寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院《357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解合集

目錄2011年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2012年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2013年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2014年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2015年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2016年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2017年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2018年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解2019年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解

2011年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish(75points);1.唐小姐嫵媚端正的圓臉，有兩個(gè)淺酒窩。天生著一般女人要花錢費(fèi)時(shí)、調(diào)脂和粉來仿造的好臉色，新鮮得使人見了忘掉口渴而又覺嘴饞，仿佛是好水果。她眼睛并不頂大，可是靈活溫柔，反襯得許多女人的大眼睛只像政治家講的大話，大而無當(dāng)。古典學(xué)者看她說笑時(shí)露出的好牙齒，會(huì)詫異為什么古今中外詩(shī)人，都甘心變成女人頭插的釵，腰束的帶，身體睡的席，甚至腳下踐踏的鞋襪，可是從沒想到化作她的牙刷。她頭發(fā)沒燙，眉毛不鑷，口紅也沒有擦，似乎安心遵守天生的限止，不要彌補(bǔ)造化的缺陷?？偠灾菩〗闶悄Φ俏拿魃鐣?huì)里那樁罕物一個(gè)真正的女孩子。(40%)【參考譯文】OnMissTang’scharming,well-proportioned,roundfaceweretwoshallowdimples;onelookatherfreshandnaturalcomplexion,whichmostgirlswouldhavehadtospendtimeandmoneytoimitate,wasenoughtomakeonedroolandforgethisthirst,asthoughherskinwereapieceofdeliciousfruit.Notespeciallylarge,hereyeswerelivelyandgentle,makingthebigeyesofmanywomenseemlikethebigtalkofpoliticians––biganduseless.Aclassicsscholar,uponseeingherlovelyteethwhenshesmiled,mightwonderwhybothChineseandWesterntraditionalandmodernpoetswouldwantto

turnintothepininawoman’shair,thebeltaroundherwaist,thematonwhichsheslept,oroventheshoesandsocks,thatshewore,andnotthinkoftransformingthemselvesintohertoothbrush.Herhairunwaved,hereyebrowsunplucked,andherlipsunadornedbylipstick,sheappearedtoallownaturetotakeitsowncoursewithregardtoherlooksandhadnowishtoamenditinanyway.Inshort,shewasoneofthoseraritiesofmoderncivilizedsociety––agenuinegirl.2.故宮建筑氣勢(shì)雄偉，豪華壯麗，是我國(guó)古代建筑藝術(shù)的精華。其規(guī)格之巨和獨(dú)具特色的建筑藝術(shù)享譽(yù)世界。在這里保存的大量珍貴文物，稀世珍寶是研究明清兩代歷史和歷代藝術(shù)的重要物證。1925年，改名為故宮博物館，它是世界上最大的博物館之一。1961年被公布為全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。1987年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文住址列為“世界人類文化遺產(chǎn)”。新中國(guó)成立后，人民政府撥巨款進(jìn)行保護(hù)和修繕，現(xiàn)已成為久負(fù)盛名的旅游景觀。(35%)【參考譯文】ThegrandandmagnificentImperialPalaceembodiestheessenceofancientChinesearchitecture,thusitenjoysworldwidefameforitsscaleanduniquearchitecturaldetailing.Alargenumberofrareandpreciousrelicsarepreservedhere,whichareofgreatsignificancetothestudyofMingandQinghistoryandtheartsofpastdynasties.TheImperialPalacechangeditsnametothePalacemuseumin1925andnowisoneofthelargesthistoricalmuseumsintheworld.Itwaslistedonthestate-levelhistoricalsitein1961andpartofworldculturalheritagebytheUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalorganizationin1987.Sincethefoundationofthe

