光電式扭矩測量系統(tǒng)設計

REF_Ref168484390\r\h錯誤！未找到引用源。REF_Ref168484424\h錯誤！未找到引用源。參考文獻[1]楊樂平,李海濤.LabVIEW程序設計與應用.北京:電子工業(yè)出版社，1993.1-8[2]張俊謨.單片機中級教程.北京:北航出版社,2001.52-85[3]王元慶.新型傳感器原理及應用.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社，1997.31-87[4]柏林,王見.虛擬儀器及其在機械中的應用.北京:科學出版社，1998.61-98[5]戴鵬吃,王勝開.測試工程與LabVIEW應用.北京:北京電子工業(yè)出版社，1997.24-53[6]丁振良.誤差理論與數(shù)據(jù)處理.哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學出版社出版，2002.18-53[7]張風生,徐松柳,張光輝.光電式轉(zhuǎn)矩測量系統(tǒng).北京:高等教育出版社,1987.36-52[8]朱丹梧.增量式光電編碼器信號處理顯示電路.北京:清華大學出版社,2005.11-58[9]歐揚,張紀龍.扭矩測試的發(fā)展動態(tài)和發(fā)展方向.北京:中國計量出版社,1997.15-17[10]孟宗,劉彬.回轉(zhuǎn)機械動態(tài)扭矩非接觸測量的研究.計量學報2005.10-68[11]白文普,楊俊鋒,韓佩富.動態(tài)扭矩加載器的校定研究.振動測試與診斷,2007.3-55[12]楊俊鋒,韓佩富,白文普.基于LabVIEW的在線動態(tài)扭矩測試儀設計.電子測量技術,2007.23-63[13]白文普,楊俊鋒,韓佩富.基于虛擬儀器的動態(tài)扭矩測試系統(tǒng)的研究.微計算機信息,2007.42-58[14]喻洪麟,劉旭飛,吳永烽.光柵扭矩傳感器的信號電路設計.光電工程,2005.2009.34-52[15]熊文卓,孔智勇,張煒.光電軸角編碼器光電信號正交性偏差的相量校正方法.光學精密工程,2006.23-69[16]楊俊鋒.基于虛擬儀器的動態(tài)扭矩實驗測試系統(tǒng)的研究[碩士論文].燕山大學,河北,2007.32-54[17]蔣利勇,李偉光.絕對式光電編碼器的接口裝置應用.北京:北京電子工業(yè)出版社,1997.44-71[18]陳錫輝,張銀鴻編著.LabVIEW程序設計從入門到精通.北京:清華大學出版社,2010.23-67[19]吳杰.光電信號檢測原理.哈爾濱:哈爾濱大學出版社,1990.89-107[20]孫培毅,劉正飛.光電技術.北京:機械工業(yè)出版社,1992.67-93[21]何兆湘.光電信號處理.武漢:華中科技大學出版社,2007.74-102附錄附錄1：程序前面板和程序框圖附錄2：硬件原理圖外文資料翻譯ThevirtualinstrumenttechnologyDevelopmentoftheinstrumentsystemhasexperiencedalonghistory.Initsearlystageofdevelopment,instrumentsystemreferstothe"analogmeasurementequipmentpure",suchastheEEGrecordingsystemoroscilloscope.Asaspecialsystemiscompletelyclosed,theyincludepowersupply,sensor,analogtodigitalconverteranddisplay,andtheneedformanualsettings,displaydatatodial,converter,ortakethedataforallkindsofprintingonpaper.Atthattime,ifyouwanttofurthertheuseofdata,requirestheoperatortomanuallycopythedataintoanotebook.Sinceallthingsmustbeconstructedtooperate,sotocarryonthethoroughanalysis,theacquireddataorintegratedcomplex/stepsofthetestautomationisverycomplicated,evenimpossiblejob.Untilthe80's,thecomplexsystem,suchaschemicalprocesscontrolapplications,finallyneednotoccupytomultipleindependentinstrumentconnectedtoacentralcontrolpanel,thecontrolpaneliscomposedofaseriesofphysicaldatadisplayequipment,suchasscale,converter,andapluralityofsetsofswitches,knobsandakeycomponent,andspeciallyusedforinstrumentcontrol."Virtualinstrument"thisconceptoriginatedinthelate70's..Changesinthedevelopmentofthemicroprocessortechnologyisabletoeasilyrealizethefunctionoftheequipmentbychangingthedevicesoftware,sointhemeasurementsystemintegratedanalysisalgorithmhasbecomepossible,sotheconceptwillbevirtualinstrumenttechnologytochangetestandmeasurementforthewholeindustry.Atthattime,whenthetraditionalequipmentsuppliersarestillthemicroprocessorandvendordefinedalgorithmisembeddedintotheclosedsystemtheyprovide,atthesametime,anewtrend--Openmeasurementsystem,allowstheusertodefinetheirownanalysisalgorithmandconfigurationdatadisplaymode--havebeguntoform.Thus,theconceptofvirtualinstrumenttechnologywasborn.Virtualinstrumenttechnologyistheuseofhigh-performancemodularhardware,combinedwiththeapplicationofhighlyefficientandflexiblesoftwaretocompleteavarietyoftest,measurementandautomation.Anefficientandflexiblesoftwarecanhelpyoucreateafullycustomizableuserinterface,modularhardwarecanprovidefullrangeofsystemintegration,softwareandhardwareplatformcanmeetthestandardsynchronizationandtimingapplications.ThisisalsothereasonwhytheNInearly30yearsalwaysleadthetestandmeasurementindustrydevelopmenttrend.Onlywithefficientsoftware,modularI/Ohardwareandsoftwareandhardwareplatformforintegrationofthesethreecomponents,inordertogivefullplaytothevirtualinstrumenttechnologyandhighperformance,scalability,lessdevelopmenttime,andexcellentintegrationofthefourmajoradvantages.Softwareisthemostimportantpartofthevirtualinstrumenttechnology.Usetherighttoolsandbydesignorinvokeaspecificprogrammodule,engineersandscientistscanefficientlycreatetheirownapplications,andfriendlyhuman-computerinteractioninterface.Toprovideindustrystandardgraphicalprogrammingsoftware--LabVIEW,notonlycaneasilycompletetheconnectionwithavarietyofhardwareandsoftware,canprovidepowerfuldataprocessingcapability,setthedataprocessing,conversion,storage,anddisplaystheresulttotheuser.Inaddition,alsoprovidesmoremeasurementtoolinteractiveandhighersystemmanagementsoftwaretools,suchasconnectiondesignandtestinteractivesoftwareSignalExpress,usedintraditionalClanguageLabWindows/CVI,accordingtoVisualStudioMeasurementStudioMicrosoftandsoon,canmeetcustomerdemandforhighperformanceapplications.Inthefaceofincreasinglycomplextestandmeasurementapplications,hasprovidedthesolutionofhardwareandsoftwareofthefullrangeof.WhetheryouareusingPCI,PXI,PCMCIA,USBor1394bus,canprovidethecorrespondingmodularhardwareproducts,producttypesfromdataacquisition,signalprocessing,soundandvibrationmeasurement,vision,motion,instrumentcontrol,distributedI/OtotheCANinterfaceandotherindustrialcommunication,haveeverythingthatoneexpectstofind.Highperformancehardwareproductswithflexibledevelopmentsoftware,measurementsystemcancreateacompletelycustomforthetestanddesignengineers,tomeetthevariousrequirementsuniqueapplication.DesignedforthetestingofPXIhardwareplatformdesign,hasbecomethestandardplatformforthetest,measurementandautomationapplications,hasbroughtaturntheworldupsidedownreformopenframework,flexibilityandPCtechnologyanditscostadvantageformeasurementandautomationindustry.PXIasaplatformformodularinstrumentsofindustrialdataacquisitionandautomationapplicationstailored,builtinhigh-endtimingandtriggerbus,withallkindsofmodularI/Ohardwareandthecorrespondingmeasurementsoftware,testyoucancreateacompletelycustomsolution.Whetheritisthefaceofthedataacquisitionapplicationsimple,ormixedsignalhigh-endsynchronousacquisition,withthehelpofPXIhighperformancehardwareplatform,youcanhandleasituationwithease.ThisisthevirtualinstrumenttechnologytobringyouThereisnothingcomparabletothisadvantage.Fouradvantagesofthevirtualinstrumenttechnology:(1)highperformance.VirtualinstrumenttechnologyisdevelopedbasedonPCtechnologyadvantages,socompletely"inherited"thelatestcommercialtechnologiestoreadilyavailablewithPCtechnologyastheleadingfactor,includingfunctionalexcellenceprocessorandI/Ofile,soyouinthehighspeeddataintothediskatthesametimecanrealtimecomplexanalysis.Inaddition,thevirtualinstrumenttechnologytoshowitsmorepowerfuladvantageofthecontinuousdevelopmentoftheInternetandafastercomputernetwork.(2)scalability.Thesehardwareandsoftwaretoolsthatengineersandscientistsnolongercirclelimitedcurrenttechnology.Duetotheflexibilityofthesoftware,onlyneedtoupdateyourcomputerormeasurementhardware,canwithminimalhardwareinvestmentandlittle,evenwithouttheneedforsoftwareupgradestoimproveyourentiresystem.Intheuseofthelatesttechnologyofthetime,youcanputtheirintegrationintoexistingmeasurementequipment,eventuallywithlesscosttoacceleratethetimetomarket.(3)lessdevelopmenttime.ThedriverandApplicationontwolevels,NIefficientsoftwaretechnologyandthelatestcomputer,instrumentationandcommunicationtogether.Thedes.Thedesignofthissoftwareframeworkisdesignedtofacilitatetheoperationoftheuser,butalsoprovidesaflexibleandpowerfulfunction,sothatyoueasilyconfigure,create,release,maintainandmodifythemeasurementandcontrolofhighperformance,lowcostsolution.(4)theseamlessintegration.Virtualinstrumenttechnologyisessentiallyanintegratedhardwareandsoftwareconcepts.Alongwiththeproductfunctionandtendstobemorecomplex,engineersoftenneedtointegratemultiplemeasuringequipmenttomeetthetestrequirementsofcomplete,whiletheconnectionandintegrationofthesedifferentequipmentalwaysspendalotoftime.VirtualinstrumentsoftwareplatformprovidesastandardinterfaceforallI/Odevices,tohelpuserstoeasilyincorporatemultiplemeasuringdevicesareintegratedintoasinglesystem,reducesthecomplexityofthetask.AlCarterUsaIncistheworldleaderinoneoftheworld'sleadingtelecomsequipmentmakers.AccessislocatedinCaliforniaPetaluma,developmentofLitespanaccessplatformofafiberopticdigitalloopcarrier(DLC).DLCcanbeatelephonecompanycentralroomordinarycopperwiretelephoneservicetransferfarther.ThroughLabVIEW,acomprehensivetestplandevelopmentinarelativelyshortperiodoftime.Atthesametime,thetestofachannelunitloop16ANSIforeachchannelunitrequirementsand4ISDNlinesweretested,thecostofeachtesttimeis12minutes.Becausesomechannelunitneedstotestarangeoftemperatureconditions,sothewholetestneedseveraldays.AnengineerAllenKleinAmericaAlcatelLitespanhardwarequalitydepartment,afunctionisaddedintheprogram,sothatthetestcanallday,evenonweekends.Thisfeaturegreatlyexpandingthetestplatform,improvetestefficiency.Virtualinstrumenttechnologyistheresultoftesttechnologyandthecombinationofcomputertechnology,isthecrystallizationofthelatesttwodisciplines,technology,combinesthetesttheory,theoryandtechnologyequipment,computerinterfacetechnology,high-speedbustechnologyandgraphicssoftwareprogrammingtechnology.Virtualinstrumentiscomposedofcomputerhardwareresourceandthecontrolsystemforthedigitalanalysisandprocessing,processcommunicationandgraphicalinterfacesoftware,ittransformstheinstrumentmanufacturerdefinedinstrumentfunctionbyuserdefinedfunctionofinstrument,thatistosaythetraditionalinstrumenttestwasusedinfactoryproduction,propertiesandfunctionoftheinstrumenthasbeenfactorythedefinitioninthefactory,theusercanonlyownrequirementsandneedstoselectanduseaccordingto;andthevirtualinstrumentisonthebaseofsomehardware,theusercanaccordingtothetest,writesoftwaretodefinetheirowninstrumentfunction.Thesamehardwareconfigurationcandevelopdifferentinstruments,suchasdisplayingthecollectedsignalinthetimedomainwaveformintheinstrumentpanel,theinstrumentasavirtualoscilloscope;iftheFFTtransformofthesignalacquisitionintheprogram,sotheinstrumentisthevirtualspectrumanalyzer.TheauthorusedLabWindows/CVItodevelopvirtualwarptensiontesterisusedtotestthechanges,thewarptensioninthework.Applicationareas:thewarptensionsensor.Loomsintheweavingprocess,thewarpdynamictensionforweaving,smoothlyhasgreatinfluence,thetensionistoolarge,easytocausethebreakage,theweavingefficiencyof;insufficienttensioncausedbytheshedisnotclear,theformationofthreehopdefect,clothandgrainisnotclear.Whenpassesthroughtheshaft,warpbarpressureonbothsidesoftheforcetransmission,throughthedowelbartothepressureelasticbeam,thestrain,thestrainthestrainintotheresistancetochange,andthenthroughtheconversioncircuitresistancechangesintothechangeofvoltage,measurevoltage,accordingtosensorcalibrationcanbeobtainedcorrespondingwarptension.Applicationareas:twovirtualsystemofwarptensiontester.Virtualtestingsystemofwarptensiontesteriscomposedofsensors,dataacquisitioncard,interfacebus,hardwaredriverprogramanddevelopmentoftestsoftware,thedataacquisitioncardwith6024E,testLabWindows/CVIsoftwaredevelopmentplatform,runningundertheWindows98operatingsystem.Applicationofthreeareas:signalacquisition.Duetomeasurethewarptensionandspindlerotation,sowith3sensors.Sensor1isthewarptensionsensor,thewarptensionphysicalsignalintoelectricsignal;sensor2isphotoelectricpulsesensor,usedtomeasuretherotationanglesensor;sensor3isHolzer,willHolzerasatriggersignalvoltagemeasurement.Theoutputsignalofeachsensormustpassthroughasignalconditioningcircuitforsignalprocessing(suchasfiltering,amplification),gettheusefulsignaltobemeasuredfromthemixturesignal,sendthedataacquisitioncard,andsuitableforthevoltagerangeofthedataacquisitioncard,thebusstructureissendintothecomputerforprocessing.ThedataacquisitionsoftwaretocontrolthewholeDAQsystem,includingthecollectionoftheoriginaldata,analysisofdata,signalconditioningandaftermultipleswitchsettingcontrolsamplingrateinsoftware,collectingandamplifyingcircuit,andthenthroughthesampleandholdandtheA/Dconverterunitarequantizedintoadigitalsignal,asignalthatcanbeprocessedbycomputer,thethetestsignaliscalculated,analyzed,displayedbythevirtualinstrumentsoftware,andstoretheresults.Applicationareas:fourthedesignofvirtualwarptensiontester.Theseventextpanelontherightofvirtualwarptensiontesterboxsetuserinputcontent,accordingtotheactualmeasurementneedsaswellastheconnectionchannelacquisitioncardbeforestartingthetest.Whenmeasuringinstrument,opentheswitch,theinstrumentcanwork;presstheacquisitiondata,waitafewseconds,thepanelwilldisplaythewaveformofwarptension.Savedataistheoriginaldata,themeasuredsignalprocesseddataanddataaccessisprovidedtotheuser;readingdataisreadpreviouslymeasureddata,thendrawthecurveintheinstrumentpanel,whichisconducivetothepostanalysis;closetheexitstateoftestinstrument.Paneldataacquisition,shutofftheinstrument,savethedataandcommandbuttonthroughacallbackfunctiontoachievetheirfunctions,thecallbackfunctionofCaijidataacquisitionofthesourcecodeoftheprogramisthekey.Fiveapplication:applicationofvirtualwarptensiontester.TheYC-425typeofair-jetloomwarptensiontesterusingthevirtualtestsystemdesignofthemainshaftoftheloom,eachturn,aperiodicvariationofwarptension,atabout0°,thewarptensionisbeneficialtothemaximum,beating,minimumtensionoccurredat280°.Intheory,amaximumvalueappearedintheopeningoffullopenposition,andgenerallyonlytwopeaksinthecurve,inadditiontobeatingpoints,therearetwopeak,thisshowsthatinthebackwithatensionrelievingmechanism.Theminimumtensionisalsorepeatedtensioncurvewarpnotgoodworkingconditionisnotstableenough,thatloom.Virtualinstrumenttechnologyistheuseofhigh-performancemodularhardware,combinedwiththeapplicationofhighlyefficientandflexiblesoftwaretocompleteavarietyoftest,measurementandautomation.Atpresent,thevirtualinstrumenttechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedintestingindustry,evenautomation,oildrillingandrefining,productionmachinesandcontrolfield.Thetraditionalinstrumentplaysanimportantroleinthemeasurementfield,buttherearealsomanyproblems,suchaslackofflexibility,accuracyisnothighenough.Andthevirtualinstrumenttosolvetheseproblems,moreflexible,andfurtherenhancetheperformanceandprecision,andevensolvethetraditionalmeasurementinstrumentcannotbeachieved,thescalabilityandlowcostmakemanufacturersmoreattentiononvirtualinstrumentand.Usingthemodularinstrumentsoftwareconfigurationbasedonagoodsolutiontotheproblemofresourceallocationandrepetition,isthefuturedirectionofinstrumentdevelopment.WiththerapiddevelopmentofthetechnologyofvirtualinstrumentPCstructuresemiconductordataconverter,highperformance,andintroducesthesystemdesignsoftware,thepromotiontechnologycapabilityandcostreduction.EspeciallywiththecontinuousimprovementofPCperformance,butalsotherapiddevelopmentofthetechnologyofvirtualinstrument,andrealizesanewapplicationofmore.Highperformance,lowcostA/DandD/Aconverteranddevelopment,butalsopromotedthedevelopmentofvirtualinstrumenttechnology.Thehardwareofvirtualinstrumenttechnologycanusethemassproductionofthechipasafrontendcomponentmeasurement.Thesystemdesignofsoftwarehasbecomeamajordrivingforceforthedevelopmentofvirtualinstrumenttechnology,andusinggraphicaldataflowlanguageLabVIEWisalsowidelyusedin.Theextendedfunctionandvirtualinstrumenttechnology,morepowerful,abletodeveloptestprograminPC,intheembeddedprocessorandFPGA(fieldprogrammablegatearray)onthedesignofhardware.Thedesignfortheuserdefinedfunctiontestsystem,hardwareprovidesanindependentenvironment.Therefore,virtualinstrumenthasmanyadvantagesgraduallyreplacedthetraditionalinstrumentplaysanimportantrole,itsapplicationwillbemoreandmorewidely.Virtualinstrumentistheinstrument,measurementandcontrolthedirectionofresearchanddevelopment,NIcompany'sLabWindows/CVIasthesoftwaredevelopmentplatform,whichismuchlowerthantheobjectorientedsoftwareprogrammingdifficultycommonlyusedsoftware,thedevelopmentofhighefficiency,friendlyinterface,powerfulfunctionandexpansibility,good,thecollecteddatacanbeusedforadvancedanalysislibraryforsignalprocessing,caninordertomakethetestcurveofincomeinaccordancewiththeactualsituation,fitting.Inshort,thevirtualinstrumenthasstrongfunction,itstressedthat"softwareistheinstrument",usingsoftwareinsteadofhardware,easytodevelop,easydebugging,caneffectivelysavemoney.Usingthevirtualinstrumenttechnology,theusercandefineaspecialinstrumentsystem,andthefunctionisflexible,easytoconstruct,sotheapplicationisveryextensive.Especiallyinscientificresearchanddevelopment,testingandmeasurement,measuringfieldsistheraregoodtool.Itispowerful,canrealizeoscilloscope,logicanalyzer,spectrumanalyzer,signalgeneratorandothergeneralinstrumentallfunctions,withaspecialprobeandsoftwarecanalsobeparametersdetectionsystemspecificparameters,suchasautomobileengine,gasolinelabel,furnacetemperature,pulse,bloodECGparametersandotherdata.Inthefieldofindustrialcontrol,themajorityofclosed-loopcontrolsystemrequiresaccuratesampling,timelydataprocessingandfastdatatransmission.Thevirtualinstrumentsystemisinaccordancewiththeabovecharacteristics,thedesignisverysuitableforintegrationofthett.Inmanufacturing,excellentcomputingcapabilityofthevirtualinstrumentandthehugedatathroughputcapacitytoplayagreaterroleinthefieldofindustrialcontrol,temperaturecontrolsystem,onlinemonitoringsystem,powermetersystem,processcontrolsystem.Therapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnologyintoday'ssociety,provideagoodfoundationfortheapplicationofcomputeromnipresentvirtualinstrument.Thevirtualinstrumentissuitableforalloccasionstomeasurementdatastorage,dataprocessing,datatransmissionbycomputerassisted.Further,allmeasurementsystem,aslongastechnicallyfeasible,canbeusedinsteadofthevirtualinstrument.Thepowerfulvirtualinstrumentfunctionandpriceadvantage,soithasstrongvitalityandbroadprospectsinthefieldofmeasurementinstruments.Theneweraofelectronicsystemdevelopmenthascome."Graphicalsystemdesign"thissoftwareplatformhasintegratedseveralcalculationmodels,asmuchaspossibletimeandshortenthedesignprocess.Bypublishingtoofftheshelfhardwareprototypeplatformflexible,suchasNIFPGAbasedonCompactRIOplatform,greatlyreducingthefirstprototypeofthetime,andusedtodesigncustomhardwarerequiredtimeandmoneyarereduced.Inaddition,therealityofI/Oresults,prototypinginahigherqualityofdesign--thusavoidingdesignerrorscostlyinsubsequentproductdevelopmentcycle.Finally,inthesamesoftwareplatformrunsthroughthewholeprocessfromthedesigntotheprototypeofthefinalreleasetarget,canmaximizethereuseofcode,andforthefinalreleaseoflowerconversioncomplexity.Therefore,withthehelpofLabVIEW,theusercanhaveafromthedesign,prototypetocompletegraphicalplatformreleasedtoembeddedsystem.虛擬儀器技術儀器系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了一段很長的歷史。在其早期發(fā)展階段，儀器系統(tǒng)指的是“純粹”的模擬測量設備，例如EEG記錄系統(tǒng)或示波器。作為一種完全封閉的專用系統(tǒng)，它們包括電源、傳感器、模擬至數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器和顯示器等，并且需要手動進行設置，將數(shù)據(jù)顯示到標度盤、轉(zhuǎn)換器，或者采取將數(shù)據(jù)打印在紙張上等各種形式。在那個時候，如果要進一步使用數(shù)據(jù)，需要操作人員手動地將數(shù)據(jù)復寫到筆記本上。由于所有的事情都必須要人工去操作，所以要對實際采集到的數(shù)據(jù)進行深入分析、或者集成復雜的/自動化的測試步驟是很復雜、甚至是不可能完成的工作。一直到80年代，那些復雜的系統(tǒng)，例如化學處理控制應用等，才終于不需要占用到多臺獨立臺式儀器一起連接到一個中央控制面板，這個控制面板由一系列物理數(shù)據(jù)顯示設備，例如標度盤、轉(zhuǎn)換器等，以及多套開關、旋鈕和按鍵組成，并專用于儀器的控制?！疤摂M儀器技術”這個概念緣起于70年代末。在當時微處理器技術的發(fā)展已經(jīng)可以通過改變設備的軟件來輕松地實現(xiàn)設備功能的變化，所以要在測量系統(tǒng)中集成分析算法已經(jīng)成為可能，因此虛擬儀器技術的概念將會去改變整個的測試測量行業(yè)。在那個時候，當傳統(tǒng)儀器的供應商們還在將微處理器和廠商定義的算法嵌入到他們提供的封閉式專用系統(tǒng)中，同時，一個全新的趨勢——即打開測量系統(tǒng)、允許用戶自己定義分析算法并且配置數(shù)據(jù)的顯示方式——已經(jīng)開始形成。就這樣，虛擬儀器技術的概念誕生了。虛擬儀器技術就是利用高性能的模塊化硬件，結(jié)合高效靈活的軟件來完成各種測試、測量和自動化的應用。靈活高效的軟件能幫助您創(chuàng)建完全自定義的用戶界面，模塊化的硬件能方便地提供全方位的系統(tǒng)集成，標準的軟硬件平臺能滿足對同步和定時應用的需求。這也正是NI近30年來始終引領測試測量行業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢的原因所在。只有同時擁有高效的軟件、模塊化I/O硬件和用于集成的軟硬件平臺這三大組成部分，才能充分發(fā)揮虛擬儀器技術性能高、擴展性強、開發(fā)時間少，以及出色的集成這四大優(yōu)勢。