2018年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題詳細(xì)解析第三套

...wd......wd......wd...2017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕PartI

Writing

(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Helpothers,andyouwillbehelpedwhenyouareinneed〞youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartII

ListeningComprehension

(30minutes)說明：由于2017年12月六級考試全國共考了2套聽力，本套真題聽力與前2套聽力內(nèi)容完全一致，只是順序不一樣，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。PartIII

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ManyEuropeancountrieshavebeenmakingtheshifttoelectricvehiclesandGermanyhasjuststatedthattheyplantobanthesaleofvehiclesusinggasolineanddieselasfuelby2030.Thecountryisalsoplanningtoreduceitscarbonfootprintby80-95%by2050,___26___ashifttogreenenergyinthecountry.Effectively,thebanwillincludetheregistrationofnewcarsinthecountryastheywillnotallowanygasoline___27___vehicletoberegisteredafter2030.Partofthereasonthisbanisbeingdiscussedand___28___isbecauseenergyofficialsseethattheywillnotreachtheiremissionsgoalsby2050iftheydonot___29___alargeportionofvehicleemissions.Thecountryisstill___30___thatitwillmeetitsemissionsgoals,likereducingemissionsby40%by2020,butthe___31___ofelectriccarsinthecountryhasnotoccurredasfastasexpected.Othereffortstoincreasetheuseofelectricvehiclesincludeplanstobuildover1million632017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕hybridandelectriccarbatterychargingstationsacrossthecountry.By2030,Germanyplansonhavingover6millionchargingstations___32___.AccordingtotheInternationalBusinessTimes,electriccarsalesareexpectedtoincreaseasVolkswagenisstillrecoveringfromitsemissionsscandal.Thereare___33___around155,000registeredhybridandelectricvehiclesonGermanroads,dwarfedbythe45milliongasolineanddieselcarsdrivingtherenow.Ascountriescontinuesettinggoalsofreducingemissions,greaterstepsneedtobetakentohavea___34___effectonthesurroundingenvironment.Whiletheeffortsarecertainlynot___35___,theresultsofsuchbanswilllikelyonlystarttobeseenbygenerationsdowntheline,betteringtheworldforthefuture.A)acceptanceB)currentlyC)disruptingD)eliminate

E)exhaustF)futileG)hopefulH)implemented

I)incidentallyJ)installedK)noticeableL)powered

M)restorationN)skepticalO)sparkingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived,Youmaychoosea,paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Apple’sStanceHighlightsaMoreConfrontationalTeachIndustryA)ThebattlebetweenAppleandlawenforcementofficialsoverunlockingaterrorist’ssmartphoneistheculminationofaslowturningofthetablesbetweenthetechnologyindustryandtheUnitedStatesgovernment.B)AfterrevelationsbytheformerNationalSecurityAgencycontractorEdwardJ.Snowdenin2013thatthegovernmentbothcoziedupto(討好)certaintechcompaniesandhackedintootherstogainaccesstoprivatedataonanenormousscale,techgiantsbegantorecognizetheUnitedStatesgovernmentasahostileactor.Butiftheconfrontationhascrystallizedinthislatestbattle,itmayalreadybeheadingtowardapredictableconclusion:Inthelongrun,thetechcompaniesaredestinedtoemergevictorious.642017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕C)Itmaynotseemthatwayatthemoment.Ontheoneside,youhavetheUnitedStatesgovernment’smightylegalandsecurityapparatusfightingfordataofthemostsympatheticsort:thesecretsburiedinadeadmassmurderer’sphone.TheactionstemsfromafederalcourtorderissuedonTuesdayrequiringAppletohelptheFederalBureauofInvestigation(F.B.I)tounlockaniPhoneusedbyoneofthetwoattackerswhokilled14peopleinSanBernardino,California,inDecember.D)Intheothercorneristheworld’smostvaluablecompany,whosechiefexecutive,TimothyD.Cook,hassaidhewillappealthecourt’sorder.Applearguesthatitisfightingtopreserveaprinciplethatmostofuswhoareaddictedtooursmartphonescandefend:WeakenasingleiPhonesothatitscontentscanbeviewedbytheAmericangovernmentandyouriskweakeningalliPhonesforanygovernmentintruder,anywhere.E)Therewillprobablybemonthsoflegaltussling,anditisnotatallclearwhichsidewillprevailincourt,norinthebattleforpublicopinionandlegislativefavor.Yetunderlyingallofthisisasimpledynamic:Apple,Google,Facebookandothercompaniesholdmostofthecardsinthisconfrontation.Theyhaveourdata,andtheirbusinessesdependontheglobalpublic’scollectivebeliefthattheywilldoeverythingtheycantoprotectthatdata.F)Anycrackinthatfrontcouldbefatalfortechcompaniesthatmustoperateworldwide.IfAppleisforcedtoopenupaniPhoneforanAmericanlawenforcementinvestigation,whatistopreventitfromdoingsoforarequestfromtheChineseortheIranians?IfAppleisforcedtowritecodethatletstheF.B.I.getintothePhone5cusedbySyedRizwanFarook,themaleattackerintheSanBernardinoattack,whowouldberesponsibleifsomehackergotholdofthatcodeandbrokeintoitsotherdevices?G)Apple’sstanceontheseissuesemergedpost-Snowden,whenthecompanystartedputtinginplaceaseriesoftechnologiesthat,bydefault,makeuseofencryptiontolimitaccesstopeople’sdata.Morethanthat,Apple-and,indifferentways,othertechcompanies,includingGoogle,Facebook,TwitterandMicrosoft-havemadetheiroppositiontothegovernment’sclaimsapointofcorporatepride.H)Apple’semergingglobalbrandisprivacy;ithasstakeditscorporatereputation,nottomentiontheinvestmentofconsiderabletechnicalandfinancialresources,onlimitingthesortofmasssurveillancethatwasuncoveredbyMr.Snowden.Sonow,formanycasesinvolvinggovernmental652017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕intrusionsintodata,once-lonelyprivacyadvocatesfindthemselvesfightingalongsidethemostpowerfulcompanyintheworld.I)“Acomparisonpointisinthe1990sbattlesoverencryption,〞

