高考試題及答案

2010年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（江蘇卷）

英語

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上，錄音內容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉

涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）

聽下面5段對話，每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最

佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置，聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題

的閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A￡19.15B￡9.15C￡9.18

答案是B

1、WhatwillDorothydoontheweekend?

AGooutwithherfriend

Bworkonherpaper

CMakesomeplans

2、WhatwasthenormalpriceoftheT-shirt?

A$15

B$30

C$50

3、WhathasthewomandecidedtodoonSundayafternoon?

AToattendawedding

BTovisitanexhibition

CTomeetafriend

4、WhendoesthebankcloseonSaturday?

AAT1:00pm

BAT3:00pm

CAT4:00pm

5、wherearethespeakers?

Ainastore

BInaclassroom

CAtahotel

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白，每段對話和獨白后有兒個小題，從題中所給的ABC三個選

項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置，聽每段對話和獨白前\你將有時間閱讀各個小

題，每小題5分鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話和獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6WhatdoweknowaboutNora?

ASheprefersaroomofown

BShelikestoworkwithothergirls

CShelivesnearthecitycenter

7、Whatisgoodabouttheflat?

AIthasalargesittingroom

BIthasgoodfurniture

CIthasabigkitchen

聽第七段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.wherehasBarbarabeen?

A.Milan.

B.Florence.

C.Rome.

9.WhathasBarbaragotinhersuitcase?

A.Shoes.

B.Stones.

C.Books.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.Whoismakingthetelephonecall?

A.ThomasBrothers.

B.MikeLandon.

C.JackCooper.

11.WhatrelationisthewomantoMr.Cooper?

A.Hiswife.

B.Hisboss.

C.Hissecretary.

12.Whatisthemessageabout?

A.Ameeting.

B.AvisittoFrance

C.Thedateforatrip.

聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。

13.Whocouldthemanspeakermostprobablybe?

A.Apersonwhosawtheaccident.

B.Thedriverofthelorry.

C.Apoliceofficer.

14.WhatwasMrs.Franksdoingwhentheaccidenttookplace?

A.WalkingalongChurchillAvenue.

B.Gettingreadytocrosstheroad.

C.Standingoutsideabank.

15.Whendidtheaccidenthappen?

A.Atabout8:00am.

B.Atabout9:00am.

C.Atabout10:00am.

16.Howdidtheaccidenthappen?

A.Alorryhitacar.

B.Acarranintoalorry.

C.Abankclerkrushedintothestreet.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

A.Thehistoryoftheschool.

B.Thecoursesfortheterm.

C.Theplanfortheday.

18.Wherecanthevisitorslearnaboutthesubjectsfornewstudent?

A.Intheschoolhall.

B.Inthesciencelabs.

C.Intheclassrooms.

19.Whatcanstudentsdointhepracticalareas?

A.Takesciencecourses?

B.Enjoyexcellentmeals.

C.Attendworkshops.

20.Whenarethevisitorsexpectedtoaskquestion?

A.Duringthelunchhour.

B.Afterthewelcomespeech.

C.Beforethetouroflabs.

第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié)：單項填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

請認真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答

題卡上將該項涂黑。

例：Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild______heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever

答案是Bo

21.Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthatpeoplefromall

walksoflifeareworkinghardfornewJiangsu.

A.不填；aB.不填；theC.the;aD.the;the

22.Thedoctorisskilledattreatinghearttroubleandneveracceptsanygiftfrom

hispatients,sohehasaverygood_.

A.expectationB.reputationC.contributionD.civilization

23.—why,Jack,youlooksotired!

--Well,IthehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.

A.waspaintingB.willbepaintingC.havepaintedD.havebeenpainting

24.ThousandsofforeignersweretotheShanghaiWorldExpothedayitopened.

A.attendedB.attainedC.attractedD.attached

25.—Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet,butI'llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.

—Don'tworry.YouhaveitbyFriday.

A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may

26.Theexperimenthasthepossibilityoftheexistenceofanylifeonthatplanet,butit

doesnotmeanthereisnolifeonotherplanets.

A.foundoutB.pointedoutC.ruledoutD.carriedout

27.----DoyouthinktheirtabletennisteamwillwinthefirstplaceatthecomingAsianGames?

----.Oursismuchstrongerthantheirs.

A.OfcourseB.ItdependsC.Don'tmentionitD.Bynomeans

28.Theretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquakein

Yushu,thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.

A.enablingB.havingenabledC.toenableD.tohaveenabled

29.Sofarwehavedonealottobuildalow-carboneconomy,butitisideal.Wehaveto

workstillharder.

A.nexttoB.farfromC.outofD.dueto

30.—Peter,wheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation?

--Webusywithourworkformonths,sowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.

A.wereB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.willbe

31.--一Ihavetriedveryhardtofindasolutiontotheproblem,butinvain

--whynotconsultwithFrank?Yousee,.

A.greatmindsthinkalike

B.twoheadsarebetterthanone

C.abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush

D.it'sbettertothinktwicebeforedoingsomething

32.Thenewlybuiltcafe,thewallsofarepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplacefor

us,speciallyafterhardwork.

A.thatB.itC.whatD.which

33.■--Iseveryonehere?

—Notyet???..?Look,theretherestofourguests!

A.comeB.comesC.iscomingD.arecoming

34.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhemoreon

itsculture.

A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused

35.-IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.

-That'sIdon'tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.

A.whereB.howC.whenD.what

第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）

請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后個題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，

并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Anotherperson?senthusiasmwaswhatsetmemovingtowardthesuccessIhave

achieved.Thatpersonwasmystepmother.

IwasnineyearsoldwhensheenterdourhomeinruralVirginia.Myfather36metoher

withthesewords:641wouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois37forbeingtheworstboyin

thiscountyandwillprobablystartthrowingrocksatyouno38thantomorrowmorning.”

Mystepmotherwalkedovertome,39myheadslightlyupward,andlookedmerightin

theeye.Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,44Youare40.Thisisnottheworstboyatall,

41thesmartestonewhohasn'tyetfoundanoutlet（釋放的途徑）forhisenthusiasm.^

Thatstatementbegana（n）42betweenus.Noonehadevercalledmesmart,Myfamily

andneighborshadbuiltmeupinmy43asabadboy.Mystepmotherchangedallthat.

Shechangedmanythings.She44myfathertogotoadentalschool,fromwhichhe

graduatedwithhonors.Shemovedourfamilyintothecountysrat,wheremyfather'scareercould

bemore45andmybrotherandIcouldbebetter46

WhenIturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand47andtoldmethatshebelieved

thatIcouldbecomeawriter.Iknewherernthusiasmj48

ithadalreadlyimprovedourlives.Iacceptedher49andbegantowriteforlocal

newspapers.Iwasdoingthesamekindof50thatgreatdayIwenttointerviewAndrew

Carnegieandreceivedthetaskwhichbecamemylife'sworklater.Iwasn'tthe51

beneficiary（受益者）.Myfatherbecamethe52manintown.Mybrotherandstepbrthers

becameaphysician,adentist,alawyer,andacollegepresident.

Whatpower53has'Whenthatpowerisreleasedtosupportthecertaintyofone'spurpose

andis54strengthenedbyfaith,itbecomesanirresistible（不可抗拒的）forcewhichpoverty

andtemporarydefeatcannever55.

Youcancommunicatethatpowertoanyonewhoneedsit.Thisisprobablythegreatestwork

youcandowithyourenthusiasm.

36.A.rushedB.sentC.carriedD.introduced

37.A.distinguishedB.favoredC.mistakenD.rewarded

38.A.soonerB.laterC.longerD.earlier

39.A.draggedB.shookC.raisedD.bent

40.A.perfectB.rightC.wrongD.impolite

41.A.butB.soC.andD.or

42.A.ageementB.friendshipC.gapD.relationship

43.A.opinionB.imageC.espectationD.mind

44.A.beggedB.persuadedC.orderedD.invited

45.A.successfulB.meaningfulC.helpfulD.useful

46.A.（rearedB.entertainedC.educatedD.respected

47.A.cemeraB.radioC.bicycleD.typewriter

48.A.consideredB.suspectedC.ignoredD.appreciated

49.A.beliefB.requestC.criticismD.description

50.A.teahingB.writingC.studyingD.reading

51.A.nextB.sameC.onlyD.real

52.A.cleverestB.wealthiestC.strongestD上ealthiest

53.A.ebthusiasmB.sympathyC.fortuneD.confidence

54.A.deliberatelyB.happilyC.traditionallyD.constantly

55.A.winB.matchC.reachD.doubt

第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

請認真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，

并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

Usually,whenyourteacherasksaquestion,thereisonlyonecorrectanswer.Butthereis

onequestionthathasmillionsofcurrentanswers.Thatquestionis"What'syourname?"

