2015年4月自考00603英語寫作試題及答案含解析

英語寫作年月真題

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1、【問答題】Thefollowingpassageisincompletewithonebodyparagraphmissing.

Studythepassagecarefullyandwritethemissingparagraphinabout100words.

Makesurethatyourtoneanddictionareinunitywiththepassageprovided.

TheDoubtThatHauntsWhenmostpeopleareaskedtoproducesomething

creative,theyfreeze.Theypanic.Theychoke.Theyseizeupwithself-

doubt."Creativity?"theysay."Notme!"Ifyoudisbelievethisstatement,

considerhowoftenyoutrynewthingsinyourlife.Howreadilydoyoutry

somethingcreative,suchaswriting,drawingorsinging?Mostofusbelievewe

can'tcreateandhavebelieveditforsolongthatthebeliefhasbecome

reality.Peoplepossessalargecapacityforself-doubtabouttheircreative

abilityintermsofwriting,drawing,andmusic.Writingoffersaclassicexample.

About90percentofadultsbelievetheycannotwrite,althoughnearlyall

youngchildrenbelievetheycanwrite.Self-doubtseemstocreepinaswe

growolder.Iwitnessedthislastyearinacollegewritingclasswhen

theinstructoraskedthestudentsiftheyeverwroteoutsideofschool.Onestudent

raisedhishand.Whentheinstructoraskedhowmanystudentsthoughtofthemselves

aswriters,nostudents-zerooutoftwenty-raisedahand.Bycontrast,afirst

gradeteacherhadaskedherstudentsthesamequestionsandreceivedquite

differentresponses.Didanyfirstgraderswriteoutsideofschool?Twentyoutof

twenty-twohandsshotup.Didanyfirstgradersthinkofthemselvesaswriters?

Twenty-twooutoftwenty-twohandswentup.Plainly,adultsaremoreself-

consciousabouttheircreativitythanchildrenare.Drawingisanothercreative

abilitythatmanyadultsdoubttheyhave.Forinstance,atarecentfamilypartyI

suggestedweplay"Pictionary,"whichinvolvesdrawingcluesforsecretwords.

"Absolutelynot!"myfamilysaid."Wecan’tdraw."Theinterestingpart,however,

isthatweplayed"Pictionary"andhadawonderfultimewithsomeverycreative

drawings.Thisexperienceshowedmethatpeopleoftendoubttheycanbecreative

becausetheyhaven'ttried.<br/>________________________________<br/>Self-doubt

aboutcreativityinareassuchaswriting,drawing,ormusicseemsnearly

universalamongadults.Itseemsprobable,however,thatalmostalladultshave

thecapacityforcreativityinthoseareas.Peopleallhavethepotentialtobe

creativeandwouldbeabletoexpresstheircreativesideaslongastheytry.

Whatkeepspeoplefrombeingcreative?Inmyopinion,peopleareafraidoflooking

inept,sotheyhesitatetotrycreativethings.Ifpeoplewouldlearntodothings

topleasethemselvesratherthantopleaseothers,maybetheirdoubts

woulddisappear.

答案：What'smore,musicisalsoafieldinwhichmanypeoplemayturnoutto

betoostrictwiththemselveswhenever,theyhavetogiveaperformance.At

aChristmasparty,Lilywasencouragedtosingasong.Sinceshehadn’tgot

anypreparationorpracticeforit,shewasquitehesitative.However,her

singingfinallyearnedherhugefansattheparty.Inthiscase,wecansee

thatpeopletendtobelessconfidentwithoutgoodpreparationorpractice.

Whiledoingsomethingwithoutpreviewisanotherformofcreativity.

解析：仔細(xì)閱讀該篇章，我們可以看出本文屬于說明文，缺省備答的是四個(gè)主體段中的最

后一段。要合理補(bǔ)全主體段，我們需要明確該補(bǔ)充什么內(nèi)容，以及該以怎樣的方式將其呈

現(xiàn)出來。thesisstatement是補(bǔ)全文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)和指針。一個(gè)合格的thesis