saidKurtOpsahl,generalcounseloftheElectronicFrontierFoundation,aprivacywatchdoggroup.“Thenyouhadafewcompaniesinvolved,butnotoneofthelargestcompaniesintheworldcomingoutwithalengthyandimpassionedpost,likewesawyesterdayfromTimCook.Theprofilehasreallybeenraised.〞J)Appleandothertechcompaniesholdanotherace:thetechnicalmeanstokeepmakingtheirdevicesmoreandmoreinaccessible.NotethatApple’spublicoppositiontothegovernment’srequestisitselfahindrancetomassgovernmentintrusion.AndtogetatthecontentsofasingleiPhone,thegovernmentsaysitneedsacourtorderandApple’shelptowritenewcode;inearlierversionsoftheiPhone,onesthatwerecreatedbeforeApplefoundreligionon(熱衷于)privacy,theF.B.I.mayhavebeenabletobreakintothedevicebyitself.K)Youcanexpectthatnoose(束縛)tocontinuetotighten.ExpertssaidthatwhetherornotApplelosesthisspecificcase,measuresthatitcouldputintoplaceinthefuturewillalmostcertainlybeabletofurtherlimitthegovernment’sreach.L)That’snottosaythattheoutcomeoftheSanBernardinocaseisinsignificant.AsAppleandseveralsecurityexpertshaveargued,anordercompellingAppletowritesoftwarethatgivestheF.B.I.accesstotheiPhoneinquestionwouldestablishanunsettlingprecedent.TheorderessentiallyasksAppletohackitsowndevices,andonceitisinplace,theprecedentcouldbeusedtojustifylawenforcementeffortstogetaroundencryptiontechnologiesinotherinvestigationsfarremovedfromnationalsecuritythreats.M)OncearmedwithamethodforgainingaccesstoiPhones,thegovernmentcouldasktouseitproactively(先發(fā)制人地),beforeasuspectedterroristattack-leavingAppleinabindastowhethertocomplyorriskanattackandsufferapublic-relationsnightmare.“Thisisabrand-newsalvointhewaragainstencryption,〞Mr.Opsahlsaid.“We’vehadplentyofdebatesinCongressandthemediaoverwhetherthegovernmentshouldhaveabackdoor,andthisisanendrunaroundthat-heretheycomewithanordertocreatethatbackdoor.〞N)Yetit’sworthnotingthatevenifAppleultimatelylosesthiscase,ithasplentyoftechnicalmeanstocloseabackdoorovertime.“Ifthey’reanywherenearworththeirsaltasengineers,Ibet662017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕they’rerethinkingtheirthreatmodelaswespeak,〞saidJonathanZdziarski,adigitalforensicexpertwhostudiestheiPhoneanditsvulnerabilities.O)Onerelativelysimplefix,Mr.Zdziarskisaid,wouldbeforAppletomodifyfutureversionsoftheiPhonetorequireausertoenterapasscodebeforethephonewillacceptthesortofmodifiedoperatingsystemthattheF.B.I.wantsAppletocreate.Thatway,ApplecouldnotunilaterallyintroduceacodethatweakenstheiPhone—auserwouldhavetoconsenttoit.P)“Nothingis100percenthacker-proof,〞Mr.Zdziarskisaid,buthepointedoutthatthejudge’sorderinthiscaserequiredAppletoprovide“reasonablesecurityassistance〞tounlockMr.Farook’sphone.IfApplealtersthesecuritymodeloffutureiPhonessothatevenitsownengineers’“reasonableassistance〞willnotbeabletocrackagivendevicewhencompelledbythegovernment,aprecedentsetinthiscasemightloseitslastingforce.Inotherwords,eveniftheF.B.I.winsthiscase,inthelongrun,itloses.36.Itisapopularbeliefthattechcompaniesarecommittedtoprotectingtheircustomers’privatedata.37.TheUSgovernmentbelievesthatitsaccesstopeople’siPhonescouldbeusedtopreventterroristattacks.38.AfederalcourtaskedAppletohelptheFBIaccessdatainaterrorist’siPhone.39.PrivacyadvocatesnowhaveApplefightingalongsidethemagainstgovernmentaccesstopersonaldata.40.SnowdenrevealedthattheAmericangovernmenthadtriedhardtoaccessprivatedatainmassivescale.41.TheFBImighthavebeenabletoaccessprivatedatainearlieriPhoneswithoutApple’shelp.42.AftertheSnowdenincident,Applemadeclearitspositiontocountergovernmentintrusionintopersonaldatabymeansofencryption.43.Accordingtoonedigitalexpert,noiPhonecanbeentirelyfreefromhacking.44.TimothyCook’slongwebposthashelpedenhanceApple’simage.45.Apple’sCEOhasdecidedtoappealthefederalcourt’sordertounlockauser’siPhone.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You672017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestion46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AtthebaseofamountaininTanzania’sGregoryRift,LakeNatronburnsbrightred,surroundedbytheremainsofanimalsthatwereunfortunateenoughtofallintothesaltywater.Bats,swallowsandmorearechemicallypreservedintheposeinwhichtheyperished,sealedinthedepositsofsodiumcarbonateinthewater.Thelake’slandscapeisbizarreanddeadly-andmadeevenmoresobythefactthatit’stheplacewherenearly75percentoftheworld’sflamingos(火烈鳥)areborn.Thewaterissocorrosivethatitcanburntheskinandeyesofunadaptedanimals.Flamingos,however,aretheonlyspeciesthatactuallymakeslifeinthemidstofallthatdeath.Onceeverythreeorfouryears,whenconditionsareright,thelakeiscoveredwiththepinkbirdsastheystopflighttobreed.Three–quartersoftheworld’sflamingosflyoverfromothersaltlakesintheRiftValleyandnestonsalt-crystalislandsthatappearwhenthewaterisatspecificlevel-toohighandthebirdscan’tbuildtheirnests,toolowandpredatorscanmorebrisklyacrossthelakebedandattack.Whenthewaterhitstherightlevel,thebabybirdsarekeptsafefrompredatorsbyacorrosiveditch.“Flamingoshaveevolvedveryleatheryskinontheirlegssotheycantoleratethesaltwater,〞saysDavidHarper,aprofessorattheUniversityofLeicester.“Humanscannot,andwoulddieiftheirlegswereexposedforanylengthoftime.〞Sofarthisyear,waterlevelshavebeentoohighfortheflamingostonest.Somefish,too,havehadlimitedsuccessvacationingatthelakeaslesssaltylagoons(瀉湖)formontheouteredgesfromhotspringsflowingintoLakeNatron.Threespeciesoftilapia(羅非魚)thrivetherepart-time.“Fishhavearefugeinthestreamsandcanexpandintothelagoonswhenthelakeislowandthelagoonsareseparate,〞Harpersaid.“Allthelagoonsjoinwhenthelakeishighandfishmustretreattotheirstreamrefugesordie.〞Otherwise,nofishareabletosurviveinthenaturallytoxiclake.Thisuniqueecosystemmaysoonbeunderpressure.TheTanzaniangovernmenthasonceagainstartedminingthelakeforsodaash,usedformakingchemicals,glassanddetergents.682017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕Althoughtheplannedoperationwillbelocatedmorethan40milesaway,drawingthesodaashinthroughpipelines,conservationistsworryitcouldstillupsetthenaturalwatercycleandbreedinggrounds.Fornow,though,lifeprevails–eveninalakethatkillsalmosteverythingittouches.46.WhatcanwelearnaboutLakeNatron?A)Itissimplyuninhabitableformostanimals.B)Itremainslittleknowntotheoutsideworld.C)Itisabreedinggroundforavarietyofbirds.D)Itmakesanidealhabitatforlotsofpredators.47.Flamingosnestonlywhenthelakewaterisataspecificlevelsothattheirbabiescan______.A)findsafesheltermoreeasilyB)growthickfeathersontheirfeet

