2024年高考英語期終全真調(diào)研卷05（新高考I卷）

絕密★啟用前2024年高考英語期終全真調(diào)研卷05（新高考I卷）解析版目錄內(nèi)容提要閱讀A篇介紹世界上四個免費(fèi)參觀博物館特色閱讀B篇輸錯捐款金額吸引更多人募集到資金閱讀C篇植物內(nèi)機(jī)制阻止干細(xì)胞基因缺陷遺傳閱讀D篇諾獎教授將主動學(xué)習(xí)的方法引入課程閱讀七選五介紹找到生活真正激情四種高效策略完形填空自建殘疾人支付得起健身房鼓勵鍛煉語法填空A)講述了呼倫貝爾大草原的美麗景色語法填空B)天舟七號飛船即將發(fā)射與天宮交會應(yīng)用文寫作回信好友介紹參加學(xué)校社團(tuán)活動經(jīng)歷讀后續(xù)寫一杯牛奶故事詮釋滴水之恩涌泉相報（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Orangesandapples. B.Sweetsandapples. C.Vegetablesandapples.2.Whoisingfortea?A.Mark. B.John. C.Tracy.3.WhereisthemangoingtospendhisChristmas?A.Inhisbrother’s. B.Inhismother’s. C.Inhissister’s.4.Wheredoesthemanmostlikelylive?A.InCanada. B.InNewYork. C.InCalifornia.5.Whyarethekidsinthewoman’syard?A.Toplaybaseball. B.InNewYork. C.Togettheirbaseballback.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.ToDisneyland. B.ToShanghaiUniversity. C.TotheOrientalPearlTower.7.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Canceltheirflight. B.Calltheirneighbors. C.Orderataxi.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whydoesthewomanwanttogohome?A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.B.Sheneedstogetsomethingtoeat.C.Shedoesn’twanttoattendthemeeting.9.Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Drivehersomewhere.B.Workonherprojectforher.C.Askforasickleaveforher.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.WhywasJimunabletofindSusan’shomeA.Hehadn’tbeentoldhowtogetthere.B.HeforgottobringthemapSusangavehim.C.Hejustspentthirteenminutessearchingforherhouse.11.WhatdoesJimwantSusantodonow?A.eandgethim. B.Givehimanewmap. C.Tellhimthedirectionagain.12.HowwillJimgotoSusan’shome?A.Onfoot. B.Bybike. C.Bybus.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Employerandemployee. B.Doctorandpatient. C.Husbandandwife.14.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardstheman’sidea?A.Negative. B.Indifferent. C.Positive.15.Whydoesthemanthinkheshouldjointhefootballteam?A.Hewasaprofessionalplayer.B.Heusedtoplayfootballverywell.C.Itisorganizedbyhisneighborhood.16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Insistonhisdiet. B.Domoreexercise. C.Jointhefootballteam.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatpartofworkdoesthespeakerdoonhisown?A.Writingdialogues. B.Developingprograms. C.Listeningtostories.18.Whatdidthespeakerplantobewheninthesecondaryschool?A.Ajournalist. B.Abasketballplayer. C.Aviolinist.19.Whendidthespeakerdecidetoworkinthevideogameindustry?A.Beforehurtinghishand.B.Beforeleavinguniversity.C.Whilestudyinginafilmschool.20.Whatdoesthespeakerlovemostabouthisjob?A.Workinginharmony. B.Gettinghighsalary. C.Winningmanyprizes.15BABCA610ABACB1115CACAB1620BACCAText1M:Doyouhaveeverythingready?W:I’msorry,butIhavetobuyapoundofsweetsandsomeapples.Text2W:John,isMarkingforteatomorrow?M:Yes,Itoldyouyesterday,Tracy!W:Ohdidyou?Sorry,Imusthaveforgotten.Text3W:WhereareyougoingthisChristmas?M:Ithoughtaboutgoingtomybrother’s,butnowI’dliketogotomymother’s.Whataboutyou?W:Well,maybeI’llgotomysister’s.Text4M:MywifeandIareplanningondrivingfromCaliforniatoCanadaforafewweeks.W:That’sexciting.MyhusbandandItookacartripfromNewYorktoCanadaafewyearsago.Itwasalotoffun.Text5W:Heykids!Whatareyoudoinginmyyard?M:I’msorry.Wewereplayingbaseball,andourballisinyouryard.W:Isee.Youarelucky.Mydogwasn’tintheyard.Nexttime,justknockonthedoor,OK?Text6M:I’msoexcitedaboutthistrip.Wehaven’thadavacationforseveralmonths.W:Iknow.Thisisgoingtobeagreatweek.IhavealwayswantedtoseeDisneyland.M:AndIwanttorevisittheOrientalPearlTowerandgotomyShanghaiUniversityclassreunion.Whattimeisourflight?W:It’sinafewhours.Weshouldreallybeonthewaytotheairportalready.Whattimeisourcarsupposedtoarrive?M:HowwouldIknow?Ithoughtyouorderedataxi.W:Oh,no!We’llnevergetataxiatthistimeofday.Let’sseeifourneighborscangiveusaride.Text7W:I’mfeelingveryshakythismorning.M:Trydrinkingsomewaterorhavingsomethingtoeat.W:Ialreadyateacake,butI’mstillfeelingstrange.M:Areyousureyou’renotsickorsomething?W:Icouldbe.M:Yeah,youdon’tlookverygood.Maybeyoushouldskipthemeetingthisafternoon.I’msureeveryonewillunderstand.W:OK.IthinkImightjustgohomenow.Doyoumindtellingthebossforme?I’llfinishmyprojectwhenIebacktomorrow,ifI’mfeelingbetter.M:Sure.Areyouokaytodrive?W:Ithinkso.I’lljustdriveslowly.Text8W:Hello.M:Hello,Susan,thisisJim.I’mcallingfromthebusstopatPineStreet.I’vebeensearchingforyourhouseforaboutthirtyminutesnow,butIcan’tfindit.Iforgottobringthemapyougaveme.W.OK.Waitrightwhereyouare.I’lleandgetyou.M:That’snotnecessary.Ifyoutellmethedirectiononceagain,I’llprobablybeallrightthistime.W:OK.Canyouseeabankonthecorner?M:Yes,there’soneacrossthestreet.W:Well,crossthestreetandwalkpasttheshoeshop.Myhouseistheseventhhousefromthecorneronyourright.M:OK.Thanks.I’msureI’llbeabletofinditthistime.Text9M:Honey,what’sthetimenow?W:It’s7.M:Oh,thefootballmatchisabouttostart.CouldyoubringmesomeFrenchfriesandabowloficecream?W:OK,anythingelse?M:No,that’sall,thankyou.Hey,dear,mypanyisorganizingafootballteamandI’dliketojoinitverymuch.Whatdoyouthinkofit?W:Tobehonest,you’dbetternot.M:Why?Afterall,Iwasagoodfootballplayerinuniversity.W:Hmm!Thatwastenyearsago.Andithasbeenatleast6yearssinceyouplayedlast.M:SowhatW:Idon’twantyoutohaveaheartattackrunningupanddownthefield.M:YoumeanIshouldgiveitup?W:Well,you’veputonweightandareinpoorhealthnow,soatleastyoushouldhaveaphysicalexaminationbeforeyoubegin.M:Well,OK,but...W:Andyoushouldchangeyourdiet,reducefattyfoods,andeatmorefruitandvegetables.Alsodomoreexercisefromnowon.M:Yeah,you’reright.Text10M:Helloeveryone.Myname’sSandyDuffyandI’mheretotellyouaboutmyjobasavideogamewriter.Iworkwithgamedevelopersanddesignerstothinkofgoodstories,andIwriteallthedialogueinthegamebymyself.WhenIwasinsecondaryschool,IneverimaginedthatIwoulddothisjob!IplayedtheviolinandthatwaswhatIplannedtodoasmyjob.ButIhadanaccidentwhenIwasplayingbasketballandhurtmyhand,soIhadtothinkofdoingsomethingelse.Mymotherwantedmetobeajournalist,butIdidn’tthinkitwasrightforme.Ididn’tknowwhattostudyatuniversity.Iwasgoodatlotsofsciencesubjects,includingPhysicsandMaths,butIalsolovedentertainingpeopleandIwasgoodatArt.Intheend,IwenttoafilmschoolwhereIstudiedlighting,specialeffects,howtouseacamera...allthat!ItwastherethatIstartedtothinkaboutworkinginthevideogameindustry.PeoplealsoaskmewhatIlikebestaboutbeingavideogamewriter.Well,themoneyisgoodandit’squiteexciting.Justlastnight,forexample,Iwasatabigdinnerwheretheyweregivingprizesfornewgames.ButwhatIlovemostisthefactthatIgetonsowellwitheveryoneinthepany.That’swhatmakesmyjobsomuchfun.