軟件是虛擬儀器技術中最重要的部份。使用正確的軟件工具并通過設計或調(diào)用特定的程序模塊，工程師和科學家們可以高效地創(chuàng)建自己的應用以及友好的人機交互界面。提供的行業(yè)標準圖形化編程軟件——LabVIEW，不僅能輕松方便地完成與各種軟硬件的連接，更能提供強大的后續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)處理能力，設置數(shù)據(jù)處理、轉(zhuǎn)換、存儲的方式，并將結(jié)果顯示給用戶。此外，還提供了更多交互式的測量工具和更高層的系統(tǒng)管理軟件工具，例如連接設計與測試的交互式軟件SignalExpress、用于傳統(tǒng)C語言的LabWindows/CVI、針對微軟VisualStudio的MeasurementStudio等等，均可滿足客戶對高性能應用的需求。面對如今日益復雜的測試測量應用，已經(jīng)提供了全方位的軟硬件的解決方案。無論您是使用PCI,PXI,PCMCIA,USB或者是1394總線，都能提供相應的模塊化的硬件產(chǎn)品，產(chǎn)品種類從數(shù)據(jù)采集、信號條理、聲音和振動測量、視覺、運動、儀器控制、分布式I/O到CAN接口等工業(yè)通訊，應有盡有。高性能的硬件產(chǎn)品結(jié)合靈活的開發(fā)軟件，可以為負責測試和設計工作的工程師們創(chuàng)建完全自定義的測量系統(tǒng)，滿足各種獨特的應用要求。專為測試任務設計的PXI硬件平臺，已經(jīng)成為當今測試、測量和自動化應用的標準平臺，它的開放式構(gòu)架、靈活性和PC技術的成本優(yōu)勢為測量和自動化行業(yè)帶來了一場翻天覆地的改革。PXI作為一種專為工業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)采集與自動化應用度身定制的模塊化儀器平臺，內(nèi)建有高端的定時和觸發(fā)總線，再配以各類模塊化的I/O硬件和相應的測試測量開發(fā)軟件，您就可以建立完全自定義的測試測量解決方案。無論是面對簡單的數(shù)據(jù)采集應用，還是高端的混合信號同步采集，借助PXI高性能的硬件平臺，您都能應付自如。這就是虛擬儀器技術帶給您的無可比擬的優(yōu)勢。虛擬儀器技術的四大優(yōu)勢：（1）性能高。虛擬儀器技術是在PC技術的基礎上發(fā)展起來的，所以完全“繼承”了以現(xiàn)成即用的PC技術為主導的最新商業(yè)技術的優(yōu)點，包括功能超卓的處理器和文件I/O，使您在數(shù)據(jù)高速導入磁盤的同時就能實時地進行復雜的分析。此外，不斷發(fā)展的因特網(wǎng)和越來越快的計算機網(wǎng)絡使得虛擬儀器技術展現(xiàn)其更強大的優(yōu)勢。（2）擴展性強.這些軟硬件工具使得工程師和科學家們不再圈囿于當前的技術中。得益于軟件的靈活性，只需更新您的計算機或測量硬件，就能以最少的硬件投資和極少的、甚至無需軟件上的升級即可改進您的整個系統(tǒng)。在利用最新科技的時候，您可以把它們集成到現(xiàn)有的測量設備，最終以較少的成本加速產(chǎn)品上市的時間。（3）開發(fā)時間少。在驅(qū)動和應用兩個層面上，NI高效的軟件構(gòu)架能與計算機、儀器儀表和通訊方面的最新技術結(jié)合在一起。設計這一軟件構(gòu)架的初衷就是為了方便用戶的操作，同時還提供了靈活性和強大的功能，使您輕松地配置、創(chuàng)建、發(fā)布、維護和修改高性能、低成本的測量和控制解決方案。（4）無縫集成。虛擬儀器技術從本質(zhì)上說是一個集成的軟硬件概念。隨著產(chǎn)品在功能上不斷地趨于復雜，工程師們通常需要集成多個測量設備來滿足完整的測試需求，而連接和集成這些不同設備總是要耗費大量的時間。虛擬儀器軟件平臺為所有的I/O設備提供了標準的接口，幫助用戶輕松地將多個測量設備集成到單個系統(tǒng)，減少了任務的復雜性。阿爾卡特美國公司是全球領先的世界上電信設備制造商領導者之一。位于加州佩塔盧馬的接入部，開發(fā)Litespan接入平臺一種光纖數(shù)字環(huán)路載波（DLC）。DLC能夠?qū)㈦娫捁局行臋C房普通銅線上的電話業(yè)務傳遞到更遠的地方。通過LabVIEW，在相對短的時間內(nèi)開發(fā)了一個全面測試方案。同時測試對每個信道單元的16個ANSI要求的環(huán)路和4條ISDN線路的一個信道單元進行測試時，每項測試所花費的時間為12分鐘。由于一些信道單元需要測試某個溫度范圍內(nèi)的狀況，因而整個測試需要幾天的時間。AllenKlein美國阿爾卡特公司Litespan硬件質(zhì)量部的一位工程師，在程序中增加了一項功能，使得測試可以全天進行，甚至在周末也行。這項功能極大地擴展豐富了測試平臺，提高了測試效率。虛擬儀器技術是測試技術和計算機技術相結(jié)合的產(chǎn)物，是兩門學科最新技術的結(jié)晶，融合了測試理論、儀器原理和技術、計算機接口技術、高速總線技術以及圖形軟件編程技術于一體。虛擬儀器是由計算機硬件資源和用于數(shù)字分析與處理、過程通訊以及圖形界面的軟件組成的測控系統(tǒng)，它把儀器生產(chǎn)廠家定義儀器功能的方式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橛捎脩糇约憾x儀器功能，也就是說傳統(tǒng)測試中使用廠家生產(chǎn)的儀器，儀器的性能及功能在出廠時已被廠家定義，用戶只能根據(jù)自己的要求和需要選擇和使用；而虛擬儀器是在一定的硬件基礎上，用戶可根據(jù)測試的需求，編寫軟件定義自己的儀器功能。同樣的硬件配置可開發(fā)出不同的儀器，例如在儀器面板上顯示采集信號在時域的波形，那么該儀器為虛擬示波器；如果在程序中對采集信號進行FFT變換，那么該儀器就是虛擬頻譜分析儀。筆者則用LabWindows/CVI來開發(fā)虛擬經(jīng)紗張力測試儀，用來測試織機在工作時經(jīng)紗張力的變化情況。應用領域一：經(jīng)紗張力傳感器。織機在織造過程中，經(jīng)紗動態(tài)張力對織造的，順利進行有著很大的影響，張力過大，易引起斷頭，影響織造效率；張力不足易造成梭口不清，形成