C)stayawayfrompredatorsD)getaccustomedtothesaltywater48.FlamingosintheRiftValleyareuniqueinthat_______.A)theycanmoveswiftlyacrosslagoonsB)theycansurvivewellinsaltywater

C)theybreednaturallyincorrosiveditchesD)theyknowwhereandwhentonest49.WhycancertainspeciesoftilapiasometimessurvivearoundLakeNatron?A)Theycantakerefugeinthelesssaltywaters.B)Theycanfleequickenoughfrompredators.C)Theycanmovefreelyfromlagoontolagoon.D)Theycanstandtheheatofthespringwater.50.WhatmaybetheconsequenceofTanzaniangovernment’splannedoperation?A)Theacceleratedextinctionofflamingos.B)Thechangeofflamingos’migrationroute.

C)TheoverminingofLakeNatron’ssodaash.D)ThedisruptionofLakeNatron’secosystem.Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itistheseasonforsomefranticlast-minutemathacrossthecountry,employeesofallstripearecountingbackwardinanattempttofigureoutjusthowmuchpaidtime-offtheyhaveleftittheirreserves.Moreofthem,though,willskipthosecalculationsaltogetherandjustpowerthroughtheholidaysinto2017:MorethanhalfofAmericanworkersdon’tuseupalloftheirallottedvacationdayseachyear.Notsolongago,peoplewouldhaveturneduptheirnosesatthatkindofdedicationtothejob.AsmarketingprofessorsSilviaBellezza,NeeruPaharia,andAnatKeinanrecentlyexplainedin692017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕HarvardBusinessReview(HBR),leisuretimewasonceseenasanindicatorofhighsocialstatus,somethingattainableonlyforthoseatthetop.Sincethemiddleofthe20thcentury,though,thingshaveturnedtheoppositeway–thesedays,punishinghoursatyourdesk,ratherthandaysoff,areseenasthemarkofsomeoneimportant.Inaseriesofseveralexperiments,theresearchersillustratedjusthowmuchwe’vecometoadmirebusyness,oratleasttheappearanceofit.Volunteersreadtwopassages,onaboutamanwholedalifeofleisureandanotheraboutamanwhowasover-workedandover–scheduled;whenaskedtodeterminewhichofthetwohadahighersocialstatus,themajorityoftheparticipantssaidthelatter.Thesameheldtrueforpeoplewhousedproductsthatimpliedtheywereshortontime:Inoneexperiment,forexample,customersofthegrocery-deliveryservicePeapodwereseenasofhigherstatusthanpeoplewhoshoppedatgrocerystoresthatwereequallyexpensive;inanother,peoplewearingwirelessheadphoneswereconsideredfurtheruponthesocialladderthanthosewearingregularheadphones,evenwhenbothwerejustusedtolistentomusic.Inpart,theauthorswroteinHBR.thispatternmayhavetodowiththewayworkitselfhaschangedoverthepastseveraldecades.Wethinkthattheshiftfromleisure-as-statustobusiness-as-statusmaybelinkedtothedevelopmentofknowledge-intensiveeconomics.Insucheconomies,individualswhopossessthehumancapitalcharacteristicsthatemployersorclientsvalue(e.gpetenceandambition)areexpectedtobeinhighdemandandshortsupplyonthejobmarket.Thus，bytellingothersthatwearebusyandworkingallthetime,weareimplicitlysuggestingthatwearesoughtafter,whichenhancesourperceivedstatus.Evenifyoufeeltemptedtosacrificeyourownvacationdaysforfakebusyness,though,atleastconsiderleavingyourweekendsunscheduled.It'sforyourowngood.51.Whatdomostemployeesplantodotowardstheendoftheyear?A)Goforavacation.B)Keeponworking.

C)Setanobjectivefornextyear.D)Reviewtheyear’sachievements.52.Howwouldpeopleviewdedicationtoworkinthepast?A)Theywouldregarditasamatterofcourse.B)Theywouldconsideritamustforsuccess.702017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕C)Theywouldlookuponitwithcontempt.D)Theywoulddeemitatrickofbusinessmen.53.Whatdidtheresearchersfindthroughaseriesofexperiments?A)Thebusieroneappears,themorerespectoneearns.B)Themoreoneworks,themoreonefeelsexploited.C)Themoreknowledgeonehas,themorecompetentonewillbe.D)Thehigherone’sstatus,themorevacationtimeonewillenjoy.54.Whatmayaccountforthechangeofpeople’sattitudetowardsbeingbusy?A)Thefastpaceoflifeinmodernsociety.B)Thefiercecompetitioninthejobmarket.C)Thewidespreaduseofcomputertechnology.D)Theroleofknowledgeinmoderneconomy.55.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodoattheendofthepassage?A)Scheduleourtimeproperlyforefficiency.B)Planourweekendsinameaningfulway.C)Findtimetorelaxhoweverbusyweare.D)Avoidappearingbusywhenwearenot.PartⅣ

Translation

(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.青海湖位于海拔3205米、青海省省會(huì)西寧以西約100公里處。是中國最大的咸水湖,面積4317平方公里最深處25.5米,有23條河注入湖中,其中大局部是季節(jié)性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五條主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亞洲的幾條留鳥遷徙路線的穿插處。許多鳥類把青海湖作為遷徙過程中的暫息地,湖的西側(cè)是著名的鳥島〞,吸引著來自世界各地的觀鳥者。每年夏天，游客們也來這里觀看國際自行車比賽。712017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕參考答案及解析PartI