People’sRepublicofChina,significantfundsarebeingallocatedfortheprotectionandmaintenanceoftheImperialPalace,whichremainsthemostfamoussightinBeijing.Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese(75points);1.Lighthadbrokenonthelongprimevaldarknessoftheworld.Nowasthesparkscrackledupwardandsoaredawaytodisappearintothegreatabyssofthenight,astheyellowandorangeflameswingedtheirtaperingandwaveringbeautyupintotheblackvoid,thebondsbetweenthosewhobelongedtoeachotherinthesesmallintimatecommunities—sharingthesameconditions,problemsandpleasuresoflife—becameevermoredeeplyestablishedandenriched,astheirstorytellingbegan:aboutthecharactersoftheanimalstheyhunted;thedangers,excitements,enjoymentsoftheirhuntingexpeditions;thenewthingsintheworldtheywerecontinuallydiscovering,andtheirnewwaysofdealingwiththem;thequalities—seriousandfunny—oftheirowncharactersandthoseoftheircomrades;theawesomedreamstheydreamed—aboutblood,birth,creation,fire,death.Allthemillionmanifoldstoreswhichslowlywentintotheestablishmentofhumancustomsandcultures,grewaboutthesharedfirenowblazingwithlifeatthecenter:thesourceofutilityinthedaytime,andofcomfort,pleasure,andthedelightsandgloriesofimaginationatnight.Insomesuchcontextofhearthandhome,insomesuchways,werebornthebasicsentimentsofhumancivilization;weretheprimaryandenduringvaluesofhumancustom,theprimaryidealsofhumannatureestablished.Andinsuchways,too,theyhavelongcontinuedthroughoutthewholeofhumanhistory.(40%)

【參考譯文】電燈打破了原始世界長(zhǎng)期以來的黑暗。現(xiàn)在隨著劈啪作響的火花向上飆升消失在一望無際的茫茫黑夜中，隨著橙黃色的火焰揮舞著它們細(xì)長(zhǎng)飄動(dòng)的美進(jìn)入黑色的空隙中，居住在這些小小的而有親密的社區(qū)中的人們因?yàn)楣餐袚?dān)生活中相同的條件、問題以及共同分享快樂，彼此依靠，使得他們之間的情誼建立的更加牢固和豐富，隨之他們開始講故事：故事都是關(guān)于他們捕獲的動(dòng)物的特征；他們打獵探險(xiǎn)中的危險(xiǎn)、刺激和喜悅；他們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)的世界中的新鮮事和解決這些新情況的新方法，以及他們自己和他們周圍的人所具有的嚴(yán)肅而又滑稽的品質(zhì)；還有他們心中懷著關(guān)于血緣、出生、創(chuàng)造、火和死亡的精彩絕妙的夢(mèng)想。所有那些逐漸形成人類風(fēng)俗和文化的大量積累在這個(gè)中心產(chǎn)生了現(xiàn)在所共同燃燒著的火：白天它是日常生活實(shí)用的來源，夜晚它帶來了想象中的榮譽(yù)和高興以及舒服和愉悅。在這些家和灶臺(tái)的背景下，用這些方法，誕生了人類文明的基本情感，是人類風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持的最初的價(jià)值和人類天性中建立的最原始的理想。也正是用這些方法，他們才得以在人類的整個(gè)歷史長(zhǎng)河中進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期的突破。2.TheChinese,fromthehighesttothelowest,haveanimperturbablequietdignity,whichisusuallynotdestroyedevenbyaEuropeaneducation.Theyarenotself-assertive,eitherindividuallyornationally;theirprideistooprofoundforself-assertion.TheyadmitChina’smilitaryweaknessincomparisonwithforeignPowers,buttheydonotconsiderefficiencyinhomicidethemostimportantqualityinamanoranation.Ithinkthat,atbottom,theyalmostallbelievethatChinaisthegreatestnationintheworld,andhasthefinestcivilization.AWesternercannotbeexpectedtoacceptthis

view,becauseitisbasedontraditionsutterlydifferentfromhisown.Butgraduallyonecomestofeelthatitis,atanyrate,notanabsurdview;thatitis,infact,thelogicaloutcomeofaself-consistentstandardofvalues.ThetypicalWesternerwishestobethecauseofasmanychangesaspossibleinhisenvironment;thetypicalChinamanwishestoenjoyasmuchandasdelicatelyaspossible.ThisdifferenceisatthebottomofmostofthecontrastbetweenChinaandtheEnglish-speakingworld.(35%)【參考譯文】在中國(guó)，從最高層到最底層，有一種不可擾動(dòng)的尊嚴(yán)，而這種尊嚴(yán)甚至連歐洲的教育也不能破壞。他們不是自大，無論是個(gè)人或全國(guó)性的；他們是那么的自信而非自大。他們承認(rèn)中國(guó)的軍事同外國(guó)相比較起來很弱小，但他們并不認(rèn)為自殺效率是一個(gè)人或一個(gè)民族最重要的品質(zhì)。我認(rèn)為，處于底層的人，他們幾乎都認(rèn)為，中國(guó)是世界上最偉大的國(guó)家，并具有最優(yōu)秀的文明。西方人是無法接受這種觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)檫@和他的傳統(tǒng)意識(shí)的完全違背的。但是逐漸的你會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到，不論在任何層面上來說那并不是個(gè)荒唐的觀點(diǎn)，也就是說事實(shí)上這是一個(gè)基于始終不變的信仰的邏輯輸出結(jié)果。典型的西方人，希望自己可以是影響周圍環(huán)境變化最大最多的因素，而典型中國(guó)人希望盡可能多享受和微不足道。這種差別是處于中國(guó)和西方國(guó)家對(duì)比的最底層，即最基本的比較。

