中考英語(yǔ)人教版語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 專題五 介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)

中考英語(yǔ)人教版專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)專題五介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)目錄01.解析02.模擬考題01解析圖解語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)1

表示時(shí)間的介詞介詞用法示例at多用于某一具體時(shí)刻之前at

ten

o'clock在十點(diǎn)in［2015.33］表示一段時(shí)間，用于月份、四季等詞之前in

September

在九月in

summer

在夏天表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間或多久以后，常用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)The

train

will

leave

in

ten

minutes.火車(chē)將在10分鐘后開(kāi)走。介詞用法示例on用于具體的日期、某一天或某些節(jié)日之前on

May

2nd

在5月2日on

Teachers'

Day

在教師節(jié)用于表示某一天的上午、下午或晚上等on

the

evening

of

May

1st

在5月1日的晚上by意為"到……為止"，如果by之后是將來(lái)的時(shí)間，則與將來(lái)時(shí)連用I'll

finish

it

by

tomorrow

morning.

我將在明天上午之前完成它。續(xù)表介詞用法示例since意為"自……以來(lái)"，其后接具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用He

has

lived

here

since

2008.

自2008年以來(lái)他一直住在這里。She

has

been

off

work

since

Tuesday.

星期二以來(lái)她一直沒(méi)有上班。until用于肯定句,意為"直到……為止"I

stayed

until

morning.

我一直待到早晨。用于否定句，常用作not...until...,意為"直到……才"I

didn't

leave

home

until

5

o'clock.

直到5點(diǎn)我才離開(kāi)家。續(xù)表介詞用法示例during意為"在……期間"He

didn't

say

anything

during

the

party.在聚會(huì)期間，他什么都沒(méi)有說(shuō)。for表示一段時(shí)間，其后接時(shí)間段He

slept

for

eight

hours

last

night.

他昨晚睡了8個(gè)小時(shí)。before意為"在……之前"The

new

road

should

be

completed

before

the

end

of

the

year.

這條新公路應(yīng)該在年底前完工。續(xù)表介詞用法示例after［2014.32］意為"在……以后"Let's

go

for

a

walk

after

breakfast.

我們吃過(guò)早飯去散步吧。續(xù)表考點(diǎn)2

表示方位的介詞in，on和to介詞用法示例in表示在某一地區(qū)之內(nèi)的方位（屬于該范圍）Shanghai

is

in

the

east

of

China.上海在中國(guó)東部。（內(nèi)部，屬于）on表示與某一地區(qū)的毗鄰關(guān)系（兩地接壤）Hebei

is

on

the

north

of

Henan.

河北在河南北部。（外部，接壤）to表示在某一地區(qū)之外的方位（兩地沒(méi)有接壤）Japan

is

to

the

east

of

China.

日本在中國(guó)東部。（外部，不接壤）above，below，over，under和on介詞用法示例above意為"在……上方"，兩個(gè)物體互不接觸且不一定垂直在上，其反義詞是belowHe

lifted

his

hands

above

his

head.他將雙手舉過(guò)頭頂。below意為"在……下面"，不一定垂直在下，且兩個(gè)物體互不接觸Please

do

not

write

below

this

line.請(qǐng)不要在這條線下面書(shū)寫(xiě)。介詞用法示例over意為"在……上方；（部分或全部覆蓋）在……上面"They

held

a

large

umbrella

over

her.

他們給她撐起了一把大傘。under意為"在……下面"，表示垂直在下，且兩個(gè)物體互不接觸He

hid

the

box

under

his

bed.

他把盒子藏在了自己的床底下。on意為"在……上面"，表示兩物體接觸Put

the

book

on

the

table.

把書(shū)放在桌子上。續(xù)表in

front

of和in

the

front

of介詞用法示例in

front

of表示在某一空間外部的前面There's

a

park

in

front

of

the

hotel.

賓館前面有一個(gè)公園。in

the

front

of表示在某一空間內(nèi)部的前面I

sit

in

the

front

of

the

classroom.

我坐在教室的前排。其他表示方位的介詞介詞用法示例beside在……旁邊/近旁John

sat

down

beside

me.約翰坐在我身旁。by［2019.38］在……旁邊；靠近Jane

stood

by

the

window.