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhetheryouwanttobroadenyourhorizons,entertainthefamilyoraresimplylookingforsomethingtodoonarainyday,atriptoafreemuseummightbejusttheticket.ScienceMuseumAttheScienceMuseum,youcanenjoyawardwinningexhibitionsandcollectionsspanningthesciences.FromHelenSharman’siconicspacesuittoAmyJohnson’sGipsyMothairplane,exploretheextraordinarystoriesofhumanachievementsandthechallengeswehaveovere.Youcanbookyourfreeadmissionticketonitswebsite.NaturalHistoryMuseumLondon’sworldfamousmuseumishometoover80millionobjectsandspecimensincludingplants,creatures,dinosaurfossils,rarebugsandmore.Billionsofyearsofnaturalhistoryisallopentovisitors,pletelyfreeofcharge.YoucanevengetupclosetocollectionsmadebyCharlesDarwin.DiscoveryMuseumTheDiscoveryMuseumoffersagreatselectionofexhibitstothewholefamily.Hereyoucanstandinaweattheworld’sfirststeamturbinepoweredshipTurbiniawhichstandsproudinthecentralhall.Italsoofferseducationalworkshopsandalsoprovidesawealthofonlinecontentforvirtuallearningopportunities.Themuseumisfreeofcharge.VictoriaandAlbertMuseum(V&A)Forartanddesignlovers,theVictoriaandAlbertMuseumistheperfectfreetovisitattractioninBritain’scapital.NamedafterPrinceAlbertandQueenVictoria,wholaidthebuilding’sfoundationstonein1899,theV&Ahasanimpressivecollectionoforiginalmasterpieces,contemporaryart,architecturalmarvelsandevenafantasticfashiongallery.Aswellasdozensoffreepermanentexhibitionsavailableinhouseandonline,theV&Aalsohoststemporarycollectionsandeventsthroughouttheyear,manyofwhicharealsopletelyfree!21.WhatcanvisitorsdoattheScienceMuseum?A.Exploretheworld’sfirstship.B.Enjoysomecontemporaryart.C.AdmireCharlesDarwin’scollections.D.Learnaboutthegreatpeopleandtheirachievements.22.Whichmuseumprovidesexhibitsforthewholefamily?A.ScienceMuseum. B.NaturalHistoryMuseum.C.DiscoveryMuseum. D.VictoriaandAlbertMuseum.23.Whatdothefourmuseumshaveinmon?A.Theyofferfreevisits. B.Theyareworldfamous.C.Theyshowdiverseships. D.Theyareinthesamecity.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個可以免費(fèi)參觀的博物館。21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ScienceMuseum部分中的“FromHelenSharman’siconicspacesuittoAmyJohnson’sGipsyMothairplane,exploretheextraordinarystoriesofhumanachievementsandthechallengeswehaveovere.(從海倫?沙曼的標(biāo)志性太空服到艾米?約翰遜的吉普賽蛾飛機(jī)，探索人類成就的非凡故事和我們克服的挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，游客在ScienceMuseum(科學(xué)博物館)可以了解到杰出的人物和他們的成就，故選D。22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DiscoveryMuseum部分中的“TheDiscoveryMuseumoffersagreatselectionofexhibitstothewholefamily.(探索博物館為全家人提供精選的展品。)”可知，DiscoveryMuseum(探索博物館)為來參觀的家庭提供了豐富的展品選擇，故選C。23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Whetheryouwanttobroadenyourhorizons,entertainthefamilyoraresimplylookingforsomethingtodoonarainyday,atriptoafreemuseummightbejusttheticket.