譯林版高中英語選擇性必修第三冊UNIT4預習新知早知道1學案

Ⅰ．匹配詞義Ⅰ.匹配詞義A．單詞匹配()1.assess A．(軍事)沖突，戰(zhàn)斗；爭論；矛盾()2.urgent B．內(nèi)部的；國內(nèi)的()3.preserve C．倒塌，坍塌；昏倒()4.ruin D．沖突；事件()5.conflict E．文明；文明社會()6.collapse F．破壞，毀壞；使破產(chǎn)，毀滅()7.architect G．維護，保護，保存；維持()8.incident H．建筑師，設計師()9.internal I．tomakeajudgementabout thenatureorqualityofsb./sth.()10.civilization J．thatneedstobedealtwithorhappen immediately[答案]1－5IJGFA6－10CHDBEB．短語匹配()1．weardown A．(使)逐漸磨平磨損；(使)磨平，變小()2．befacedwith B．急需……()3．befascinatedby C．為了……的利益()4．inurgentneedof D．面對……()5．a(chǎn)trisk E．相信()6．leadto F．被……迷住()7．breakout G．以……為例()8．havethebelief H．導致()9．forthebenefitof I．處于危險中()10．take．．．a(chǎn)sanexample J．爆發(fā)[答案]1－5ADFBI6－10HJECGⅡ．默寫單詞1．a(chǎn)wevt． 使驚嘆，使敬畏n．敬畏，驚嘆2．incredibleadj． 極好的，極大的；不能相信的，難 以置信的3．sculpturen． 雕像，雕塑品；雕刻術(shù)4．civiladj． 國民的；國家的；民事的5．outcomen． 結(jié)果，效果6．ecologyn． 生態(tài)，生態(tài)學7．consultationn． 咨詢，商討；就診8．suspendvt． 暫停；懸，掛9．operatorn． 操作人員，技工；接線員10．cooperationn． 合作，協(xié)作；協(xié)助，配合Ⅰ．語境填空ruin；incident；architect；preserve；suspend；outcome；sculpture；incredible；collapse；conflict1．Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction．2．Thatonemistakeruinedhischancesofgettingthejob．3．Hestudiedsculpturebecauseheenjoyedworkingwithclay．4．Herdiarywasarecordofherinnerconflict．5．Wearewaitingtohearthefinaloutcomeofthenegotiations．6．Thebridgeisliabletocollapseatanymoment．7．Itseemedincrediblethatshehadbeenthereaweekalready．8．Therewasashootingincidentnearherelastnight．9．Herhatwasfoundsuspendedbyarope．10．Hewasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftherevolution．Ⅱ．語法填空之派生詞1．Thegovernmentmustdealwiththisasamatterofurgency(urgent)．2．Environmentaldamagethreatensthewholeofcivilization(civil)．3．Incredible(credible)meansimpossibleorverydifficulttobelieve．4．Wewaitedforthreemonthsbeforegoingbacktoseethespecialist(special)．5．Thedecisionwastakenaftercloseconsultation(consult)withlocalresidents．課文助讀[1]havethebeliefthat相信(that引導同位語從句)[2]句子主干Naturaldisasterscanleadtothedestructionofheritagesites，其中thesuddenandpowerfulnaturalforces是naturaldisasters的同位語；冒號后面是舉例說明；例子中的anincredibleUNESCOculturalheritagesite是thecityofBam的同位語。[3]giveriseto引起(to是介詞)[4]本句是so連接的兩個并列分句。so所在分句使用了itisnaturalthat．．．主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)，it是形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。[5]本句是and連接的兩個并列分句。第一個分句主干是thousandsoftouristsarewearingdowntheseancientbuildings，其中climbingupthenarrowstonesteps非謂語動詞短語作定語，修飾tourists。[6]句子主干ThecityhasbeenrecognizedasthemusicalcapitalofEurope，其后的hometothelikesofMozartandBeethoven作同位語，修飾thecity，behometo是……的故鄉(xiāng)；thelikesofsb．像……那樣的人。[7]句子主干是and連接的兩個分句alargeamountofcoraliskilled和partsofthereefareseriouslyaffected。其中Duetohighseawatertemperaturescausedbyglobalwarming作原因狀語，causedbyglobalwarming過去分詞短語作定語；which引導非限制性定語從句，which用于指第二個分句的內(nèi)容。[8]句子主干是thereefcanboosttourismandfishing。Aswellasbeinghometoawidediversityofoceanspecies作狀語；providingmanyjobopportunities動詞-ing形式短語作狀語。[9]atthethoughtof原文呈現(xiàn)HeritageindangerWelcome,everybody．It'swonderfultobehere．Beforewebegin,Iwanttoaskyou:haveyoueverbeenawedbynaturalwonders?Haveyoueverbeenfascinatedbyhumancivilization?Ifso,youmightalreadyunderstandwhyUNESCOisfightingtopreservesitesofculturalandnaturalimportancetomankind．Ihavethebeliefthat[1]someofyouhaveheardaboutUNESCOheritagesitesormaybeevenvisitedone!Therearecurrentlyaround1，100sitesinmorethan160countriesworldwide．