Unit-8-Knowledge-and-Wisdom市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎課件

UnitSixKnowledgeandWisdom(abridged)---BertrandRussell5/1/20241TangXiaoyun1/31AbouttheauthorBertrandRussell(1872-1970),Britishphilosopherandmathematician,wasoneoftheoutstandingfiguresof20thcenturyBritishphilosophy,andwasespeciallyimportantforhisworkinmathematicallogicandnotableforhissupportofhumanitariancauses.5/1/20242TangXiaoyun2/31HismajorworksincludePrincipiaMathematica,3vols.(1910-1913),writtenwithA.N.Whitehead,andAHistoryofWesternPhilosophy(1945).5/1/20243TangXiaoyun3/31Russellwastwiceimprisonedforactivitiesassociatedwithhisadvocacyofpacifism(1918),andawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1950.5/1/20244TangXiaoyun4/31Warm-upDiscussionWhatkindofpeopleareconsideredknowledgeable?Namesomegreatnames.Whatkindofpeopleareconsideredwise?Namesomegreatnames.Whichismuchharderinyouropinion,becomingknowledgeableorbecomingwise?Why?Whatistherelationshipbetweenknowledgeandwisdom?5/1/20245TangXiaoyun5/31MemorablequotesScienceisorganizedknowledge.Wisdomisorganizedlife.Withoutknowledge,Icannotplaytheviolin.Withoutwisdom,Icannotplaythemusic.5/1/20246TangXiaoyun6/31GlobalreadingIsthistextanarration,argumentation,descriptionorexplanation?Whatisthetopicandthesupportingdetails?5/1/20247TangXiaoyun7/31StructuralAnalysisPara.1IntroductionAlthoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.Para.2-5Body4factorsthatcontributetowisdomcomprehensivevision縱觀全局能力afullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlife對人類終級目標清醒認識emancipationfrompersonalprejudice擺脫個人偏見impartiality公正態(tài)度5/1/20248TangXiaoyun8/31Para.1Whatviewiscommonlyacceptedintermsofknowledgeandwisdom?Isthereanyorthodoxdefinitionofwisdom?Hasthewriterstatedthepurposeofthewriting?Whatisit?5/1/20249TangXiaoyun9/31Para.2-5Identifythetopicsentencesineachparagraph.5/1/202410TangXiaoyun10/31(para.2)1stfactor:comprehensivenessmixedwithasenseofproportionTopicsentence:OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.5/1/202411TangXiaoyun11/31paraphraseOftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacityto

takeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.(l.1-3)Amongcontributorstowisdom,Ishallseea

senseofproportionasthetoppriority.Itreferstotheabilitytogetacomprehensiveviewofaproblem,andinthemeantime,notewhichaspectismoreimportantandwhichisless.首先,我要提出是一個良好百分比意識,也就是能夠考慮一個問題全部主要方面,并分別給予它們適當重視能力。5/1/202412TangXiaoyun12/31Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecializedknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians.(l.3-5)Ithasbecomemoredifficultthanbeforebecausedifferentkindsoftechniciansarerequiredtospecializeinmorecomplexandwiderrangeofknowledgetoday.因為現(xiàn)在要求各類技術人員掌握專業(yè)知識越來越多，越來越復雜，要做到良好百分比意識比以前更難了。5/1/202413TangXiaoyun13/31Youstudythecompositionoftheatomfroma

disinteresteddesireforknowledge,andincidentallyplaceinthehandsofpowerfullunaticsthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace.(l.14-16)Youstudythemake-upoftheatomfroma

purelongingforknowledge,butyouputitintothehandsofmenofpowerwhoarecrazytouseittodestroythehumanrace.你出于對知識純粹渴望而研究原子組成，然而這一研究卻落入一群擁有權力狂熱分子手中，成為他們毀滅人類工具。5/1/202414TangXiaoyun14/31questionsWhatdoes“senseofproportion”mean?Why,accordingtothewriter,iscomprehensivenessanimportantfactorthatconstituteswisdom?Whatmessagedoesthewritertrytoconveywiththeexampleoftechnicians?5/1/202415TangXiaoyun15/31(para.3)2ndfactor:afullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlifeTopicsentence:Theremustbe,also,acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife.（僅有縱觀全局能力還不足以稱之為智慧），我們還應對人類終級目標有清醒認識。5/1/202416TangXiaoyun16/31QuestionsWhatdoes“theendsofhumanlife”referto?Accordingtothewriter,howarefeelingsrelatedtowisdom?5/1/202417TangXiaoyun17/31(para.4)

