北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2020～2021學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高三英語(yǔ)試卷

北京市朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2020～2021學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高三英語(yǔ)試卷2020.11(考試時(shí)間90分鐘滿分100分)本試卷共10頁(yè)?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，25分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。OneMothertoAnotherOnWednesdayevening,ourdaughter,whowasataboardingschoolover200kilometersaway,toldusthatshehadlostherphonewhenshetookpartinanactivityoffcampus.Werealizedthatwehadlittlechanceoffindingit.Thenextmorning,myphonebeeped(嗶嗶響)loudly.Akindvoiceannouncedthatshehadsomethingthatbelongedtomydaughter.I1thatIlivedathreehourdriveaway,andtoldherIwouldaskafriendtofetchthephone.Mydaughterhadwrittenmynumberontheinsideofherphone’scase—goodthinking!AftercontactingthepeopleIknowwholivedneartheschool,Iwasoutof2—noonecouldgoand3thephone,notsurprisinglyasitwastheworkingdayandeveryonewasbusy.Idecidedtoasktheladytopostthephonetomydaughter.ButwhenIsentheratexttoaskifthiswouldbeOK,shereplied,“Wewill4itandwe’regoingtodrivedowntotheboardingschooltonight.”Tomy5,thiswonderfulcouple,whohadalreadyspentabusydayatwork,wasmakingaroundtriponthenight,6forreturningaphonetoapletestranger.Howtouchingitwas!Igavethemdirectionsandthey7thephoneintothehandsofmydaughteratherboardinghouse.Theonlywordofanexplanationwas,“I’vegotchildrenofmyown,andIknowhowamother8.”Wehadthoughtthatthechanceofgettingbackthephonewas9,butwegotitbackinsuchashorttime.Itwasawonderfulreminderofthegoodintheworldandhowtheactionsofonepersoncan10theworldtoanother.1.A.suggested B.reported C.explained D.argued2.A.date B.luck C.work D.control3.A.pickup B.carryout C.handin D.giveaway4.A.find B.show C.miss D.take5.A.regret B.surprise C.amusement D.disappointment6.A.especially B.certainly C.definitely D.probably7.A.conducted B.arranged C.delivered D.identified8.A.doubts B.interests C.predicts D.worries9.A.free B.slim C.hard D.fair10.A.tell B.face C.mean D.join第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。 AIlovemycampusverymuch.IthasalotofbuildingstraditionalinChinesestylebutmoderninequipment.Havingclassesinthemalways__11__(make)mefeelexcitedwiththebusyworldandrelaxedaboutthelonghistoryofournation.Outofthehousesarebeautifulgardens__12__(surround)bytrees.Inthemorning,wereadaloudbythelakeorbehindthehill.TheairissofreshandsweetthatveryoftenIthinkhow__13__(luck)Iamtostudyinsuchabeautifulcampus.BWhalesusesoundtogetinformationaroundthem.Byconstantly__14__(send)outsoundsthathitunderwaterobjectsandeback,whalesreceiveinformation.Thiswayofusingsoundiscalledsonar.Recently,scientistshavefoundthatwhales__15__(harm)bythepowerfulsonaringfromships.Thisproblemisbeingstudied,andpeople’slevelofawarenessoftheproblemis__16__(high)thaneverbefore.Nowshipsaroundtheworldaretryingtobemorecarefulwhenusingsonar.CRuleshelpuslivetogetherinamunity.Atmylocalpark,thereisasignthatreads,“Keepoffthegrass.”Becauseourmunityhasaneedforanicegreenspace__17__(relax),weareexpectedtokeepourparkcleanandingoodconditionforeveryone’senjoyment.Ifonepersonbreakstherules,morepeople__18__(follow)himanddowhattheywant.Inamunity,rulesareinplacetoprotecteveryone.Whatwedoand__19__weactaffecteveryone,notjustourselves.Weneedrulesinordertolive__20__(safe).第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AArbeiaRomanFort(城堡)andMuseumLocationandHistoryArbeiaRomanFortissituatedonHadrian’sWall.ItwasthemostimportantstructurebuiltbytheRomansinBritain,andnowithasbeenaWorldHeritage(遺產(chǎn))Site.BuiltaroundAD160,ArbeiaRomanFortwasthemilitarysupplybaseforthesoldierswhowerestationedalongHadrian’sWall.Theforthasbeengraduallyuncoveredandsomeoriginalpartshavebeenrevealed.TherearereconstructionsthatshowhowArbeiaRomanFortwouldhavelooked.TheReconstructionsThereconstructionsofthemandingOfficer’shouseandsoldiers’quartersarestrikinglydifferent.Theacmodationforsoldiersisdarkandunfortable,whilethemandingOfficer’shouseisspaciousandluxurious,withcourtyardswithfountainsforhimandhisfamilytoenjoy.TheMuseumVisitthemuseumandseemanyobjectsthatwerefoundatArbeia.Theyarehistoricallyimportantandshowwhatdailylifewasreallylikeatthattime.Youwillseeweapons,tools,jewellery,andsoon.YoucanalsodiscoverhowtheRomansburiedtheirdeadandseetombstones(墓碑)whichsurvivetothisday.Thereisa“handson”areaallowingvisitorstodigonacertainsiteandstudytheirfindingswiththehelpofmuseumstaff.Youcanpiecetogetherpottery(陶器),ortrywritingjustastheRomanswouldhavedone.Forchildren,theycanbuildthisancientRomanfortwithbuildingblocksbythemselves.OpeningTimesandGettingThereApril1October31:MondaytoSaturday10:00am5:00pm,Sunday2:00pm5:00pm.November1March31:MondaytoSaturday11:00am4:00pm,closedSunday.(ClosedDecember2526andJanuary1)Entryisfree. ArbeiaisonlyatenminutewalkfromthebusstationatSouthShields.Freecarparknearby.Website:21.Accordingtothepassage,ArbeiaRomanFort______.A.wasrelatedtothemilitary B.gotreconstructionsaroundAD160C.wasbuiltinasmallareainRome D.providedafortablelifeforsoldiers22.Whatcanvisitorsdointhemuseum?A.Seehistoricalobjects. B.Buildtombstonesforthedead.C.WritetoancientRomans. D.Tryusingoldtoolsandweapons.23.WhattimedoesArbeiaRomanFortclose?A.OnApril1.B.OnOctober31. C.OnNovember1.D.OnDecember26.BLearningtosay“yes,and”WhenIfirstheardabouttheimprovisation(即興交流)class,Iwashesitating.Asaquietandshygirl,Ifearedimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencemunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedlikeaperfectopportunitytolearnhowtospeakandmunicatewithotherseffectively.Isignedup,knowingtheexperiencewouldgivemehelp.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedanimportantconceptofimprovisation:“yes,and.”Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,we’dbetteracceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos(犀牛)arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wesay“yes”andthencontinuewiththesceneasifnothingiswrong.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorefortableandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ibecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andmunicatingclearlyinthemoment.OncewhenIwasgivingapresentationaboutmyscience,anaudiencemembersurprisedmewithaquestionthatdidn’tgrowoutoftheinformationI’dpresented.Insteadofgettingconfusedandnervous,Itookthe“yes,and”approach—acceptingthequestionandlettingmymindfocusonwhyitwasasked.Thathelpedmefindanappropriateanswer.Igotprettyexcitedaboutit.Thebenefitsofimprovisationgobeyondmunication.Beforeattendingtheclass,Iwouldgetstuckwhenmyexperimentsproducedunexpecteddata,thinkingthatIhadmadeamistake.Butnow,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Iwillstayopentothepossibilitythattheresultsarereal,keepexploringthedataandendupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatisn’tbehavingasexpected.Ithinkallscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthfindingoutwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Asscientists,ourjobisn’ttochallengedatathatsupportapreconceived(先入為主的)story,buttosay“yes,and.”24.Whydidtheauthorattendtheimprovisationclass?A.Togetadifferentexperience.B.TofinishherPh.D.atuniversity.C.Togiveupherjobasasciencemunicator.D.Toimproveherspeakingandmunicatingability.25.Whatwastheauthor’schangeafterattendingtheimprovisationclass?A.Sheformedherownideaquickly.B.Shecameupwithlotsofcreativeresponses.C.Shepaidmoreattentiontothelogicofanswers.D.Shebecameagoodlistenerbeforegivinganopinion.26.Theauthormentionsapplyingthe“yes,and”approachtoherscientificexperimentsto______.A.explaintheprocessofusingthemethodB.provethebenefitsoftheimprovisationclassC.shareherownresearchexperienceswithreadersD.attractfellowscientiststoattendtheimprovisationclass27.Whatcanbeinferredaboutscientistsfromthelastparagraph? A.Theyshouldattendtheimprovisationclass. B.Theyshouldquestionallpreconceivedideas. C.Theyshouldcarryonresearchbyadmittingearlierdata.D.Theyshouldtrytoimprovetheirprofessionalknowledge.CSuccessandRiskinExtremeSportsWhatisitthatdrivessometotakeextremerisks,whiletherestofushurryforthesafetyofthesidelines?LesterKeller,sportspsychologyexpert,saysthatnoteveryonehasthementalmakeuptodowellinextremesports.Henotesthatmostofushitanaturalceilingthatlimitsourappetiteforextremeriskintrickyconditions.Butothershaveamuchhighertoleranceforrisk.Kellerpointstoatopskiracer.HetoldKellerthat“thehighelementofriskmakesyoufeelalive,testswhatyouaremadeofandhowfaryoucantakeyourself”.Hesaidhewouldgetnervousonsomeofthecourses,butthatthiswouldjustmakehimfightmore.Psychologistsnotethatsomepeopleseemtohaveastrongdesireforadrenaline(腎上腺素)rushesasabehaviorseekingexcitedfeelings.Likemanyextremeathletes,EmilyCook’sappetiteforriskappearedatayoungage.“Iwasagymnast,”shesaid.“Iwasoneofthosekidswhoenjoyedanddidwellatanythingwhereyouwereupsidedown.”Asshestarteddoinghardertricks,shewasdrawntothechallenge.“Therearemomentswhenyou’reuptheredoinganewtrickanditseemslikeanimpossiblething.Butoveringthatisjustthecoolestfeelingintheworld.”ShaneMurphy,sportsprofessor,hasworkedwithgroupsclimbingEverest.“Tome,thatjustseemsliketheheightofrisk,”hesaid.“Buttothemitwasthenextstepinanactivitythatthey’vepreparedforyears.”Murphysaidtheviewofextremeathletesisdifferentfromourown.“Welookatariskysituationandknowthatifwewereinthatsituationwewouldbeoutofcontrol.Butfromtheathletes’view,theyhavealotofcontrol,andtherearemanythingsthattheydotominimizerisk.”Anotheraspectofriskperception(認(rèn)知)maybesomethingreferredtoas“theflow”,astateinwhichmanyathletesbeeabsorbedintheactsthatfocusthemindpletelyonthepresent.“Somethingthatmakesyoutrydoingatougherclimbthanusual,perhaps,isthatyouradrenalineflowsandyoubeeveryconcentratedonwhatyou’redoing,”Murphysays.“Afterit’sover,there’sgreatexcitement.”Peopleofdifferentskilllevelsexperiencetheflowatdifferenttimes.Somemayalwaysbedriventoadventuresthatothersconsiderextreme.“Icanenjoyhittingatennisballaround,becausethat’smyskilllevel,”Murphysays.