)原則，故選C。【19題詳解】根據(jù)空前“It?sthesecretthatwisemenhaveusedsinceancienttimes.”(自古以來，明智的人都會(huì)這樣做)，A項(xiàng)“Itisnodifferenttoday”(如今也不例外)，與前句是對比關(guān)系，符合語境。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題Approachable和后文“Smilingworkstoapoint”（笑容起作用。）以及“friendlyandapproachable.”（友好和平易近人）可知，本段是在具體講述“平易近人”原則。F項(xiàng)“Ifyouwanttobelikedorfitin,youmustbebothaccessibleandfriendly”(如果你想被人喜歡或者融入環(huán)境，你就得顯得平易近人)與小標(biāo)題是總分關(guān)系，符合文意，故選F。三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共分)Growingflowersfromseedsneedsbothphysicalworkandselfcontrol.Onemusttakecareoftheseeds,andmakesuretheygetwateredon___21___basisandbelievetheywillactuallyproduceflowersbeautifully.Thus,___22___beautifulflowerswithoutmistakesisamiracle（奇跡），whichneedstobefed,___23___andhardwork.Howdoesthesamething___24___inlife?ThemiracleIdreamedofwastobeeanexcellent___25___.Iwould,tobehonest,sitinfrontmotivationalspeakersastheyspoke,___26___oneofthemwouldspotsomethingvaluableinmeandencouragemetofollowmy___27___.Ineithersaidanythingnordidanything____28____wish.Thenoneday,ImetaprofessionalspeakerataconferenceIattended.HetoldmetheNationalSpeakersAssociation___29___helpswhoevermakesuphismindtostartprofessionalspeakingbusinesses.Theirclubwastwohours'driveawayfrommyhome,andexpensive,butIwasvery____30____tohearofit.Frankly,itdidn'tmattertobe____31____ortopayit.IjoineditandmademyfirstspeechbutI____32____halfway.IgotsoangryatmyselfthataftergettinghomeIlockedmyselfinmyhometo____33____makingspeechesforthreedays.AndI____34____figuredoutwhatIwouldspeakonandthentriedtoimprovemyspeaking_____35_____.Istucktoitandsincerelysaidthankstowhoever____36____myshortings.Allthetime,Istoppedthenegativevoiceinmyheadfrom____37____me.Nowfiveyearspassed,anda(n）____38____wasworked.Attheageof53,Ibecameaprofessionalspeakeratlast.Whatmiracleareyouhopingfor?Whatseeddoyoumeanto____39____andthenwaterit,togrowyourmiracle?Ifyouhaven'tstarted,remembertodoitnow,andthe____40____,thebetter.21.A.new B.regular C.enjoyable D.firm22.A.watering B.enjoying C.observing D.harvesting23.A.caredfor B.sweptup C.putaside D.pickedout24.A.achieve B.appear C.live D.improve25.A.receiver B.representative C.speaker D.editor26.A.informing B.foreseeing C.arranging D.wishing27.A.task B.dream C.heart D.bravery28.A.until B.so C.but D.as29.A.really B.partly C.seriously D.perfectly30.A.excited B.eager C.unwilling D.positive31.A.difficult B.anxious C.unreasonable D.inconvenient32.A.lost B.started C.quitted D.fastened33.A.practice B.finish C.enjoy D.approve34.A.slowly B.finally C.instantly D.constantly35.A.skills B.impressions C.energies D.opportunities36.A.tookup B.pointedout C.leftout D.brokedown37.A.rejecting B.applying C.approving D.disturbing38.A.miracle B.description C.collection D.barrier39.A.use B.conclude C.handle D.plant40.A.easier B.more C.sooner D.shorter【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.B25.C26.D27.B28.C29.A30.A31.D32.C33.A34.B35.A36.B37.D38.A39.D40.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者說種花需要信念，需要小心呵護(hù)才能創(chuàng)造奇跡，這與努力工作有著相同的道理。本文作者主要講述了自己如何創(chuàng)造奇跡，如何努力地成為一名職業(yè)的演講人?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必須照顧這些種子，確保定期給它們澆水，并相信它們會(huì)開出美麗的花朵。A.new新的；B.regular有規(guī)律的；C.enjoyable令人愉快的；D.firm堅(jiān)定的。根據(jù)常識可知，種花需要定期地澆水。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，能毫無差錯(cuò)地收獲美麗的花朵是一個(gè)奇跡，種花需要喂養(yǎng)，需要呵護(hù)，需要辛勤的勞動(dòng)。A.watering給……澆水；B.enjoying喜歡，享受；C.observing觀察；D.harvesting收獲。根據(jù)上文“Onemusttakecareoftheseeds,andmakesuretheygetwateredon___1___basis”可知，種花需要悉心照顧，定期澆水，因此能毫無差錯(cuò)地收獲美麗的花朵是一個(gè)奇跡。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：因此，能毫無差錯(cuò)地收獲美麗的花朵是一個(gè)奇跡，種花需要喂養(yǎng)，需要呵護(hù)，需要辛勤的勞動(dòng)。A.caredfor照顧，關(guān)心；B.sweptup清掃；C.putaside把……放在一旁；D.pickedout挑選。根據(jù)上文“Onemusttakecareoftheseeds”可知，此處對應(yīng)的信息詞是“takecareof”，因此carefor（照顧）符合語境。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同樣的事情如何出現(xiàn)在生活中？A.achieve完成，獲得；B.appear出現(xiàn)；C.live居住，生活；D.improve提高，改善。下文指生活中出現(xiàn)的類似于種花的同樣的事情。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我夢想的奇跡就是成為一名出色的演說家。A.receiver接收者；B.representative代表；C.speaker演講者，說話者；D.editor編輯。根據(jù)下文“Ibecameaprofessionalspeakeratlast.”可知，此處是信息詞speaker的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：說實(shí)話，當(dāng)他們演講時(shí)，我就坐在他們面前，希望其中有人能發(fā)現(xiàn)我身上有什么有價(jià)值的東西，并鼓勵(lì)我追隨自己的夢想。