Unit2SportsCultureGrammarandusage課件高中英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）選擇性

Unit2SportscultureGrammarandusageNicolewroteablogpostaboutthecityhalf-marathonshetookpartin.Findthesentencesthatusethepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuousandpastperfecttensesandfillinthetablebelow.PassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustensePassivevoiceinthepastperfecttense...Ireflectedonwhathadjustbeenachieved.ExploringtherulesPassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustense...acityhalf-marathonwasbeingorganizedtohelp......eventhoughmylimitswerebeingtestedlikeneverbefore.Passivevoiceinthepastperfecttense...Ireflectedonwhathadjustbeenachieved....alotofmoneyhadbeenraisedforcharity.WorkingouttherulesThepassivevoiceinthepastcontinuoustenseisusedtorefertoanactionbeingdoneataspecifictimeinthepast.Theverbformis“_________________________”.Thepassivevoiceinthepastperfecttenseisusedtoexpressanactioncompletedbeforeapastaction.Theverbformis“______________________”.was/werebeing+過(guò)去分詞hadbeen+過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。以下幾種情況常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：①不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；②沒有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；③為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者。注意：不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但許多由“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，因而可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?；緯r(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)②一般過(guò)去時(shí)③一般將來(lái)時(shí)④現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)⑤過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)⑥現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)⑦過(guò)去完成時(shí)⑧過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)各種時(shí)態(tài)的基本形式(以肯定式動(dòng)詞do為例):do/doesdidwill/shalldoam/is/aredoingwas/weredoinghas/havedonehaddonewould/shoulddoam/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedoneam/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdonehas/havebeendonehadbeendonewould/shouldbedone八大時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：(am/is/aredone)TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：(was/weredone)The2018OlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：(shall/willbedone)The2024OlympicGameswillbeheldinParis.4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：(should/wouldbedone)Thenewswouldbesenttohimassoonasitarrived.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：(has/havebeendone)Theoldruleshavebeendoneawaywith（廢除）byus.6.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：(hadbeendone)BySeptember2nd,75goldmedalshadbeenachievedbyChineseathlesinTokyoParalympicGames.7.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：(am/is/arebeingdone)TheTokyoParalympicGamesisbeingheldnow.8.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：(was/werebeingdone)AboxinggamewasbeingheldwhenIarrived.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/werebeingdone基本用法：1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間某事正在被做。?Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhewasbeingfollowed.他匆匆趕回家，一次也沒有回頭看看是否有人跟蹤他。?Thefarmersaidtheywerebeingtrappedinthesnowstormthen.這位農(nóng)民說(shuō)他們當(dāng)時(shí)正被困在暴風(fēng)雪中。過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者，并且該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。構(gòu)成：肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+hadbeendone+其他成分否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+hadnotbeendone+其他成分疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had+主語(yǔ)+beendone+其他成分?Bythetimetheteachercamein,thefirstexperimenthadbeendone.老師進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)完成了。?Theclassroomhadn'tbeencleanedbeforetheteachercame.老師來(lái)之前教室還沒有打掃。?Hadthenewplanbeendiscussedbeforethemeetingstarted?會(huì)議開始前討論過(guò)這個(gè)新計(jì)劃嗎？用法（1）在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示從句中的動(dòng)作已被做完，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。?Theysaidtheproductioncostshadbeenreduced.他們說(shuō)生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)降低了。（2）當(dāng)bythetime，before，until，when等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，或在by和before后接表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，且主句謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)被完成，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。?Bythetimehegottotheschool,thefirstperiodhadbeenfinished.他到學(xué)校時(shí)，第一節(jié)課已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。?Howmanybuildingshadbeendestroyedwhenthehurricaneended?颶風(fēng)結(jié)束時(shí)有多少建筑物被毀？（3）在“Itwasthefirst/second/...time+that從句”句型中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“……第幾次被……”。?Itwasthefirsttimethathehadeverbeenawarded.這是他第一次獲獎(jiǎng)。（4）在虛擬條件句中，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。?IftheAIrobothadbeeninventedearlier,theproductionefficiencywouldhavebeenimproved.如果早一些發(fā)明人工智能機(jī)器人,生產(chǎn)效率就會(huì)提高了。（5）在“Hardly/Scarcelyhad...when...”和“Nosoonerhad…than…”句型中，當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示“一……就……”。?Hardlyhadthefrontdoorbeenopenedwhenwecouldsmellthegas.一打開前門，我們就聞到了煤氣的味道。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題①“一感覺(feel)”、“兩聽(hear,listento)”、“三使(make,let,have)”、“四看(see,watch,look,notice)”等動(dòng)詞在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中要跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to不可省去。Bettyisoftenseentohelp

theoldmanwithhishousework.②后跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，如果把主動(dòng)句的直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)，則間接賓語(yǔ)前常常要加介詞to或for。常接to的動(dòng)詞有g(shù)ive,tell,lend,show,pass,hand等；常接for的動(dòng)詞有buy,get等。Aspecialpresentwasgivento

meonmybirthday.Aspecialpresentwasboughtfor

meonmybirthday.③短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞，也不能將其拆開。Mygrandpaistakengoodcareof

inthehospital.不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況①不及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如rise,fail,hap-pen,last,breakout,cometrue,takeplace,belongto等。e.g.Oilprices

haverisen

sharplyinrecentweeks.②系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如appear,be,become,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn等。e.g.Thefriedchicken

stayedfreshandcrisp.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義①某些不及物動(dòng)詞（其主語(yǔ)大都指物），如smell,taste,sound,prove,lock,shut,open,read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook等，常用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。Thedoor

won’tshut.Thepoemreads

smoothly.②在need,require,worth后用動(dòng)詞-ing形式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thebath

neededrepairing=Thebathneededtoberepaired.

③toblame（責(zé)備）用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Ithinkitisyouwho

aretoblameforthisaccident.

Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Itwasanamazingachievementforaplayerwho_________________(injure)sorecently.2.Theswimmingpool_________________(clean)thoroughlythedaybeforethecompetitionbegan.3.Hefeltthathistalents_________________(waste)asabasketballplayerandwaseagerforachange.4.Tomwastoldthathisteammatewontheracewhilehe_________________(treat)bytheteamdoctor.5.Photosoftheriders_________________(take)beforetheygotontheirhorses.hadbeeninjuredhadbeencleaned/wascleanedwerebeingwastedwasbeingtreatedhadbeentakenJessicagaveanaccountofherexperienceasavolunteeratthecityhalf-marathon.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.maketrainblowplacecarrycheermaketrainblowplacecarrycheerBythetimeCathyandI,togetherwithothervolunteersforthecityhalf-marathon,arrivedat4:30a.m.,tables(1)_________________onbothsidesoftheroad.Bottlesofwaterandpapercups(2)_________________todifferenttables,soCathyandIimmediatelywenttohelp.Then,wetookourplaceatthetableandquicklystartedtoarrangethebottlesandcupssothattheylookedlikeanarmyofsoldiersstandinginlineforinspection.Itookastepback,andlookedatthescenewithsatisfaction.Forthepreviouscoupleofweeks,I(3)_________________onhowtobeavolunteerforthehalf-marathon.Idecidedtovolunteerforthisyear’shalf-marathonafterthechairmanoftheorganizingcommitteevisitedmyschool.Weweretoldthatthecompetitorswouldberaisingmoneyforcharity,andwhileIdidn’tfeelthatIhadastrongconstitutiontorunthatfar,Ithoughtthenextbestthingwouldbetohe