“ButothersmightneedthechallengeofOlympicpetition.”28.Byusingtheterm“naturalceiling”inParagraph2,LesterKellerpointsoutthat______.A.extremeathletesmustlearnspecialskillsB.extremeathleteshavechancestotakerisksC.manypeopledon’twanttodoextremesportsD.manypeoplecan’tlimitdesireforextremesports29.WhatdoesShaneMurphythinkaboutthemountainclimbershementions?A.Theyputinlotsofpreparationforchallenges.B.Theyaremorefortunatethanothersportspeople.C.Theycarrylittleriskwhenfacingbigchallenges.D.Theyhavespecialreasonsthatotherscan’teasilyunderstand.30.WhatmainpointismadeinParagraph5?A.Extremeathletesusetechniquesotherpeopledon’tuse.B.Nonathletesareprobablywisenottotryextremesports.C.Mostpeoplelackthefocusrequiredtotakebiggerrisks.D.Acertainstateofmindmakesattemptinganactivitymorelikely.31.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.risktakingissomethingyoueithernaturallydooravoidB.thosewhotakerisksaremorelikelytobesuccessfulinlifeC.extremeathletesaredrivenbyaneedtobebetterthanothersD.takingpartinextremesportsisnotasdifficultaspeoplethinkDRoundandRoundTheyGoSpaceisbeingmorecrowded.QuiteafewlowEarthorbit(LEO)satelliteshavebeenlaunchedintothesky,whicharedesignedtomovearoundtheEarthonlyafewhundredkilometresaboveitssurface.SpaceXandOneWebplantolaunchLEOsatellitesintheirthousands,nothundreds,todoublethetotalnumberofsatellitesinorbit(軌道)by2027.ThatpromisestochangethingsonEarth.LEOsatellitescanbringInternetconnectivitytoplaceswhereitisstillunavailable.Thiswillalsobeasourceofnewdemandforthespaceeconomy.MorganStanley,abank,projectsthatthespaceindustrywillgrowfrom$350billionin2016tomorethan$1.1trillionby2040.NewInternetsatelliteswillaccountforhalfthisincrease.Forthattohappen,however,threeworriesmustbeovere.Debris(碎片)isthemostfamiliarconcern.WhenenoughsatelliteswerepackedintolowEarthorbits,anycollision(碰撞)couldcauseachainreactionwhichwouldeventuallydestroyallspaceships.OnesolutionistograbthesatelliteswithproblemsandpullthemdownintotheEarth’satmosphere.Anotheristomonitorspacemorecloselyfordebris.Buttechnologyisonlypartoftheanswer.RulesareneededtodealwitholdsatellitessafelyfromlowEarthorbits.Cyber(網(wǎng)絡(luò)的)securityisasecond,longstandingworry.Hackers(黑客)couldtakecontrolofasatelliteandstealintellectualproperty,redirectdataflowsorcauseacollision.Thesatelliteindustryhasbeenslowtorespondtosuchconcerns.Butasmoreoftheworld’spopulationestorelyonthespaceforaccesstotheInternet,theneedforactionwillintensify.Measureswillsurelybetakentoprotectnetworksecurity.Thethirdissuefollowsfromthefirsttwo.Ifthereisasimplemistakeoracyberattack,itmaycauseachainreactionwhichwipesouthundredsofbillionsofdollarsofinvestment.Whoisresponsibleforthat?Nowtheplansoffirmswishingtooperatelargenumbersofsatellitesarebeingstudied.Butthereisalongwaytogobeforetherisksarewellunderstood,letalonepriced.Asspacebeesmoremercialized,mindbendingprospectsopenup:packagesmovedacrosstheplanetinminutesbyrocketratherthanbyplane,equipmentsenttoothersmallplanets,passengerslaunchedintoorbitandbeyond.Allthatandmoremaye,oneday.ButsuchactivitieswouldraisethesamequestionsasLEOsatellitesdo.Theymustbeansweredbeforethespaceeconomycantrulydevelop.32.WhatcanwelearnaboutLEOsatellitesfromthepassage?A.Theyaresupposedtolimitthespaceeconomy.B.Theyareexpectedtoincreaseinlargenumbers.C.TheyaredesignedtomovebeyondtheEarthasfaraspossible.D.TheyaremainlyintendedtobringInternetconnectivitytoremoteareas.33.Todealwithdebrisinspace,theauthorsuggests_______.A.dependingentirelyonthemoderntechnologyB.monitoringthemovementofspaceshipscarefullyC.strengtheningrulestoremoveoldsatellitessafelyD.destroyingallthesatelliteswithproblemsinstantly34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intensify”inParagraph4probablymean? A.Measure. B.Increase. C.Spread. D.Repeat.