Everyonegivesadifferentanswer,buteveryoneiscorrect.

Haveyoueverwonderedaboutpeople'snames?Wheredotheycomefrom?Whatdothey

mean?

People'sfirstnames,orgivennames,arechosenbytheirparents.Sometimesthenameofa

grandparentorothermemberofthefamilyisused.Someparentschoosethenameofa

well-knownperson.AboycouldbenamedGeorgeWashingtonSmith;agirlcouldbenamed

HelenKellerJones.

Somepeoplegivetheirchildrennamesthatmeangoodthings.Clarameans"bright";

Beatricemeans“onewhogiveshappiness”;Donaldmeans“worldruler";Leonardmeans"as

braveasalion”.

Theearliestlastnames,orsurnames,weretakenfromplacenames.Afamilywiththename

BrookorBrooksprobablylivednearbrook（小溪）；someonewhowascalledLongstreetprobably

livedonalong,pavedroad.TheGreenwoodfamilylivedinornearaleafyforest.

Otherearlysurnamescamefrompeople'soccupations.Themostcommonoccupational

nameisSmith,whichmeansapersonwhomakesthingswithironorothermetals.Inthepast,

smithswereveryimportantworkersineverytownandvillage.Someotheroccupationalnames

are:Carter-apersonwhoownedordroveacart;Potter-apersonwhomadepotsand

pans.

TheancestorsoftheBakerfamilyprobablybakedbreadfortheirneighborsintheirnative

village.TheCarpenter'sgreat-great-great-grandfatherprobablybuilthousesandfurniture.

Sometimespeoplewereknownforthecoloroftheirhairorskin,ortheirsize,ortheir

specialabilities.WhenthereweretwomenwhowerenamedJohninthesamevillage,theJohn

withthegrayhairprobablybecameJohnGray.OrtheJohnwasverytallcouldcallhimselfJohn

Tallman.JohnFishwasprobablyanexcellentswimmerandJohnLightfootwasprobablyafast

runneroragooddancer.

Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather'sname.English-speaking

peopleadded-sor-son.TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn;theRobertsfamily'sancestor

wasRobert.IrishandScottishpeopleaddedMacorMeorO.PerhapsalloftheMacDonnellsand

theMcDonnellsandtheO'DonnellsaredescendantsofthesameDonnell.

56.WhichofthefollowingaspectsdothesurnamesinthepassageNOTcover?

A.Placeswherepeoplelived.B.People'scharacters.

C.Talentsthatpeoplepossessed.D.People/soccupations.

57.Accordingtothepassage,theancestorsofthePotterfamilymostprobably.

A.ownedordroveacartB.madethingswithmetals

C.madekitchentoolsorcontainsD.builthousesandfurniture

58.SupposeandEnglishcouplewhoseancestorslivednearaleafyforestwantedtheirnew-born

sontobecomeaworldleader,thebabymightbenamed.

A.BeatriceSmithB.LeonardCarter

C.GeorgeLongstreetD.DonaldGreenwood

59.Theunderlinedword“descendants“inthelastparagraphmeansaperson's

A.latergenerationsB.friendsandrelatives

C.colleaguesandpartnersD.latersponsors

B

ItisreportedthatconservationgroupsinNorthAmericahavebeenarguingaboutthe

benefitsanddangersofwolves.Somegroupsbelievewolvesshouldbekilled.Otherpeople

believewolves

Mustbeprotectedsothattheywillnotdisappearfromthewilderndss（荒野）

ForKillingWolves

InAlaska,thewolfalmostdisappearedafewyearsago,becausehunterswerekillinghundreds

Ofthemforsport.However,lawswereestablishedtoprotectthewolvesfromsportsmenand

peoplewhocatchtheanimalsfortheirfur.Sothewolfpopulationhasgreatlyincreased.Now

therearesomanywolvesthattheyaredestroyingtheirownfoodsupply.