(無論您是想開拓視野、與家人共度歡樂，還是只是想在雨天找點(diǎn)事做，免費(fèi)參觀博物館可能就是您的最佳選擇。)”可知，這四個博物館的共同之處在于它們都是免費(fèi)的，故選A。BMichaelandhiswife,newresidentsinaSanFranciscoapartment,learnedabouttheirneighborJeffDunan’svolunteerworkforBangladeshRelief,anorganizationthatprovidesfood,clothingandessentialsuppliesfordisadvantagedpeopleinnorthernBangladesh.Inspired,Michaeldonated$150toDunan’sGoFundMecampaign.However,acreditcardnotificationalertedhimtoanunintended$15,041charge.Whenhesawthefivefigurenumber,hewasconfused.Soon,itallmadesense.Michael’screditcardnumberstartedwithfourandone.Clearly,heaccidentallybegantypinghiscreditcardinformationwhilehiscursor(光標(biāo))wasstillinthedonationbox.MichaelplannedtocallDunantoexplain,butbeforehehadthechancetodothat,hestartedreceivingFacebookmessagesfromShohagChandra,thecharity’sBangladeshbasedprogrammanager,thankinghimforhisgenerousdonation.Afterhelookedthroughthephotosofpeopleholdingthankyousignsthatreadhisname,Michael’sheartsank.Hefeltterriblethathehadtowithdrawhishandsomedonation.Oncehisoriginalcontributionwasrefunded,hedecidedtodonate$1,500.AlthoughMichaelhadtoldhisfamilyandfriendsaboutthetale,hedecidedtoshareitpubliclyonsocialmedia,afterDunantoldhimtheorganizationwasdesperatelyinneedoffunds.“TheleastIcoulddowastakethetimetopostthisstoryonlineandseeifIcouldinspireotherpeopletodonatetothecause,”Michaelsaid.Littledidheknow,though,thatthestorywouldbeseenfarandwide,endingupraisingmorethan$120,000forBangladeshReliefinthespanofonlyafewweeks—abouteighttimesMichael’smistakendonation.AccordingtoDunan,morethan3,700peoplehavecontributedbecauseofMichael’spost.Michaelhasbeenstunned(震驚)bytheongoingoutpouringofsupport.“NeverinmywildestdreamsdidIimaginethisreaction,”hesaid.“Peoplecanbeamazingwhentheyetogetherforsomethinglikethis.”24.HowdidMichaelmakethelargedonation?A.Heinputanincorrectamount. B.Heencounteredasystemerror.C.HewasgreatlyinspiredbyDunan. D.Heenteredwrongcreditcarddetails.25.WhydidMichael’sheartsinkaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Hesawpeopleindespair. B.Hefailedtoofferenoughmoney.C.Hedidn’treceivethefullrefund. D.Herealizedthescaleofhismistake.26.WhatmotivatedMichaeltosharethestoryonsocialmedia?A.Dunan’srequestforpublicity. B.Adesireforpersonalrecognition.C.Theorganization’surgentneedforfunds. D.Pressurefromhisfamilyandfriends.27.Whatmessagedoesthestoryconvey?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.C.Alwaysprepareforarainyday. D.Agoodbeginningishalfofvictory.【答案】24.A25.D26.C27.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了主人公Michael輸錯捐款金額后將故事分享到網(wǎng)上，結(jié)果吸引了更多人關(guān)注孟加拉國的災(zāi)情，募集到了更多的資金。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Michael’screditcardnumberstartedwithfourandone.Clearly,heaccidentallybegantypinghiscreditcardinformationwhilehiscursor(光標(biāo))wasstillinthedonationbox.(邁克爾的信用卡號碼是以4加1開頭的。很明顯，當(dāng)他的光標(biāo)還在捐款箱里時，他不小心開始輸入他的信用卡信息。)”可知，邁克爾捐了一大筆錢，因?yàn)樗斎氲慕痤~不正確。故選A。