Writing

(30minutes)參考范文:HelpOthersandYouwillbeHelpedWhenYouAreinNeedTherapiddevelopmentoftoday'ssocietyhasarousedaheateddiscussionastowhetherweshouldhelpothersinthesociety.Viewsonthetopicvarygreatlyamongpeoplefromdifferentwalksoflife,amongwhichtheregoesawell-knownsaying:“Helpothersandyouwillbehelpedwhenyouareinneed〞,suggestingthatweshouldtrytohelpotherskindly.ltotallyagreewiththissayingforthereasonspresentedbelow.First,itisgoodforthewholesocietybecauseifeveryoneinthesocietycangiveahandtoeachother,itismorelikelythatthesocietywillbecomemorepeaceful.Second,itisgoodforthepersonhimself/herself.Forexample,ifapersontriestohelpotherswhentheyhavetrouble,whenheneedshelp,hecangethelpfromotherpeople.soltotallyagreewiththissaying.Frommyperspective,itiscrucialthatmoderneducationshouldencouragepeopletosupporteachother.Alsoitiscrucialthatpeopleshouldunderstandthemeaningandvalueofhelpingeachother.Onlyinthiswaycantheybuildaharmonioussociety.【寫作點(diǎn)撥】范文開宗明義，首段指出幫助別人就是幫助自己的道理。第二段通過詳細(xì)闡述原因，說明幫助別人的意義，最后總結(jié)全文，升華主題。重點(diǎn)詞匯：differentwalksoflife

生活中的不同領(lǐng)域ariseaheateddiscussionwell-known眾所周知的crucial關(guān)鍵的harmonious和諧的

引起熱烈的討論P(yáng)artIII

ReadingComprehension

(40minutes)SectionA【篇章譯文】很多歐洲國家一直在轉(zhuǎn)向使用電動(dòng)汽車，德國剛剛說明他們方案在2030年之前制止出722017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕售使用汽油和柴油作燃料的汽車。德國還方案到2050年時(shí)將本國的碳排放量降低80%到95%，〔26〕促使本國向綠色能源轉(zhuǎn)變。實(shí)際上，這項(xiàng)禁令將包括國內(nèi)新汽車的注冊，因?yàn)?030年之后政府將不允許注冊〔27〕以汽油為動(dòng)力的汽車。這項(xiàng)禁令正在被討論和〔28〕實(shí)施的局部原因在于能源部門官員認(rèn)為如果不能〔29〕消除大局部車輛的排放物，到2050年，他們將不能到達(dá)排放物目標(biāo)。德國仍然〔30〕有希望到達(dá)排放物目標(biāo)，如到2020年減少40%的排放物，但是該國對電動(dòng)汽車的〔31〕承受沒有預(yù)期中發(fā)生的那么快。增加電動(dòng)汽車使用的其他努力包括在全國建設(shè)100多萬個(gè)混合動(dòng)力汽車蓄電池充電站的方案。到2030年，德國方案〔32〕安裝600多萬個(gè)充電站。據(jù)?國際商業(yè)時(shí)報(bào)?報(bào)道，隨著群眾汽車公司仍然正在從碳排放丑聞中恢復(fù)，電動(dòng)汽車的銷售有望增加?！?3〕目前德國的路上有大約155,000輛注冊過的混合動(dòng)力車，這跟目前那里行駛的4,500萬輛汽油車和柴油車對比起來就相形見絀了。由于各國都在持續(xù)設(shè)置減少排放物的目標(biāo)，因此需要采取更有力的措施對周圍環(huán)境產(chǎn)生〔34〕顯著的影響。盡管我們的努力肯定不是〔35〕徒勞的，但是這些禁令的結(jié)果可能只有以后的子孫才能開場看見，為未來改善世界。26.O?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】通過語法分析，空格所在局部作狀語，考慮到與主語的關(guān)系為主動(dòng)，所以應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞-ing形式，根據(jù)語義，O為“促使〞，為正確答案。27.L?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】通過語法分析，名詞vehicle前面應(yīng)該有一個(gè)形容詞修飾，因此空格部分應(yīng)為形容詞；根據(jù)語義，L“提供能量，驅(qū)動(dòng)的〞，為正確答案。28.H?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】“and〞表示并列，空格所在局部應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞且與〞and〞前面的動(dòng)詞形式一樣，即過去式；根據(jù)語義，H“實(shí)施〞為正確答案。29.D。【解題點(diǎn)撥】通過語法分析可知空格局部要填動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)語義，D“消除〞，為正確答案。30.G?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)語法知識(shí)可知空格所在局部要填形容詞或動(dòng)詞-ing，根據(jù)語義，G“有希望的〞為正確答案。31.A。【解題點(diǎn)撥】通過語法分析可知空白處缺少的是名詞，原文想要表達(dá)的是在德國人們對電動(dòng)汽車的承受度沒有預(yù)期中的高，根據(jù)詞義，A“承受〞為正確答案。32.J?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】根據(jù)語法分析，空格中單詞的形式應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞ing或過去分詞，根據(jù)語義，J“安裝〞為正確答案。33.B?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】通過語法分析得知空白局部應(yīng)填副詞，空格所在句指出，在德國，路上行駛的注冊混合動(dòng)力車有大約155，000輛，這個(gè)數(shù)字與目前在那里行駛的汽油車和柴油732017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕車的4,500萬輛是不能相比的。根據(jù)語義，B“目前〞，為正確答案。34.K。【解題點(diǎn)撥】通過語法分析空格處應(yīng)為一個(gè)形容詞，根據(jù)語義，要采取更有力的措施對周邊環(huán)境產(chǎn)生____影響。K“明顯的，顯而易見的〞，為正確答案。35.F?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】通過語法分析空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞或形容詞，填名詞的話應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式而備選項(xiàng)中沒有適宜的復(fù)數(shù)名詞故答案鎖定為形容詞；根據(jù)語義，原文想要表達(dá)的是我們的努力肯定不是徒勞的，因此F“無用的〞，為正確答案。SectionB【篇章譯文】蘋果公司的立場突出了更具對抗性的技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)A)蘋果公司與執(zhí)法官員之間就破解一部恐懼分子用過的智能手機(jī)展開的斗爭意味著技術(shù)行業(yè)與美國政府之間發(fā)生的緩慢改變的局面進(jìn)入了高潮。B)

