Islam(伊斯蘭英文版)

Islam1.Theestablishmentand

ExpansionofIslamism

2.Doctrines(教義)

3.Influence4.CulturecontentMuhammadBornin570inMecca麥加OrphanedatanearlyageandbroughtupbyhisuncleMarriedat25witharichwidowRetreatedtoacaveonamountaintopformeditationandreflectionAt40,receivedhisfirstrevelationfromGodAllahPreachedpublicly,proclaimingthat“GodisOne”,andthathehimselfwasaprophetandmessengerofGod.First3years,only30followersPersecutedbytheauthorityinMecca.andmigratedtoMedina麥地那〔一〕SixBeliefs〔六大信條〕〕〔二〕FiveDuties〔五功〕DoctrinesTheQur'an

SixBeliefs六大信條

BelieveinAllah信安拉BelieveinProphets信使者BelieveinAngel信天使BelieveinBookssentbyGod信經(jīng)典BelieveinDayofJudgement信末日BelieveinDestiny信前定Fiveduties〔五功〕Professionoffaith(念功)“ThereisnogodbutGod,andMuhammadistheMessengerofGod”〔萬物非主，唯有真主,穆罕默德是主的使者〕Prayer(禮功)-topray5timesadayFasting(齋功)-noeatinginSeptemberCharity(課功)-topaytaxPilgrimage(朝功)-pilgrimagetoMecca〔去麥加朝圣〕Prayer(禮功)thedaily5timesprayerSalatal-Fajr晨禮〔sunrise〕Zuhr響禮〔atnoon〕Asr晡禮(afternoon〕Maghrib昏禮〔sunset〕Isha宵禮〔evening〕Fasting〔齋功〕

ThewholeSeptemberofeveryyearisforfastingMuslimsareprohibitedfromeating,drinking,smoking,andengaginginsexualintercoursefromdawntosunsetPilgrimage(朝功)1.promotetheunityofloosetribe[traib]部落andtribal[‘traib?l]culturehasbeendeveloped(使各個地區(qū)的文化得以傳播、交流)2.Thecrystalofmankindandhugedevelopmentofscience(人類偉大文明的結(jié)晶及科學技術(shù)事業(yè)的開展)InfluenceTheriseofIslamistheideological(思想上的)reflectionofpeopleaskingforthedevelopmentofeconomyandpoliticalunityMuhammadwascompliedwiththeneedsofhistoryfoundingtheIslamandpromotethesocialprogressEidAl-Fitr(開齋節(jié))Maulidal-Nabi(圣紀節(jié)〕Eidal-Adha(宰牲節(jié))

MajorFestivalsEidAl-Fitr(開齋節(jié),肉孜節(jié),大尓德)伊斯蘭歷每年9月〔萊麥丹月〕為齋月，凡成年健康的男女穆斯林，都應(yīng)全月封齋，即每日從拂曉至日落禁止飲食、娛樂和房事。封齋第29日黃昏如見新月，次日即為開齋節(jié)；如不見月，那么再封一日，共30天，第二日為開齋節(jié)，慶祝一個月齋功圓滿完成Maulidal-Nabi(圣紀節(jié)〕相傳，穆罕默德〔約570一632年〕的誕辰和逝世都在伊斯蘭歷3月12日，穆斯林為紀念先知穆罕默德復(fù)興伊斯蘭教，遂在他誕辰和逝世的這天舉行宗教集會，后逐漸演變?yōu)橐了固m三大宗教節(jié)日之一。節(jié)日活動通常由當?shù)厍逭嫠乱连斈恐鞒?。屆時，穆斯林沐浴、更衣，穿戴整齊，到清真寺禮拜，聽阿訇念誦《古蘭》啟示，講述伊斯蘭歷史和穆罕默德復(fù)興伊斯蘭教的豐功偉績。

Eidal-Adha宰牲節(jié)，古爾邦節(jié)

會禮是古爾邦節(jié)的核心內(nèi)容之一。穆斯林沐浴更衣后會聚于城市中心清真寺或?qū)挄车慕家芭e行盛大會禮儀式，以誦讀《古蘭》和紀念先知、贊美圣賢為主要內(nèi)容。各地穆斯林每年逢此日，都要戒食半日，俟會禮后進食。各地穆斯林于節(jié)日前三天須備好牲靈〔羊、