Unfortunately,theyfaceavarietyofdangersandmanyofthemareinurgentneedofprotection．Let'slookatsomespecificissues．Heritagesitesareatriskfromnaturalforces．Thelong-termnaturalforces,suchaswind,waterandtemperature,cangraduallyweardownheritagesites．Forinstance,theGreatPyramidofGizaisnowseveralmetresshorterthanitwasoriginally．Naturaldisasters,thesuddenandpowerfulnaturalforces,canleadtothedestructionofheritagesites:in2003,aterribleearthquakeshooksouth-easternIranandruinedlargepartsofthecityofBam,anincredibleUNESCOculturalheritagesite．[2]Anotherbigdangerishumanactivities．Warscancauseagreatdealofdamagetobothculturalandnaturalheritagesites．Sometimes,amazingancientclaysculpturesandbuildingsareaccidentallydestroyedbymissileattacksduringperiodsofviolence．Insomeconflictareaswherecivilwarsoftenbreakout,fightershaveevendestroyedheritagesitesonpurpose．Meanwhile,WorldHeritagestatusmaygiveriseto[3]aseriesofproblems．Oneoftheproblemsisthefloodoftourists．MillionsoftouriststraveltoUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteseveryyear,soitisonlynaturalthatthesitessufferabitofwearandtear．[4]ThetemplesofAngkorinCambodiaaretypicalexamplesofuniquearchitecture．Everyday,thousandsoftouristsclimbingupthenarrowstonestepsarewearingdowntheseancientbuildingsandthelong-termconsequencescouldleadtoirreparabledestructionoftheinternalstructure．[5]Duetohumanpopulationgrowth,thedemandforproductionandconsumptionofgoodsincreases．Widespreaddevelopmentputsourculturalandnaturalheritagesitesindanger．Manyheritagesitesareevenatriskofbeinglostforever．TaketheHistoricCentreofViennainAustriaasanexample．ThecityhasbeenrecognizedasthemusicalcapitalofEuropesincethe16thcentury,hometothelikesofMozartandBeethoven．[6]ItisnowontheListofWorldHeritageinDangerduetohigh-riseconstructionprojectsincentralVienna．Suchdangerscanhavedisastrousoutcomesnotonlyforthesitesthemselves,butalsoforpeople．Forinstance,theGreatBarrierReefoffthenorth-eastcoastofAustraliaisanaturalheritagesiteindanger．Duetohighseawatertemperaturescausedbyglobalwarming,alargeamountofcoraliskilledandpartsofthereefareseriouslyaffected,whichharmsitsfragilenaturalecology．[7]Aswellasbeinghometoawidediversityofoceanspecies,thereefcanboosttourismandfishinginthelocalarea,providingmanyjobopportunities．[8]Italsohelpsprotectthecoastlineagainstwavesandfloods．Ifthereefdisappears,manypeople'slivesandpossiblyeventheirhomeswillsuffergreatly．Heritageprotectionisatthetopoftheagendaforthebenefitofallmankind．Themoreweacknowledgetheoutstandinguniversalvalueofourheritagesites,themorelikelywearetotreatthemwithrespect．Thesesitesarethegreatwondersofourworldandtellthestoryofhumancivilization．Weallshareajointresponsibilitytoprotectandpreservethem,notjustforourselves,butforfuturegenerations．Ifyourheartbreakslikemineatthethoughtof[9]ourirreplaceableheritagebeinglostforever,pleasetakeaction．Ifyou'reinterested,pleaselookatourwebsiteandparticipateinanywayyoucan!Thankyou．譯文參考瀕危遺產(chǎn)歡迎各位。很高興來到這里。在我們開始之前，我想問你：你曾經(jīng)驚嘆自然奇觀嗎？你對人類文明著迷了嗎？如果是這樣，你們也許已經(jīng)明白為什么聯(lián)合國教科文組織正在竭力保護對人類具有文化和自然重要性的遺址。我相信你們中的一些人聽說過聯(lián)合國教科文組織的遺址，甚至可能參觀過一個！目前在全球160多個國家有大約1100個遺址。不幸的是，它們面臨各種危險，其中許多急需保護。讓我們看看一些具體的問題。遺址面臨著自然的威脅。諸如風、水和氣溫等長期存在的自然力會逐漸侵蝕遺址。例如，吉薩大金字塔現(xiàn)在比原來矮了幾米。自然災害這種突然而強大的自然力量會破壞遺址：2003年，一場可怕的地震襲擊了伊朗東