(40)2013年，在美國國家安全局前承包商雇員愛德華.J.斯諾登披露了美國政府拉攏某些技術(shù)公司并侵入其他技術(shù)公司以獲取巨大規(guī)模的私人數(shù)據(jù)后，技術(shù)行業(yè)巨頭們開場認(rèn)為美國政府是敵對方。但是，如果在最近的戰(zhàn)斗中雙方的對抗已經(jīng)具體化了，那么它可能已經(jīng)在走向一個(gè)可預(yù)測的結(jié)局：從長遠(yuǎn)來看，技術(shù)公司注定會(huì)取得勝利。C)此時(shí)此刻，結(jié)局可能看起來不是那樣。對手中，一方是美國政府強(qiáng)大的法律和安全機(jī)器，爭奪的是那種最能贏得同情的數(shù)據(jù):藏在死了的制造群體謀殺的人手機(jī)里的秘密。(38)政府的行動(dòng)源于聯(lián)邦法院于周二發(fā)布的命令，命令要求蘋果公司幫助聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局〔FBI〕破解12月份在加利福尼亞州圣貝納迪諾市殺死14人的兩名襲擊者之一用過的蘋果手機(jī)。D)(45)另一方是世界上市值最高的公司，其首席執(zhí)行官蒂莫西·庫克表示，他將對法院的命令提出上訴。蘋果公司認(rèn)為，它在為保護(hù)一個(gè)原那么而戰(zhàn)，而那些癡迷于智能手機(jī)的大多數(shù)人會(huì)支持這個(gè)原那么：削弱一部蘋果手機(jī)，以便其內(nèi)容能被美國政府檢查，你將面臨一種為任何地方的政府削弱所有蘋果手機(jī)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。E)可能會(huì)有好幾個(gè)月的法律角逐，哪一方會(huì)在法庭占上風(fēng)還完全不可知，哪一方會(huì)贏得公眾輿論和立法者的青睞也不清楚。然而，這一切的背后有一個(gè)簡單的動(dòng)力：蘋果、谷歌、臉譜網(wǎng)和其他公司在這場爭奪戰(zhàn)中掌握著大局部的主動(dòng)權(quán)。(36)它們擁有我們的數(shù)據(jù)，它們的業(yè)務(wù)依賴于全球公眾的集體信念，那就是公司將盡一切可能來保護(hù)這些數(shù)據(jù)。F)人們對這種信念的任何動(dòng)搖對必須在全世界開展業(yè)務(wù)的技術(shù)公司來說都可能是致命的。如果蘋果公司被迫為美國執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)的調(diào)查破解了一部蘋果手機(jī)，有什么能阻止它在俄羅斯人或者伊朗人的要求下這樣做呢如果蘋果公司被迫編寫代碼來讓聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局進(jìn)入圣貝納742017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕迪諾襲擊事件中的男性襲擊者賽義德·里茲萬·法魯克用過的iPhone5c的話，如果某個(gè)黑客獲得了這些代碼并用來入侵其他設(shè)備，那誰來負(fù)責(zé)呢G)