25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“MichaelplannedtocallDunantoexplain,butbeforehehadthechancetodothat,hestartedreceivingFacebookmessagesfromShohagChandra,thecharity’sBangladeshbasedprogrammanager,thankinghim’forhisgenerousdonation.Afterhelookedthroughthephotosofpeopleholdingthankyousignsthatreadhisname,Michael’sheartsank.Hefeltterriblethathehadtowithdrawhishandsomedonation.Oncehisoriginalcontributionwasrefunded,hedecidedtodonate$1,500.(邁克爾計(jì)劃打給杜南解釋，但在他有機(jī)會這么做之前，他開始收到慈善機(jī)構(gòu)孟加拉國項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理肖哈格?錢德拉發(fā)來的臉書信息，感謝他的慷慨捐贈。當(dāng)他看完那些舉著寫有他名字的感謝牌的人的照片后，邁克爾的心沉了下去。他不得不收回他的大筆捐款，這讓他感到很難過。一旦他的原始捐款被退還，他決定捐贈1500美元。)”可知，此時他認(rèn)識到自己的大筆捐款產(chǎn)生了很大的影響，所以開始后悔自己申請退款的舉動。故選D。26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AlthoughMichaelhadtoldhisfamilyandfriendsaboutthetale,hedecidedtoshareitpubliclyonsocialmedia,afterDunantoldhimtheorganizationwasdesperatelyinneedoffunds.(雖然邁克爾已經(jīng)告訴了他的家人和朋友這個故事，但在杜南告訴他該組織急需資金后，他決定在社交媒體上公開分享。)”可知，邁克爾是在杜南告訴了他這個團(tuán)體急需資金之后決定在網(wǎng)上分享這件事的。故選C。27.推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合最后一段的“Littledidheknow,though,thatthestorywouldbeseenfarandwide,endingupraisingmorethan$120,000forBangladeshReliefinthespanofonlyafewweeks—abouteighttimesMichael’smistakendonation.AccordingtoDunan,morethan3,700peoplehavecontributedbecauseofMichael’spost.Michaelhasbeenstunned(震驚)bytheongoingoutpouringofsupport.“NeverinmywildestdreamsdidIimaginethisreaction,”hesaid.“Peoplecanbeamazingwhentheyetogetherforsomethinglikethis.”(然而，他并不知道，這個故事會被廣泛傳播，最終在短短幾周內(nèi)為孟加拉國救濟(jì)組織籌集了12萬多美元——大約是邁克爾錯誤捐款的8倍。據(jù)杜南說，有超過3700人因?yàn)檫~克爾的帖子而捐款。邁克爾被源源不斷的支持驚呆了:“我做夢也沒想到會有這樣的反應(yīng)，”他說?！爱?dāng)人們聚在一起做這樣的事情時，他們會很了不起?！?”可知，文章主要敘述了Michael為什么一開始決定捐款、捐款金額有誤的原因以及后續(xù)如何吸引了更多人捐款的故事。故事始于Michael一個人的善意，結(jié)尾時3700多人都加入了捐款活動，短時間內(nèi)就籌集到了大筆資金。因此，B項(xiàng)“眾人拾柴火焰高”正確。A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.(行動勝于言語)；B.Manyhandsmakelightwork.(眾人拾柴火焰高)；C.Alwaysprepareforarainyday.(未雨綢繆)；D.Agoodbeginningishalfofvictory.(良好的開端是成功的一半)。故選B。CScientistshaveshownhowplantscanprotectthemselvesagainstgenetic(基因的)damagecausedbyenvironmentalstresses.Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveaninbuiltmechanism(機(jī)制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.Plantshavesmallpopulationsofstemcells(干細(xì)胞)atthetipsoftheirrootsandshoots,whichenablethemtocontinuouslygrowandproducenewtissuesthroughouttheirlifetime.Thesestemcellsserveasancestorsforplanttissuesandorgans.However,anygeneticfaultspresentinthestemcellswillcontinuetoexistandbepassedonpermanentlythroughouttheplant’slife,whichcouldlastthousandsofyears.Giventhecriticalroleofstemcellsandtheirexposuretopotentiallydangerousenvironmentsatthegrowingtipsofrootsandshoots,safeguardsarenecessarytopreventstemcellfaultsfrombeingfixed.ResearchersNickFulcherandRobertSablowski,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,aimedtouncovertheseprotectivemechanisms.ThroughexperimentsinvolvingXraysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamageparedtoothercells.WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthepropagationofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues.Thisprocesshassimilaritiestothesafeguardmechanismfoundinanimalcells,whichhasbeenbroadlystudiedduetoitsrelevanceinpreventingcancer.Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.28.Whatisthefunctionoftheinbuiltmechanisminplants?A.Toproducemorerootsandshoots. B.Toincreasetheoveralllifetimeoftheplant.C.Toenhanceplantgrowthandnutrientintake. D.Tostopgeneticfaultsinstemcellspassingon.29.Whatcanweknowaboutstemcellsinplantsaccordingtothetext?A.Theyarerelativelyabundantinquantity. B.Theyareresistanttoenvironmentalstresses.C.TheymakequickresponsetoDNAdamage. D.TheyhavetheabilitytorepairdamagedDNA.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“propagation”inparagraph4mean?A.Spread. B.Change. C.Existence. D.Selfrepair.31.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocuson?A.Thewayofdealingwithclimatechangeontheearth.B.Thesignificanceofidentifyingtheprotectivesysteminplants.C.Themethodofensuringplantsurvivalunderenvironmentalstress.D.Theurgencyofdevelopingplantsthatcanhandleenvironmentalstress.【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)展示了植物如何保護(hù)自己免受環(huán)境壓力造成的遺傳損害，即植物擁有內(nèi)建機(jī)制，來阻止干細(xì)胞中的基因缺陷遺傳下去。28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thegrowingtipsofplantrootsandshootshaveaninbuiltmechanism(機(jī)制)thatspellscelldeathifDNAdamageisdetected,avoidingpassingonfaultyDNA.(植物的根和芽的生長尖端有一個內(nèi)置的機(jī)制，如果檢測到DNA損傷，就會導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡，從而避免將有缺陷的DNA傳遞給下一代)”可知，植物內(nèi)建機(jī)制的功能是阻止干細(xì)胞中的基因缺陷遺傳下去。故選D。29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ThroughexperimentsinvolvingXraysandchemicals,theydiscoveredthatstemcellsweremoresensitivetoDNAdamageparedtoothercells.(通過涉及x射線和化學(xué)物質(zhì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)干細(xì)胞比其他細(xì)胞對DNA損傷更敏感)”可知，植物中的干細(xì)胞對DNA損傷做出快速反應(yīng)。故選C。30.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“WhenDNAdamageoccurs,thecellshavethecapacitytodetectitandcauseprogrammedcellstodie,preventingthe”以及后文“ofthedamagedgeneticcodetotherestoftheplanttissues”可知，當(dāng)DNA受損時，細(xì)胞有能力檢測到它，并導(dǎo)致程序化細(xì)胞死亡，防止受損的遺傳密碼傳播到植物組織的其他部分。故劃線詞意思是“傳播”。故選A。31.主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theidentificationofasimilarprotectivesysteminplantsisofgreatinterestinthefieldofplantdevelopment.Italsohelpsscientistsdevelopplantsthatcanbetterhandleenvironmentalstress.Soknowledgeofhowplantsdealwiththesestressesisoffundamentalsignificancetoagriculturalscience’sresponsetoclimatechange.(在植物中發(fā)現(xiàn)類似的保護(hù)系統(tǒng)在植物發(fā)育領(lǐng)域具有重要意義。它還幫助科學(xué)家培育出能夠更好地應(yīng)對環(huán)境壓力的植物。因此，了解植物如何應(yīng)對這些壓力對農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)應(yīng)對氣候變化具有重要意義)”可知，最后一段的重點(diǎn)是識別植物保護(hù)系統(tǒng)的意義。故選B。