statement不但是全文的中心思想句，還進(jìn)一步明確并限制了每一個(gè)主體段落的大體內(nèi)容

及行文方式。這類題目旨在考察學(xué)生對(duì)thesisstatement作用的認(rèn)識(shí)以及學(xué)生對(duì)文章的

Unity和Coherence的把握。本文的thesisstatement是：Whenmostpeopleareasked

toproducesomethingcreative,theyfreeze.第一及第二主體段中寫的是：

writingoffersaclassicexample；而第三個(gè)主體段寫的是：drawingisanother

creativeabilitythatmanyadultsdoubttheyhave；而與此同時(shí)，更重要的是篇章的

總結(jié)段明確提到：Self-doubtaboutcreativityinareassuchaswriting,drawing,

ormusicseemsnearlyuniversalamongadults；這樣，我們可以很快捕捉到關(guān)于補(bǔ)寫

內(nèi)容的一個(gè)重要信息。缺失的部分應(yīng)該是關(guān)于music的內(nèi)容。通過閱讀全文，我們能夠判

斷出本文的主體段之間的展開方式是“比較對(duì)比法”，而主體段之中的的展開方式是“舉

例法”。這樣，我們把怎么寫的問題也解決了。那么完成本題也就是順理成章的了。詳見

參考答案。

2、【問答題】E-WastesThepastfewdecadeshavewitnessedamazingadvancement

intechnology,especiallyinthefieldofelectronics.Despitethe

remarkablefacilitiesofferedbytheseadvances,theyhavegivenbirthtoanew

typeofhazardouswaste,callede-waste.E-waste,containingnumerous

poisonouswastes,makeshazardousimpactsandrendersrecyclingproblems.

Electronicwaste,ore-waste,isanybrokenorunwantedelectronicdeviceor

appliance;sometimes,itisalsocalledWEEE-wastefromelectricaland

electronicequipment.Discardedcomputers,monitors,televisions,printers,

scanners,faxmachines,mice,keyboards,CDplayers,digitalcameras,walkie-

talkiesandcellphonesformthemajorchunkofe-waste.Ithasbeenestimated

thataround50milliontonsofelectronicproductsarediscardedannuallyaround

theworld.Mostoftheelectronicwastesareproducedbydevelopednations,

whicharelaterexportedtodevelopingcountriesfordisposal.Sincethe

governmentregulationsareabsentorarenotenforcedinthesethirdworld

countries,theusedelectronicproductsareofteneasilyaccessibletothegeneral

public,whoareexposedtohealthhazardsassociatedwithe-wastes.The

primaryconcernwithe-wastesisthehazardouscontenttheycarry-Studies

indicatethatmorethan1000chemicalsincludingPVCplasticsandvarioustypes

ofgasesareusedformanufacturingelectronicproductsandtheircomponents.