(42)蘋果公司在這些問題上的立場是在斯諾登事件出現(xiàn)后形成的，在那之后，公司開場采用一系列技術(shù)，在默認(rèn)情況下利用加密來限制他人訪問用戶的數(shù)據(jù)。不僅如此，蘋果以及包括谷歌、臉譜網(wǎng)、推特和微軟在內(nèi)的其他公司都以不同的方式把它們反對政府的主張作為企業(yè)的驕傲。H)蘋果公司新興的全球品牌是隱私；它已經(jīng)把公司的信譽(yù)押在限制那種被斯諾登先生披露的大規(guī)模監(jiān)視上了，更不用提在這方面投入了公司可觀的技術(shù)和財(cái)力。(39)所以在目前，就許多涉及政府侵入數(shù)據(jù)的案件而言，那些曾經(jīng)孤獨(dú)的隱私倡導(dǎo)者們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們正在與世界上最強(qiáng)大的公司一起作戰(zhàn)。I)“可作為對比的事情是20世紀(jì)90年代有關(guān)加密的爭奪戰(zhàn)，〞隱私監(jiān)視組織電子前沿基金會(huì)的總參謀庫爾特·奧普薩爾說。(44)“那時(shí)，有幾家公司參與其中，但沒有一家世界上最大的公司用一篇充滿激情的長文站出來表態(tài)，就像我們昨天看到的蒂姆·庫克所做的那樣。這確實(shí)提升了蘋果公司的形象。〞J)蘋果公司和其他技術(shù)公司還握有一張王牌:使它們的設(shè)備越來越難以侵入的技術(shù)手段。需要注意的是，蘋果公司公開拒絕政府要求，本身就是對政府大規(guī)模侵?jǐn)_的一種阻礙。(41)為了獲取一部蘋果手機(jī)的內(nèi)容，政府表示它需要獲得法庭的命令和蘋果公司的幫助來編寫新代碼;對于早期版本的蘋果手機(jī)，也就是蘋果公司熱衷于隱私方面之前創(chuàng)造的版本，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局或許自己就能進(jìn)入這些設(shè)備。K)可以預(yù)計(jì)該束縛還將繼續(xù)收緊。專家表示，無論蘋果公司是否會(huì)輸?shù)暨@起官司，未來它采取的舉措將幾乎肯定會(huì)進(jìn)一步限制政府的影響范圍。L)并不是說圣貝納迪諾案件的結(jié)果不重要。就像蘋果公司和幾名安全專家說的那樣，下令強(qiáng)迫蘋果公司編寫軟件以使聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局可以進(jìn)入有疑問的蘋果手時(shí)機(jī)制造一個(gè)令人不安的先例。這項(xiàng)命令基本上是要求蘋果公司入侵自己的設(shè)備，一旦這么做了，那么在其他遠(yuǎn)未涉及國家安全威脅的調(diào)查中，這個(gè)先例就會(huì)為繞過加密技術(shù)的執(zhí)法行動(dòng)提供正當(dāng)理由。M)

(37)—旦獲得進(jìn)入蘋果手機(jī)的方法，政府就可以要求在疑似恐懼襲擊爆發(fā)前先發(fā)制人，這會(huì)令蘋果公司陷入困境——是遵從命令還是冒著襲擊發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并遭遇公關(guān)噩夢。“在反加密的斗爭中，這是一場全新的攻擊，〞奧普薩爾先生說。“國會(huì)和媒體就政府是否可以走后門的問題已經(jīng)展開了很多辯論，現(xiàn)在他們采取迂回戰(zhàn)術(shù)——他們直接下令開設(shè)后門。〞N)但值得注意的是、即便蘋果公司最終輸?shù)艄偎荆€是有很多可以最終關(guān)閉后門的技術(shù)752017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕手段?！叭绻麄冊谌魏蔚胤蕉际侵档米鹁吹墓こ處煟掖蚨卯?dāng)我們在談?wù)摰臅r(shí)候，他們正重新考慮威脅模型，〞研究蘋果手機(jī)及其缺陷的數(shù)字專家喬納森·茲阿爾斯基說道。O)茲阿爾斯基先生表示：對于蘋果公司來說，一種相對簡單的補(bǔ)救方式是改變未來的蘋果手機(jī)版本，在蘋果公司根據(jù)聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局的意愿改動(dòng)操作系統(tǒng)前，需要用戶輸入密碼來確認(rèn)。如此一來，蘋果公司不能單方面引入削弱蘋果手機(jī)防護(hù)的代碼用戶必須同意這一點(diǎn)。P)