3rdfactor:emancipationfrompersonalprejudiceTopicsentence:Itisneededinthechoiceofendstobepursuedandinemancipationfrompersonalprejudice.在選擇我們所追求人生目標以及從個人偏見中解放出來時，智慧是必不可少。5/1/202418TangXiaoyun18/31paraphraseEvenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement.(l.3-4)Itwouldbeveryunwisetopursueagoalwhichisimpossibleofattainmentandboundtofailevenifitishonorabletorunafterit.追求一個不可能到達目標是不明智，即便它是個看似能夠實現(xiàn)，且令人感到驕傲追求目標。5/1/202419TangXiaoyun19/31QuestionsHowcanwisdomhelponeinhis/herpursuitofalife-longcareer?Whatdoes“convincingeachthattheotherhasonlythenormalshareofhumanwickedness”suggest?5/1/202420TangXiaoyun20/31(para.5)4thfactor:impartialityTopicsentence:Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.智慧本質就是盡可能從本身當前感受禁錮中解放出來。5/1/202421TangXiaoyun21/31paraphraseIthinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.(l.1-2)Ithinktheessenceofwisdomistobefreefromthecruelandunjustpracticethatisbasedonwhathappensnowandhere.我想智慧本質就是盡可能從本身當前感受禁錮中解放出來。5/1/202422TangXiaoyun22/31Graduallywiththeyears,hishorizonwidens,andinproportionashisthoughtsandfeelingsbecomelesspersonalandlessconcernedwithhisownphysicalstates,heachievesgrowingwisdom.(l.5-7)Ashegrowsolderandhaswiderexperience,accordinglyhebecomesimpersonalandhisthoughtsandfeelingsarelessconcernedwithhimself,hebecomeswiser.伴隨年紀增加，視野開闊，一個人思想和情感變得不那么個人化，與本身身體情況也不那么親密，這時他智慧就會增加。5/1/202423TangXiaoyun23/31Butitispossibletomakeacontinualapproachtowardsimpartiality,ontheonehand,byknowingthingssomewhatremoteintimeorspace,andontheotherhand,bygivingtosuchthingstheirdueweightinourfeelings.(l.9-12)Itispossibletobecomeincreasinglyimpartialbygainingknowledgeaboutthehistoryandthefuture,andaboutotherpartsoftheworld,andbyshowingduerespectandinteresttodifferentthings.不過我們有可能去不停地靠近公正，首先經過了解在時空上距離我們遙遠事物，另首先在感情上給予它們應有重視。5/1/202424TangXiaoyun24/31QuestionsWhat,accordingtoRussell,istheessenceofwisdom?Andhowcanoneacquiretheessence?Whatdoes“Thisisofcourseamatterofdegree.”mean?5/1/202425TangXiaoyun25/31QuestiontoponderDoyouagreewithRussellonhisdefinitionofwisdom?Inyouropinion,whatarethenecessaryelementsthatcontributetowisdom?

5/1/202426TangXiaoyun26/31GroupdebateWorkingroupsanddiscusstheresponsibilitiesofscientistsandphilosophers.Debateonwhosejobismoreimportant,thescientists’orthephilosophers’?5/1/202427TangXiaoyun27/31RhetoricalfeaturesParallelismtocontributeequivalentsyntacticconstructionstomaketheexpressionmoreforcefultoconveyone’sideasmoreclearlytocreateasenseoforderandproportion5/1/202428TangXiaoyun28/31Examples

para.3,l.11-12“Itisbynowmeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebut

whosefeelingsarenarrow.“para.4,l.1-2“Itisnotonlyinpublicways,butinprivatelifeequally,thatwisdomisneeded.”para.5,l.9-12“Butitispossibletomakeacontinualapproachtowardsimpartiality,ontheonehand,byknowingthingssomewhatremoteintimeorspace,andontheotherhand,bygivingtosuchthingstheirdueweightinourfeelings.“5/1/202429TangXiaoyun29/31C-ETranslationTheresultoftheexper