簡(jiǎn)站在窗邊。next

to緊挨著；在……近旁We

sat

next

to

each

other.我們緊挨著坐在一起。介詞用法示例behind［2016.53］在……后面Stay

close

behind

me.

緊跟在我身后。opposite在……對(duì)面The

store

is

opposite

the

bank.

商店在銀行對(duì)面。against緊靠；倚著；碰；撞Put

it

against

the

wall.

把它靠墻放。The

rain

beat

against

the

windows.雨點(diǎn)擊打著窗戶。續(xù)表考點(diǎn)3

表示方式的介詞介詞用法示例with意為"使用；用；以"Cut

it

with

a

knife.

用刀把它切開(kāi)。by表示用某種方式或手段He

learns

English

by

listening

to

the

English

songs.他通過(guò)聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)歌曲來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。in表示用某種材料、語(yǔ)言、聲音等He

spoke

in

a

loud

voice.他大聲說(shuō)話。介詞用法示例on表示使用機(jī)器、設(shè)備或某種樂(lè)器Is

Jack

still

on

the

phone?

杰克仍然在打電話嗎？through意為"憑借"，表示通過(guò)具體過(guò)程、方法We

can

learn

a

lot

through

doing

volunteer

work.我們可以通過(guò)做志愿工作學(xué)到很多東西。續(xù)表考點(diǎn)4

表示動(dòng)態(tài)的介詞介詞用法示例across意為"（從表面）橫過(guò)，穿過(guò)"They

ran

across

the

road.

他們跑過(guò)了馬路。through意為"（從內(nèi)部）穿過(guò)"A

bird

came

in

through

the

window.

一只鳥(niǎo)從窗戶飛了進(jìn)來(lái)。介詞用法示例past意為"（從旁邊）經(jīng)過(guò)"He

walked

past

them.

他從他們身邊走過(guò)。over意為"（從上空）越過(guò)"The

cat

jumped

over

the

wall.

那只貓?zhí)^(guò)了墻。towards意為"向，朝，對(duì)著"，僅表方向，不一定到達(dá)She

went

towards

the

bookstore.

她朝書(shū)店走去。（不一定到達(dá)）續(xù)表考點(diǎn)5

其他?？冀樵~for，against和behind介詞用法示例for［2021.24］意為"為了"Ants

were

storing

food

for

the

winter.螞蟻正在儲(chǔ)存過(guò)冬的食物。against［2018.36］意為"與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)"Jill

is

playing

against

Joe.

吉爾在與喬對(duì)陣。behind［2017.38］意為"支持"We're

behind

you

all

the

way!我們一直支持你！with和without介詞用法示例with意為"和……一起"She

lives

with

her

parents.

她和父母住在一起。意為"具有；帶有"a

book

with

a

green

cover一本有綠色封面的書(shū)without意為"缺乏；沒(méi)有"a

life

without

a

goal

沒(méi)有目標(biāo)的生活意為"不（做某事）"，常用作"without

doing

sth."He

left

without

saying

goodbye.

他不辭而別。between和among介詞用法示例between意為"在（兩者）之間"I

sat

down

between

Mary

and

Lily.

我在瑪麗和莉莉中間坐下。among意為"在（三者或三者以上）之中"Paper

is

among

the

four

great

inventions

in

ancient

China.紙是中國(guó)古代四大發(fā)明之一?？键c(diǎn)6

常見(jiàn)的介詞短語(yǔ)介詞與名詞的搭配1.at+名詞at

times

有時(shí)，偶爾

at

hand在手邊；在附近at

present目前

at

the

moment此刻，當(dāng)時(shí)at

school/home在學(xué)校/在家2.in+名詞in

time及時(shí)

in

total總共in

public公開(kāi)地［2022.29］in

doubt懷疑地

in

person親自in

return作為回報(bào)

in

silence沉默地in

trouble處于困境中

in

safety安全地；平安地in

order按順序；整齊in

difficulty處于困境中in

fact事實(shí)上［2021.29］in

a

way在某種程度上in

the

end最后in

danger處于危險(xiǎn)之中［2016.36］3.on+名詞on

time按時(shí)

on

show在展出on

foot步行

on

holiday度假on

business出差

on

purpose故意地4.其他介詞+名詞by

accident偶然

by

hand用手工as

a

result結(jié)果

for

example例如（=like）by

mistake錯(cuò)誤地介詞與形容詞的搭配（講解見(jiàn)專題三

形容詞和副詞→考點(diǎn)1

形容詞）介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配（講解見(jiàn)專題二

動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)→考點(diǎn)2

動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）其他含介詞的搭配instead

of代替at

first首先in

common共有thanks

to多虧after

all畢竟at

least至少because

of由于at

last最終in

all總共語(yǔ)境小測(cè)1.[2023云南中考]

—Hi,

Mike.