Awolfnaturallyeatsanimalsinthedeerfamily.Peopleinthewildernessalsohuntdeerfor

food.Manyoftheanimalshavebeendestroyedbytheverycoldwintersrecentlyandbychanges

inthewildernessplantlife.Whenthedeercan'tfindenoughfood,theydie.

Ifthewolvescontinuetokilllargenumbersofdeer,theirprey（獵物）willdisappearsome

day.Andthewolveswill.too.Sowemustchangethecycleoflifeinthewildernesstobalancethe

ecology.Ifwekilledmorewolves,wewouldsavethemandtheirpreyfromdyingout.We'dalso

savesomefarmanimals.

Inanothernorthernstate,wolvesattackcowsandchickensforfood.Farmerswantthe

governmenttosendbiologiststostudytheproblem.Theybelieveitnecessarytokillwolvesin

someareasandtoprotecttheminplaceswherethereisasmallwolfpopulation.

AgainstKillingWolves

Ifyouhadlivedlongago,youwouldhaveheardmanydifferentstoriesaboutthedangerous

wolf.Accordingtomoststories,hungrywolvesoftenkillpeopleforfood.Eventoday,thestories

ofthe“bigbadwolf"willnotdisappear.

Butthefactiswolvesareafraidofpeople,andtheyseldomtravelinareaswherethereisa

humansmell.Whenwolveseatotheranimals,theyusuallykilltheveryyoung,orthesickand

injured.Thestrongestsurvive.Nokindofanimalwouldhavesurvivedthroughthecenturiesifthe

weakmembershadlived.Andhasalwaysbeenalawofnature

Althoughsomepeoplesayitisgoodsensetokillwolves,wesayitisnonsense!Researchers

havefoundwolvesandtheirpreylivinginbalance.Thewolveskeepthedeerpopulationfrom

becomingtoolarge,andthatkeepsabalanceinthewildernessplantlife.

Therealproblemisthattheareaswherewolvescanlivearebeingusedbvpeople.Evenif

wildernesslandisnotuseddirectlyforhumanneeds,thewolvescan/talwaysfindenough

food.Sotheytraveltothenearestsource,whichisoftenafarm.Thenthereisdanger.The"big

badwolf“hasarrived!Andeveryoneknowswhathappensnext.

60.Accordingtothepassage,somepeopleinNorthAmericafavorkillingwolvesforallthe

followingreasonsEXCETthat.

A.therearetoomanywolvesB.theykilllargenumbersdeer

C.theyattackcowsandchickensforfoodD.theydestroythewildernessplantlife

61.Somepeopleareagainstkillingwolvesbecause.

A.wolveshelptokeeptheecologicalbalanceinthewilderness

B.thereistoosmallawolfpopulationinthewilderness

C.therearetoomanydeerinthewilderness

D.wolvesareafraidofpeopleandneverattackpeople

62.Accordingtothoseagainstkillingwolves,whenwolveseatotheranimals,.

A.theynevereatstrongandhealthyones

B.theyalwaysgoagainstthelawofnature

C.theymighthelpthiskindofanimalssurviveinnature

D.theydisturbtheecologicalbalanceinthewilderness

63.Thelastsentence,Andeveryoneknowswhathappensnext“impliesthatinsuchcases

A.farmanimalswillbeindangerandhavetobeshippedaway

B.wolveswillkillpeopleandpeoplewillinturnkillthem

C.wolveswillfindenoughfoodsourcesonfamis

D.peoplewillleavetheareaswherewolvescanlive

C

BORDER

CROSSINGS

Whiletherearenorestrictionsonzheamountofmoneythatyoucanbring

acrosstheborder.youmustreporttoboththeUSandCanadianborder

servicesamountsequaltoorgreaterthan$10,000.

PERSONALEXEMPTIONS(免稅)ONPURCHASES

AMERICANSRETURNINGTOTHEUS

Lessthan48hours:$200US

48hoursormore:$800USduty-freepersonalexemption.

next$1.000USat3%

Includingupto100cigarsand100cigarettes.

CANADIANSRETURNINGTOCANADA

Lessthan24hours:$50CAN

48hoursormore:$400CAN

Includingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.

7daysormore:$750CAN

Includingupto100cigarsand200cigarettes.