A.informing通知；B.foreseeing預(yù)見，預(yù)知；C.arranging安排；D.wishing希望，祝愿。根據(jù)下文“Ineithersaidanythingnordidanything____8____wish.”，可知，此處指作者在聽著那些演講者說的話，希望有人能看出自己的價(jià)值。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：說實(shí)話，當(dāng)他們演講時(shí)，我就坐在他們面前，希望其中有人能發(fā)現(xiàn)我身上有什么有價(jià)值的東西，并鼓勵(lì)我追隨自己的夢想。A.task任務(wù)；B.dream夢想；C.heart心；D.bravery勇敢。根據(jù)上文“ThemiracleIdreamedof”可知，作者希望有人能鼓勵(lì)自己追逐夢想。故選B。【28題詳解】考查并列連詞辨析。句意：除了許愿，我什么也沒說，什么也沒做。A.until直到；B.so因此；C.but但是；D.as隨著。根據(jù)neither…nor…可知，空處需填but，表示“除了”。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他告訴我，全國演講協(xié)會(huì)真的能幫助那些決心開始專業(yè)演講事業(yè)的人。A.really真正地；B.partly部分地；C.seriously嚴(yán)重地；D.perfectly完美地。根據(jù)“helpswhoevermakesuphismindtostartprofessionalspeakingbusinesses.”可知，全國演講協(xié)會(huì)真的會(huì)幫助到像作者這樣決心成為一名演講者的人。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的俱樂部離我家有兩個(gè)小時(shí)的車程，而且很貴，但是聽到這個(gè)消息我還是很興奮。A.excited感到興奮的；B.eager渴望的；C.unwilling不愿意的；D.positive積極的。But前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，上文提到“離家很遠(yuǎn)，并且很貴”，下文應(yīng)該表示，作者還是感到很興奮。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：坦率地說，不方便或付款并不重要。A.difficult困難；B.anxious焦慮的；C.unreasonable不講道理的；D.inconvenient不方便的。根據(jù)上文“Theirclubwastwohours'driveawayfrommyhome”可知，作者到達(dá)俱樂部很不方便。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我參加了它，并發(fā)表了我的第一次演講，但我中途退出了。A.lost失去；B.started開始；C.quitted放棄；D.fastened系牢，使固定。But前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，上文提到“Ijoinedit”，根據(jù)下文中的“halfway”可知是中途退出了。故選C。【33題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我對自己很生氣，回到家后我把自己鎖在家里練習(xí)了三天演講。A.practice練習(xí)；B.finish完成；C.enjoy喜歡，享受；D.approve認(rèn)可，贊同。根據(jù)“makingspeechesforthreedays.”可知，作者把自己鎖在家里三天是為了練習(xí)演講。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我終于弄清楚了要說些什么，然后努力提高我的演講技巧。A.slowly緩慢地；B.finally最終；C.instantly立即，馬上；D.constantly經(jīng)常地，不斷地。在練習(xí)之后，作者最終清楚了自己要說些什么。故選B。【35題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我終于弄清楚了要說些什么，然后努力提高我的演講技巧。A.skills技巧；B.impressions印象；C.energies精力，能量；D.opportunities機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)“triedtoimprove”可知，此處表示提升演講技巧。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我堅(jiān)持了下來，并真誠地對指出我缺點(diǎn)的人表示了感謝。A.tookup占據(jù)，從事；B.pointedout指出；C.leftout省略，不考慮；D.brokedown分解，損壞。對于任何人指出自己的缺點(diǎn)，作者都表示感謝。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一直以來，我都不讓消極的聲音干擾我。A.rejecting拒絕，抵制；B.applying申請；C.approving認(rèn)可，贊成；D.disturbing打擾。根據(jù)“Istoppedthenegativevoice”可知，作者不讓消極的因素干擾自己。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在五年過去了，奇跡出現(xiàn)了。A.miracle奇跡；B.description描述；C.collection收集；D.barrier障礙。根據(jù)上文“ThemiracleIdreamedof”可知，此處是信息詞miracle的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A。【39題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你想要種下什么種子，然后澆灌它，來產(chǎn)生你的奇跡？A.use使用；B.conclude總結(jié)；C.handle處理；D.plant種植。根據(jù)上文“Growingflowersfromseeds”可知，此處表示種植種子。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：如果你還沒有開始，記住現(xiàn)在就開始，越快越好。A.easier更容易的；B.more更多的；C.sooner更快的；D.shorter更短的。根據(jù)“Ifyouhaven'tstarted,remembertodoitnow,”可知，作者認(rèn)為有想做的事情就要付諸行動(dòng)，越快越好。故選C。四、閱讀填空(本大題共1小題，共分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。UnluckilyformysonJoey,hewasbornwithtwodiseasedfeet.Thedoctorsaidthathewouldbeabletowalkwith______41______(treat)butwouldneverrunverywell.Thefirstthreeyearsofhislife______42______(spend)inhospital.BythetimeJoeywaseight,hecouldwalkas______43______(normal)asothers.Childreninourneighborhoodalwaysranaroundduringtheirplay,______44______Joeywouldrunandplay,too.Intheseventhgrade,hedecidedtojointheschoolrunningteam.______45______(know)thatonlythetopsevenrunnerswouldbechosen,hetrained______46______(hard)thananyoneelse.Heranfour______47______fivemileseveryday,evenwhenhehadafever.Oneday,Iwenttoseehimandfoundhimrunningaloneintheplayground.Iaskedhim______48______hefelt.“I’mOK,”hesaid.Hestillhadtwomoremiles______49______(run).Sohekeptrunning.Twoweekslater,theseventeammemberswerepickedout,among_______50_______Joeywasnumbersix.Joey’seffortspaidoff.Iwasveryproudofhim.【答案】41.treatment42.werespent43.normally44.and45.Knowing46.harder47.to48.how49.torun50.whom【解析】【分析】本文是記敘文，作者的兒子喬伊在出生的時(shí)候腳就有疾病，但是喬伊沒有放棄，一直訓(xùn)練跑步，最終成功加入校隊(duì)，作者為兒子感到自豪。