(43)“沒有什么能百分之百地防止黑客，〞茲阿爾斯基先生說，但他指出法官在這起案件中下令要求蘋果公司提供“符合情理的安全協(xié)助〞來破解法魯克先生的手機(jī)。如果蘋果公司更改未來蘋果手機(jī)的安全模式，以至于當(dāng)政府強(qiáng)迫蘋果公司破解相關(guān)設(shè)備時(shí)，其工程師的“符合情理的協(xié)助〞也無濟(jì)于事，該案件創(chuàng)下的先例可能會(huì)失去其持久力。換句話說，即便聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局贏了這場官司，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，還是輸了。36.E?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：人們普遍認(rèn)為，科技公司會(huì)承諾去保護(hù)客人的私人信息。定位到E段最后一句“他們有我們的數(shù)據(jù)，他們的經(jīng)營依賴于全球集體信念，他們將為保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)付出一切。〞這里的They即指techcompanies，而題干中的Itisapopularbelief與原文中的globalpublic’scollectivebelief相對應(yīng)，故E為正確答案。37.M。【解題點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：美國政府認(rèn)為通過獲取人們蘋果手機(jī)里的數(shù)據(jù)就能夠阻止恐懼襲擊。定位到M段第一句“一旦設(shè)備要裝入蘋果手機(jī)，政府就可以要求在疑似恐懼襲擊發(fā)生之前先發(fā)制人。〞題干中的beusedtoprevent與原文中的useitproactively相對應(yīng)，故M為正確答案。38.C?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：聯(lián)邦法庭要求蘋果公司幫助美國聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局獲取一個(gè)恐懼分子的手機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞FBI和aterrorist’siPhone定位到C〕段最后一句。這句提到，這個(gè)行為來自于周二聯(lián)邦法庭蘋果公司提出的要求，聯(lián)邦法庭要求他們幫助FBI解鎖兩個(gè)襲擊者之一用過的手機(jī)，這兩個(gè)襲擊者曾于12月在加州殺了14個(gè)人。故答案為C。39.H?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：隱私擁護(hù)者現(xiàn)在與蘋果公司站在同一戰(zhàn)線，他們反對政府獲取私人數(shù)據(jù)。H段最后一句“所以現(xiàn)在，鑒于很多案件牽涉到了政府對于數(shù)據(jù)的侵犯，曾經(jīng)單獨(dú)戰(zhàn)斗的隱私擁護(hù)者們發(fā)現(xiàn)世界上最強(qiáng)大的公司現(xiàn)在正他們站在同一戰(zhàn)線。〞governmentaccess與governmentalintrusions相對應(yīng)，themostpowerfulcompany與Apple相對應(yīng)，故答案為H。40.B。【解題點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：斯諾登揭露了美國政府曾經(jīng)試圖大規(guī)模地獲取私人數(shù)據(jù)。B段，該句提到“2013年美國國家安全局前承包商雇員愛德華·J·斯諾登披露了美國政府762017年12月大學(xué)英語六級考試真題〔第三套〕拉攏某些技術(shù)公司并侵入其他技術(shù)公司以獲取巨大規(guī)模的私人數(shù)據(jù)。〞題干中的revealed對應(yīng)原文中的revelation，故答案為B。41.J?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：在沒有蘋果公司的幫助下，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局也許可以獲取早期蘋果手機(jī)的私人數(shù)據(jù)。J段最后一句，對于在蘋果公司熱衷于隱私安全之前早期制造的手機(jī)版本來說，聯(lián)邦調(diào)查局或許自己就能進(jìn)入這些設(shè)備。題干中的abletoaccessprivatedata對應(yīng)原文中的breakintothedevicebyitself.故答案為J。42.G?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：在斯諾登事件之后，蘋果清晰定位自己，就是要通過加密的方式反對政府獲取私人數(shù)據(jù)。G段第一句“斯諾登事件之后，蘋果對于隱私問題的立場便明確了，公司開場采用一系列技術(shù)，在默認(rèn)情況下利用加密來限制他人訪問用戶的數(shù)據(jù)。〞題干中的AftertheSnowdenincident和bymeansofencryption分別與原文中的post-Snowden和makeuseofencryption對應(yīng)。43.P?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)專家表示，沒有蘋果手機(jī)可以完全不被非法入侵。P段第一句“沒有100%防入侵的東西存在。〞故答案為P。44.I?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：蒂姆·庫克在網(wǎng)上貼出的長文幫助提升了蘋果公司的形象。I段段尾“那時(shí)，有幾家公司參與其中，但沒有一家世界上最大的公司用一篇充滿激情的長文章出來表態(tài)，就像我們昨天看到的蒂姆·庫克所做的那樣。這確實(shí)提升了蘋果公司的形象。〞根據(jù)句意得知I為正確答案。45.D?！窘忸}點(diǎn)撥】題干大意：對于聯(lián)邦法庭〔對蘋果公司提出的〕解鎖用戶手機(jī)的要求，蘋果公司的首席執(zhí)行官?zèng)Q定上訴。D段第一句“另一方面，世界上最有價(jià)值公司的首席執(zhí)行官蒂姆·D·庫克說，他將就法庭提出的要求提出上訴。〞根據(jù)句意可知D為正確答案。SectionCPassageOne【篇章譯文】(46)查魚差尼亞格雷戈瑞裂谷的一座山腳下，納特龍湖呈現(xiàn)出火焰燃燒般的亮紅色，周圍都是不幸落入鹽水中的動(dòng)物遺體。蝙蝠、燕子以及更多的動(dòng)物遺體以化學(xué)方式保存成它們死亡時(shí)的姿勢，被密封在水里的碳酸鈉沉積物中。納特龍湖的景觀奇異而又致命——而它是世界上近75%的火烈鳥的出生地這一事實(shí)令其景觀更是如此。(46)湖水的腐蝕性如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于它能灼傷還未適應(yīng)的動(dòng)物的皮膚和眼睛。然而，火烈鳥實(shí)際上是唯一生g這整片死亡之地中的物種。每三四年一次，當(dāng)條件適宜而它們停頓飛行進(jìn)展