When

is

the

Space

Day

of

China?—It

falls

___

April

24

every

year.CA.at

B.in

C.on

D.for2.___

the

exam,

we'll

say

goodbye

to

our

dear

teachers,

classmates

as

well

as

our

beautiful

school.CA.In

B.For

C.After

D.Through3.We

have

learned

a

lot

from

each

other

___

sharing

our

own

way

of

learning.BA.at

B.by

C.on

D.without4.You're

doing

very

well.

Keep

it

up,

boys!

I

believe

you

will

win

the

game

___

Class

8

next

Saturday.AA.against

B.of

C.from

D.in5.Simon

showed

himself

to

be

an

excellent

manager

___

hard

work.CA.about

B.from

C.through

D.of6.—Look!

The

little

girl

is

crying.

She

must

be

___.—Let's

go

and

give

her

a

hand.BA.in

peace

B.in

trouble

C.in

silence

D.in

person7.—I

can't

believe

that

Tim

failed

the

exam.—___,

that's

good

news.

He's

been

too

proud

recently.AA.In

a

way

B.In

the

end

C.As

a

result

D.At

all

times8.It's

helpful

to

talk

with

your

friends

___

if

you

can't

agree

with

them

on

some

matters.DA.in

public

B.in

style

C.in

common

D.in

person語(yǔ)篇提升

閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。with

in

for

like

during

without

at

Ed,

William

and

Dan

are

three

young

men

who

love

music.

They've

left

their

comfortable

homes

1.________

taking

any

money

or

mobile

phones.

They

plan

to

walk

around

the

whole

Britain,

singing

2.____

dinner

and

sleeping

anywhere

3._____

parks

and

streets.withoutforlike

Ed

and

Dan

met

William

when

they

were

4.___

school.

They

all

liked

walking.

After

they

finished

school,

Ed

became

an

artist.

Dan

became

a

gardener

and

William

a

bookseller.

They

were

still

friends,

but

they

weren't

very

satisfied

5.______

their

lives.

One

day

they

said,

"Why

don't

we

start

walking?"

And

so

they

did.

They

love

simple

activities

6.___

the

busy,

stressful（充滿壓力的）

world.

"People

often

ask

us

why

we're

doing

this.

But

you

know

it's

a

great

life

and

we

can

learn

so

much

7.________

our

journey,"

says

William

proudly.atwithinduring02模擬考題單項(xiàng)填空1.My

father

keeps

healthy

___

swimming

every

day.DA.on

B.in

C.with

D.by2.[2023遂寧中考]

Look!

The

traffic

light

is

green.

We

can

go

___

the

road

now.AA.across

B.above

C.below

D.against3.The

traditional

Chinese

lunar

calendar

divides

a

year

into

24

solar

terms.

Xiaoman

usually

falls

___

May.AA.in

B.at

C.on

D.to4.—Let's

take

a

walk

___

the

river

this

afternoon,

Grace.—Sounds

great.CA.on

B.in

C.along

D.from5.Look!

The

sun

is

shining

directly

into

the

car.

You'd

better

park

it

___

the

tree.AA.under

B.in

front

of

C.behind

D.out

of6.It

was

snowing

heavily;

___,

we

canceled

the

match.BA.for

example

B.as

a

result

C.after

all

D.at

times7.—My

sister

sent

her

old

school

things

to

the

recycling

center.—Great!

I

will

also

treat

mine

___

when

I

leave

school.DA.in

a

way

B.on

the

way

C.by

the

way

D.in

this

way8.—Do

you

get

along

well

with

Mary?—Yes,

we're

good

friends.

But

we

hardly

have

anything___.

For

example,

she

likes

tidying

up.

Instead,

I

usually

make

a

mess.DA.on

show

B.in

order

C.on

duty

D.in

common語(yǔ)篇填空

請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。每詞限用一次。at

as

with

into

from

without

Think

of

all

the

ways

t