【41題詳解】考查名詞。句意：醫(yī)生說，經(jīng)過治療，他現(xiàn)在可以走路了，但跑步就不行了。根據(jù)句意，此處表示治療，需要用名詞形式作介詞with的賓語，表抽象意義，不可數(shù)，故填treatment。

【42題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：他生命的頭三年都在醫(yī)院度過。根據(jù)前文的was，可知此處是描述過去的事情，需要用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。本句主語是Thefirstthreeyears，謂語動(dòng)詞是spend，主謂之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填werespent。

【43題詳解】考查副詞。句意：在喬伊8歲的時(shí)候，他能像其他人一樣正常地走路了。此處需要用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞walk，故填normally。

【44題詳解】考查連詞。句意：我們社區(qū)的孩子們在玩耍的時(shí)候總是跑來跑去，喬伊也會(huì)跑著玩。根據(jù)后文的too，可知前文社區(qū)的孩子們跑和喬伊跑是并列關(guān)系，所以用and連接，故填and。

【45題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：他知道只有前七名選手會(huì)被選中，所以他比任何人都更努力地訓(xùn)練。句中已有謂語trained，且句中無連詞，所以know使用非謂語形式，know的邏輯主語是he，兩者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，需要用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，故填Knowing。

【46題詳解】考查比較級。句意：他知道只有前七名選手會(huì)被選中，所以他比任何人都更努力地訓(xùn)練。根據(jù)后文的than，可知此處用副詞比較級，故填harder。

【47題詳解】考查介詞。句意：他每天跑四到五英里。此處表示范圍，表示幾到幾，用介詞to，故填to。

【48題詳解】考查連接詞。句意：我問他感受如何。根據(jù)后文回答“I'mOK”，可知此處表示詢問身體怎么樣，用how，故填how。

【49題詳解】考查不定式。句意：他仍然有兩英里要跑。分析可知，動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，用不定式表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故填torun。

【50題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：兩周后，七名隊(duì)員被挑選出來，喬伊是第六名。本句是非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞members（指人）并在從句中作介詞among的賓語，故填whom。

五、任務(wù)型讀寫(本大題共2小題，共分)51.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。OldManDonovanwasameanmanwhohatedchildren.Hethrewrocksatthemandevenshotatthemwithashotgun.