DCarlWieman,aNobelPrizewinningphysicistatStanfordUniversity,excelledinthelab,wherehecreatedtheBoseEinsteincondensate(玻色愛因斯坦凝聚態(tài)).However,hismasteryinthelabdidnotextendtotheclassroom.Foryears,hewrestledwithwhatseemedtobeastraightforwardtask:makingundergraduatesprehendphysicsashedid.Layingitoutforthem—explaining,evendemonstratingthecoreconceptsofthediscipline—wasnotworking.Despitehisclearexplanations,hisstudents’capacitytosolvetheproblemsheposedtothemremainedinadequate.Itwasinanunexpectedplacethathefoundthekeytotheproblem:notinhisclassroomsbutamongthegraduatestudents(研究生)whocametoworkinhislab.WhenhisPH.D.candidatesenteredthelab,Wiemannoticed,theirhabitsofthoughtwerenolessnarrowandrigidthantheundergraduates.Withinayearortwo,however,thesesamegraduatestudentstransformedintotheflexiblethinkershewastryingsoearnestly,andunsuccessfully,tocultivate.“Somekindofintellectualprocessmusthavebeenmissingfromthetraditionaleducation,”Wiemanrecounts.Amajorfactorinthegraduatestudents’transformation.Wiemanconcluded,wastheirexperienceofintensesocialengagementaroundabodyofknowledge—thehourstheyspentadvising,debatingwith,andrecountinganecdotestooneanother.In2019,astudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesbackedthisidea.Trackingtheintellectualadvancementofseveralhundredgraduatestudentsinthesciencesoverthecourseoffouryears,itsauthorsfoundthatthedevelopmentofcrucialskillssuchasgeneratinghypotheses(假設(shè)),designingexperiments,andanalyzingdatawascloselyrelatedtothestudents’engagementwiththeirpeersinthelab,ratherthantheguidancetheyreceivedfromtheirfacultymentors(導(dǎo)師).WiemanisoneofagrowingnumberofStanfordprofessorswhoarebringingthis“activelearning”approachtotheircourses.Hisaspirationistomovescienceeducationawayfromthelectureformat,towardamodelthatismoreactiveandmoreengaged.32.WhatproblemdidCarlWiemanhavewithhisundergraduates?A.Makingthemexcelinthelab. B.Demonstratinglabexperiments.C.Facilitatingtheirallrounddevelopment. D.Enhancingtheirphysicsproblemsolving.33.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegraduatestudentswhofirstjoinedWieman’slab?A.Limitedinthinking. B.Resistanttonewideas.C.Flexibleandearnest. D.Experiencedandcooperative.34.Whatiscrucialfordevelopingstudents’intelligentthoughtaccordingtothe2019study?A.Intenselabwork. B.Peerpressureandevaluation.C.Academicinteractionwithfellows. D.Engagementwithexternalsociety.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TransformingGraduates’Habits B.CarlWieman’sNobelPrizeJourneyC.TheNobelPrizeWinner’sStruggles D.CarlWieman’sEducationInnovation【答案】32.D33.A34.D35.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了諾貝爾獎獲得者美國斯坦福大學(xué)教授將“主動學(xué)習(xí)”的方法引入課程，希望將科學(xué)教育從講座形式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N更加積極和更加投入的模式。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Layingitoutforthem—explaining,evendemonstratingthecoreconceptsofthediscipline—wasnotworking.Despitehisclearexplanations,hisstudents’capacitytosolvetheproblemsheposedtothemremainedinadequate.(向他們解釋，甚至展示這門學(xué)科的核心概念，都沒有起到作用。盡管他解釋得很清楚，但他的學(xué)生解決問題的能力仍然不足。)”可知，加強(qiáng)物理問題的解決能力是本科生的問題。故選D。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Withinayearortwo,however,thesesamegraduatestudentstransformedintotheflexiblethinkershewastryingsoearnestly,andunsuccessfully,tocultivate.(然而，在一兩年內(nèi)，這些同樣的研究生轉(zhuǎn)變成了靈活的思想家，他一直在努力培養(yǎng)這些思想家，但沒有成功。)”可知，思維有限是首次加入Wieman實(shí)驗(yàn)室的畢業(yè)生的問題。故選A。