DOCUMENTATIONNEEDEDFOR

BORDERCROSSING

LANDORSEATOTHEUS(INCLUDINGFERRIES)

Avalidpassportorpassportcard,oraNEXUScard.

(ANEXUScardisaTrustedTravelerProgramthatprovidesquicktravelfor

pre-approved,lowrisktravelersthroughspeciallanes.)

ArecentWashingtonState,NewYorkorBCdriver'slicense.

Note:Children15yearsofageandyoungerrequireonlyabirthcertificateor

copy.(Certifiedcopiesarenotrequiredbutareadvised.)

AIRTRAVELTOTHEUS

Avalidpassport,anAirNEXUScard,oraU.S.CoastGuardMerchant

MarineDocument.

64.IfaCanadianwhoisona7-daytriptoNewYorkbuys$800CANworthofgoods,howmuch

shouldhepaytaxonwhenreturninghome?

A.$800CANB.$750CANC.$400CAND.$50CAN

65.ForanAmericancitizenona2-daytourofCanada,howmuchtaxdoeshehavetopayon

$1.600USworthofpurchaseswhenreturningtotheUS?

A.$24USB.$48USC.$52USD.$200US

66.Whatdocumentationshouldacouplewitha7-year-oldchildcarrywhentheydriveacarfrom

CanadatoAmerica?

A.ABCdriver'slicense,anAirNEXUScard,andabirthcertificate.

B.AnAirNEXUScard,aU.S.CoastGuardMerchantMarineDocument,andabirthcertificate.

C.Twovaildpassportcradsandacertifiedcopyofabirthcertificate.

D.ANEXUScard,aU.S.CoastGuardMerchantMarineDocument.,andacertifiedcopyofabirth

certificate.

D

Imagine,oneday,gettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlya

coupleofhours,andthen,afterafulldayofwork,goingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinner

there.

Soundsunusuabdoesn'tit?Butit*snotthatunrealistic,withthedevelopmentofChinaTs

high—speedrailwaysystem.Andthat,snotall.Chinahasanevengreaterhigh—speedrailway

plan—toconnectthecountrywithSoutheastAsia,andeventuallyEasternEurope.

Chinaisnegotiatingtoextenditsownhigh-speedrailwaynetworktoupto17countriesin1

0to15years,eventuallyreachingLondonandSingapore.

Chinahasproposedthreesuchprojects.ThefirstwouldpossiblyconnectKunming

withSingaporeviaVietnamandMalaysia.AnothercouldstartinUrumqiandgothrough

KazakhstanandUzbekistan,andpossibly

toGermany.ThethirdwouldstartinthenortheastandgonorththroughRussiaandthen

intoWesternEurope.

IfChina'splanforthehigh-speedrailwaygoesforward,peoplecouldzipoverfromLondon

toBeilinginundertwodays.

ThenewsystemwouldstillfollowChina'shigh一speedrailwaystandard.Andthetrains

wouldbeabletogo346kilometersanhour,almostasfastassomeairplanes.

China'sbullettrain（高速客車），theoneconnectingWuhantoGuangzhou,alreadyhasthe

World'sfastestaveragespeed.Itcovers1,069kilometersinaboutthreehours.

Ofcourse,therearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome.Therearesomanyissuesthat

needtobesettled,suchassafety,railgauge（朝L距）,maintenanceofrailwaytracks.So,it's

importanttopayattentiontoeverydetail.

Butthekeyissueisreallymoney.Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanon

domesticrailwayexpansion.

Chinaprefersthattheothercountriespayinnaturalresourcesratherthanwithcapital

investment.ResourcesfromthosecountriescouldstreamintoChinatosustaindevelopment.

It'llbeawin-winproject.Forothercountries,therailwaynetworkwilldefinitelycreate

moreopportunitiesforbusiness,tourismandsoon,nottomentionthebettercommunication

amongthosecountnes.

ForChina,suchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsome

much-neededresources,butwouldalsohelpdevelopChina'sfarwest.Weforeseethatinthe

comingdecades,millionsofpeoplewillmigratetothewesternregions,wherethelandisempty

andresourcesunused.Withhigh-speedtrains,peoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscenters

inthewestonceandforall.Andthey'lltradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropean

countries.

67.China/snewhigh-speedrailwayplanwillbeawin-winprojectbecause.