Forinstance,computermonitorstypicallycontainlead,aheavymetalknown

forcausingbraindamageamongchildren.Similartomonitors,flatpanel

TVscontainlargeamountsofmercury,whichislikelytocausecancer.Switchesand

batteriescontaincadmium（鎘）andnickel,whichareharmfultohumans,animals

andplants.Metalhousingandjoints，oftencoatedwithchromiumcorrosion

protector（鍍烙防護(hù)層），causedamagetoliverandkidney.Similarly,beryllium

（鈹）dustgeneratedfromrelays,connectorsandmotherboardsarehighly

poisonoustohumans.Thewastemanagementofelectronicappliancesiscomplicated,

primarilybecausemostofthecountriesarenotabletorecyclemorethan20

percentofthee-wastetheygenerate.Theleadingreasonforthislowrateof

recyclingisthelackofinformationandinitiativeonpartoftheconsumers.In

addition,inmanypartsoftheworld,tonsofelectronicwasteisdiscardedin

illegaldumpsites,wherenowastemonitoringsystemexists.Theextensivevariety

ofthematerialsinvolvedinelectronicappliancesalsomakesthesortingtedious,

therebyrenderingthee-wasterecyclingbusinesslesseffective.Theproblemcan

onlyberesolvedbyadoptingimprovedrecyc1ingsolutionsandgeneratingpublic

drivefore-wasterecycling.E-wasterepresentsoneofthemostdiversemixtures

ofthewastecategories.Increasingatanalarmingrate,e-wastesposeserious

healthhazardstohumansandwildlife.Consumerawarenessandcommitmentare

necessaryforcontrollingtheproblem.Technologicaladvancessuchasclean

computersandappliancesarealsobeneficialsincetheycanaddresstheproblemat

root.TopicOutline

答案：Topic:E-WastesThesis:E-waste,containingnumerouspoisonouswastes,

makeshazardousimpactsandrendersrecyclingproblems.Outline:Ithe

presentsituationaboutelectronicproductsandwastesAhugenumberof

electronicproductsaroundtheworldBdevelopednationsasmainproducersofe-

wastesbutdevelopingnationsasitsmainvictimsCthelackofcorresponding

regulationsandcontrolIIhazardouscontentthate-wastesmaycarryAvarious

chemicalsinelectronicproductsandcomponentsBexampleandhazardsIIIbrief

analysisofmoreharmfulcontentindifferentproductsAaboutmercuryBabout

cadmiumandnickelCaboutchromiumDaboutberylliumIVreasonsforthelow

recyclingrateinmostcountriesAthelackofinformationandinitiativeon

partoftheconsumersBillegaldumpsiteswithoutwastemonitoringsystemV

reasonforlesseffectiverecyclingandpossiblesolutionAtedioussortingB

possiblesolutionVConclusion:E-wastesposeserioushealthhazardstohumans

andwildlife.Consumerawarenessandcommitmenttogetherwithtechnological

advancesbeingnecessaryforcontrollingtheproblem

解析：本題是對(duì)英語寫作理論簡單運(yùn)用的考察。重點(diǎn)考察學(xué)生基于閱讀能力上的分析、歸

納及總結(jié)能力。在寫作訓(xùn)練中，對(duì)于各種文體結(jié)構(gòu)的辨識(shí)、分析及把控非常關(guān)鍵。寫提綱

時(shí)，考生要注意如下事項(xiàng)：一、一個(gè)完整的提綱由三大部分組成，即

Topic,Thesis,Outline，而第三部分又是其主要部分二、書面格式：先寫什么，后寫什

么，在什么位置寫三、層次標(biāo)號(hào)：第一層關(guān)系用羅馬數(shù)字，第二層用大寫英文字母，第三

層用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，第四層用小寫的英文字母，一般情況下，不得顛倒和調(diào)換。四、提綱有

簡有繁，在保證正確的前提下，視具體情況可以往復(fù)雜寫，但最簡單的提綱要至少寫出兩

層關(guān)系，即mainideasandsub-ideas。五、提綱的類型一般來講，提綱有兩種常見類

型，即Topicoutline和Sentenceoutline。前者是指用文中的關(guān)鍵詞和短語（Thesis除

外）組成的提綱，而后者則指用主謂結(jié)構(gòu)俱全的句子組成的提綱。比較而言，前者較難把

握。本題要求的是一個(gè)Topicoutline，中心思想句中的關(guān)鍵詞為“hazardousimpacts,

recyclingproblems”。這已經(jīng)充分體現(xiàn)出提綱中第一層關(guān)系的主要內(nèi)容。我們只需分析

每一個(gè)主體段落內(nèi)部的關(guān)系，以及結(jié)論段中的結(jié)論句，并用短語的方式將其表達(dá)，即可完

成此題目。其實(shí)，每一個(gè)主體段落中的關(guān)系，也就是這個(gè)段落中各個(gè)推展句間的關(guān)系，這

樣我們就大大簡化了思路，提高了效率。

3、【問答題】Nowadaysalotoffreshmenareescortedbytheirfamiliestothe

universityontheenrollmentday.Writea300-wordexpositoryessayexpressing

yourviewsonthephenomenon.

答案：IndependenceIsIndispensableNowadaysalotoffreshmenareescortedby

theirfamiliestotheuniversityontheenrollmentday.Thereisagrowing

concernoversuchaphenomenon.Peoplearewonderingwhethertheparentshave

donetoomuchfortheirchildren.Isuniversityanewpagefortheir

independenceacquisition?Asweknow,reasonsforthephenomenonarenot

verycomplicated.Manystudentsaretheonlychildintheirfamily.Theyare

theappleoftheirparents'eyesoreventheirgrandparents',sotheyarefree

ofanyhouseworkormeniallabor.Inthiscase,moraleducationisnomore

thansomebookishthing.Studentsarelargelydependentontheirparents

andteachers.Someparentstakecareofalmosteverythingconcernedwith

theirchildren,includingstudy,work,marriageandsoon,evenafterthey

havebecomeuniversitystudentswhoshouldbecultivatedalotin

independence.Someparentsbelievethatthisislove.However,forthefuture

ofthenextgeneration,moreeffortsshouldbemadebyparentstohelptheir

childrentobeindependent.Thefundamentaloneistocultivatetheawareness,

namely,theimportanceandnecessityofbeingindependent,whichissupposedto

beginfromuniversityorevenchildhood.Childrenshouldbetaughtthatnoone

canbestrongerandmo