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthelaunchofLEOsatellites?A.Itshouldbefurtherconfirmedforitsownership. B.Itshouldbecontinuedbecauseofitsadvantages.C.Itshouldbedonecarefullytoavoidpotentialrisks.D.Itshouldbestoppedinfaceofthespaceeconomy.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。OurAmazingHandsThehandiswherethemindmeetstheworld.Weuseourhandstobuildfires,toflyairplanes,andtowrite.Thehumanbrain,withitsopenendedcreativity,maybethethingthatmakesthehumanraceunique.Butwithouthands,alltheideaswethinkupwouldetonothing.____36____Studyitcarefully,youwillfindsomethinginteresting.Thethumb(拇指)aloneiscontrolledbynineseparatemuscles.Thewristisagroupofbonesandmusclesconnectedwithnerves(神經(jīng)).Thenervessendbranchesintoeachfingertip,whichmakesthefingersextremelyflexible.____37____Earlyhandsseemedmoreunusualandinterestingthananyhandtoday.Someanimalshadsevenfingers.Othershadeight.Butbythetimevertebrates(脊椎動(dòng)物)appeared340millionyearsago,thehandhaddevelopedtoonlyfivefingers.____38____Nevertheless,therearestillmanydifferenttypesofhandsinlivinganimals.Afteryearsofresearch,scientistsarebeginningtounderstandthemolecular(分子的)changesinhands.____39____Thismakesthehandsofdifferentanimalsverysimilar.Thereisanetworkofmanygenes(基因)thatbuildsahand,andallhandsarebuiltonthatnetwork.Thediscoveryhasgivenscientistsadeeperunderstandingofthedevelopmentofhands.Abird’swingandalion’spaw(爪)mayappeartohavenothinginmon.____40____Itmayjustbealittlemoreofoneprotein(蛋白)here,alittlelessofanotherthere.Inthepast,scientistscouldrecognizeonlytheoutwardsignsthathandshaddevelopedfromamonancestor.Todayscientistsareuncoveringtheinwardsignsaswell.A.Handscanoftenbeusedforanumberofdifferentpurposes.B.Theyalsoseethatallhandsstartoutinmuchthesameway.C.Ithaskeptthatnumberforreasonsscientistsdon’tyetknow.D.Noonewoulddoubtthatthefivefingersaredifferentwitheachother.E.Butthedifferencebetweenthemmayedowntoatinychangeinform.F.Thereasonwecanuseourhandsforsomanythingsistheirspecialstructure.G.Soyoucanseeaskilledwatchmakerusehishandstosetspringsinplaceunderamicroscope.第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分） （共4小題；第13題每小題3分，第4題6分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在答題卡相應(yīng)題號(hào)后的橫線上寫(xiě)下相關(guān)信息，完成對(duì)該問(wèn)題的回答。FoodasmunicationWeusuallyunderstandwhensomeonespeaksorwritestous,andmanygestures(手勢(shì))andfacialexpressionshavemeaning,too.Buthaveyoueverconsideredwhatandhowweeatasaformofmunication?Inmanycultures,peoplesittogetherandsharefoodatmealtimes,whichisamontraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsoplayanimportantroleinafamilyorculture’scelebrations.Thefoodsweeat—andwhenandhowweeatthem—areoftenuniquetoaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenareaswithinonecountry.Inmostcultures,breadrepresentsdeli