A.Chinawillgetmuch-neededresourcesanddevelopitswesternregions

B.Chinaandthecountriesinvolvedwillbenefitfromtheprojectinvariousways

C.Chinawilldevelopitsrailwaysystemandcommunicationwithothercountries

D.theforeigncountriesinvolvedwilldeveloptheirrailwaytransportation,businessand

tourism

68.Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestchallengetothenewhigh-speedrailwayplan

is.

A.technicalissuesB.safetyofthesystem

C.financialproblemsD.maintenanceofrailwaytracks

69.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetowardsChina'shigh-speed

railwayplan?

A.Critical.B.Reserved.C.DoubtfulD.Positive.

70.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.NewRailwayStandardsB.BigRailwayDreams

C.High—speedBulletTrainsD.InternationalRailwayNetwork

第四部分：任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據所讀內容在文章后表格中的空格里填入7個最恰當的單

詞。

注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填1個單詞。

Formorethantwentyyearsscientistshavebeenseekingtounderstandthemysteryof

the/zsixthsense"ofdirection.Bytryingoutideasandsolvingproblemsonebyone,theyarenow

gettingclosertooneanswer.

Onefunnyideaisthatanimalsmighthaveabuilt-incompass（指南針）.

Ourearthitselfisabigmagnet（磁體）.Soalittlemagneticneedlethatswingsfreelylines

itselfwiththebigearthmagnettopointnorthandsouth.Whenpeoplediscoveredthatidea

aboutathousandyearsagoandinventedthecompass,itallowedsailorstonavigate（航海）on

oceanvoyages,evenunder

cloudyskies.

Actualllytheideaofthelivingcompasscamejustfromobservinganimalsinnature.

Manybirdsmigratetwiceayearbetweentheirsummerhomesandwinterhomes.Someof

themflyforthousandsofkilometersandmostlyatnight.Experimentshaveshownthatsome

birdscanrecognizestarpatterns.Buttheycankeeponcourseevenundercloudyskies.Howcan

theydothat?

Acommonbirdthatdoesnotmigratebutisgreatatfindingitswayhomeisthehoming

pigeon.Notallpigeonscanfindtheirwayhome.Thosethatcanareverygoodatit,andthey

havebeenwidelystudied.

Oneinterestingexperimentwastoattachlittlemagnetstothebirds'headstoblocktheir

magneticsense一justasaloudradiocankeepyoufromhearingacalltodinner.Onsunny

days,thatdidnotfoolthepigeons.Evidentlytheycanusethesuntotellwhichwaytheyare

going.Butoncloudydays,thepigeonswithmagnetscouldnotfindtheirway.Itwasasifthe

magnetshadblockedtheirmagneticsense.

Similarexperimentswiththesamekindofresultsweredonewithhoneybees.Theseinsects

alsoseemtohaveaspecialsenseotdirection.

Inspiteoftheexperiments,theideaofananimalcompassseemedpretty

extraordinary.How

wouldananimalgetthemagneticstuffforacompass.

Ananswercamefromanunexpectedsource.Ascientistwasstudyingbacteriathatlivein

the

mudofpondsandmarshes.Hefoundaccidentallylittlerod-likebacteriathatallswamtogetherin

onedirection——north.

Furtherstudyshowedthateachlittlebacteriumhadachainofdenseparticlesinside,which

provedmagnetic.Thebacteriahadmadethemselvesintolittlemagnetsthatcouldlineupwith

the

earth'smagnet.

Thebignewswasthatalivingthing,evenasimplebacterium,canmakemagnetite.Thatled

toasearchtoseewhetheranimalsmighthaveit..Byusingaspecialinstrumentcalled

magnetometer,scientistswereabletofindmagnetiteinbeesandbirds,andeveninfish.Ineach

animal,exceptforthebee.themagneticstuffwasalwaysinorclosertothebrain.

Thus,theideaofabuilt—inanimalcompassbegantoseemreasonable.

TheMagneticSense—TheLivingCompass

PassageoutlineSupportingdetails

Theexistenceoftheearth?Ourearthisabigmagnetandalittlefreely(71)A

magnetandtheinventionmagneticneedlelinesitselfwiththeearthmagnetto

ofthenavigatingcompasspointnorthandsouth.