34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Amajorfactorinthegraduatestudents’transformation.Wiemanconcluded,wastheirexperienceofintensesocialengagementaroundabodyofknowledge—thehourstheyspentadvising,debatingwith,andrecountinganecdotestooneanother.In2019,astudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesbackedthisidea.(他總結(jié)說，研究生轉(zhuǎn)變的一個主要因素是他們圍繞知識體系的強(qiáng)烈社會參與體驗(yàn)——他們花費(fèi)大量時間相互建議、辯論和敘述軼事。2019年，美國國家科學(xué)院院刊發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究支持了這一觀點(diǎn)。)”可知，根據(jù)2019年的研究，發(fā)展學(xué)生智力思維的關(guān)鍵是與外部社會的接觸。故選D。35.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“WiemanisoneofagrowingnumberofStanfordprofessorswhoarebringingthis“activelearning”approachtotheircourses.Hisaspirationistomovescienceeducationawayfromthelectureformat,towardamodelthatismoreactiveandmoreengaged.(越來越多的斯坦福大學(xué)教授將這種“主動學(xué)習(xí)”的方法引入他們的課程，維曼就是其中之一。他的愿望是將科學(xué)教育從講座形式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N更加積極和更加投入的模式。)”結(jié)合文章段落大意，文章第一段是講CarlWieman在教學(xué)中發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的思維能力和解決問題的能力較差；第二、三段關(guān)于他如何找到的解決方案——在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究生身上發(fā)現(xiàn)思維能力的提升關(guān)鍵是和同伴進(jìn)行的學(xué)術(shù)交流。第四段是結(jié)果——越來越多的教授們在課程教學(xué)中采用積極學(xué)習(xí)的模式。可知本文主要介紹了諾貝爾獎獲得者美國斯坦福大學(xué)教授將“主動學(xué)習(xí)”的方法引入課程，希望將科學(xué)教育從講座形式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N更加積極和更加投入的模式，選項(xiàng)D“CarlWieman’sEducationInnovation(卡爾·維曼的教育創(chuàng)新)”符合本文題目。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。FourTipstoDiscoverYourTruePassionTruepassionistheemotion,feeling,anddesirethatarisesoutofloveforsomething.It’stheforcethatmagnifies(放大)yourcapabilitiesforthebenefitofexcellentperformance.Thisisbecauseit’sapowerfulmotivationforbestperformanceandeveryonewantstogetthere.36Findingwhatyou’repassionateaboutisalongroadthatrequireseffortandthefollowingaresomeusefultips.Searchyourchildhood.Thepurityandtruthofyourbeingareintheearlystagesoflife.Tothatend,goingbacktothethingsyoulovedbackthenisalwaysanexcellentindicationofmarkedpreferences.Didyouwanttobeadoctor?37Theseareallcluesthatbegintopointtheway.Whileit’struethatchildrenhaveseveralpreferencesintheirearlystages,it’sactuallyquiteeasytofigureoutwhichtheyprioritize(優(yōu)先考慮).Experimentanddiscover.Doingthesameactivitiesdayafterdayclosesanyprobabilitiestosucceedinfindingyourtruepassion.38Thiscreatesatrialanderrorscenario(設(shè)想)thatpromotesapositiveouteinlesstime.Focustofindyourtruepassion.Youmustforgetaboutthemyththatdoingwhatyou’repassionateaboutwillbeeasyandpleasant.Thisisbecausethere’llalwaysbeinconveniencesinanyactivityyouundertake.Beyondthat,don’tlosefocusonthefactthatthesearetemporarymoments.39Rememberthatyouragedoesn’tmatter.40Encouragingyourselftotakethefirststepcanbedifficultduetosomeofsociety’sobsolete(被淘汰的)barriers.Thetruthisthatyoumustallowyourselftoachieveandshowyourtastesleavingasideanyobstacles,especiallythosethatareselfimposed(自己強(qiáng)加的).It’snevertoolate!A.Wereyouinterestedininsects?B.Takeavarietyofcourseseachmonth.C.Doyouknowthemeaningofpassion?D.Ageisn’tnecessarytofindoutyourtruepas