2012年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish(75points);1.不論你的生活如何卑賤，你要面對(duì)它生活，不要躲避它，更別用惡言咒罵它。它不像你那樣壞。你最富有的時(shí)候，倒是看似最窮。愛找缺點(diǎn)的人就是到天堂里也能找到缺點(diǎn)。你要愛你的生活，盡管它貧窮。甚至在一個(gè)濟(jì)貧院里，你也還有愉快、高興、光榮的時(shí)候。夕陽(yáng)反射在濟(jì)貧院的窗上，像身在富戶人家窗上一樣光亮；在那門前，積雪同在早春融化。我只看到，一個(gè)從容的人，在哪里也像在皇宮中一樣，生活得心滿意足而富有愉快的思想。城鎮(zhèn)中的窮人，我看，倒往往是過著最獨(dú)立不羈的生活。也許因?yàn)樗麄兒軅ゴ?，所以受之無愧。大多數(shù)人以為他們是超然的，不靠城鎮(zhèn)來支援他們；可是事實(shí)上他們是往往利用了不正當(dāng)?shù)氖侄蝸韺?duì)付生活，他們是毫不超脫的，毋寧是不體面的。視貧窮如園中之花而像圣人一樣耕植它吧！不要找新的花樣，無論是新的朋友或新的衣服，來麻煩你自己。找舊的，回到那里去。萬物不變，是我們?cè)谧?。你的衣服可以賣掉，但要保留你的思想。(40%)【參考譯文】Howevermeanyourlifeis,meetitandliveit;donotshunitandcallithardnames.Itisnotsobadasyouare.Itlookspoorestwhenyouarerichest.Thefaultfinderwillfindfaultsinparadise.Loveyourlife,poorasitis.Youmayperhapshavesomepleasant,thrilling,glorioushours,eveninapoorhouse.

Thesettingsunisreflectedfromthewindowsofthealms-houseasbrightlyasfromtherichman’sabode;thesnowmeltsbeforeitsdoorasearlyinthespring.Idonotseebutaquietmindmayliveascontentedlythere,andhaveascheeringthoughts,asinapalace.Thetown’spoorseemtomeoftentolivethemostindependentlivesofany.Maybetheyaresimplygreatenoughtoreceivewithoutmisgiving.Mostthinkthattheyareabovebeingsupportedbythetown;butitoftenhappensthattheyarenotabovesupportingthemselvesbydishonestmeans,whichshouldbemoredisreputable.Cultivatepovertylikeagardenherb,likesage.Donottroubleyourselfmuchtogetnewthings,whetherclothesorfriends.Turntheold,returntothem.Thingsdonotchange;wechange.Sellyourclothesbutkeepyourthoughts.2.這是一次具有歷史意義的開拓性的會(huì)議。它反映了亞歐國(guó)家希望獲得世界和平與發(fā)展、希望各洲之間進(jìn)行交流與合作的共同愿望。它顯示了亞洲的成長(zhǎng)，表明了整個(gè)國(guó)際關(guān)系的巨大變化，標(biāo)志著多極化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。我深信這次會(huì)議將對(duì)形成一個(gè)新的世界格局產(chǎn)生積極的影響。我愿借此機(jī)會(huì)向成功主辦了這次會(huì)議的泰王國(guó)政府表示衷心的感謝。建立一個(gè)新的亞歐伙伴關(guān)系要求我們有新的觀念和新的方法。回顧過去，展望未來我認(rèn)為一個(gè)新的亞歐伙伴關(guān)系必須建筑在相互尊重和平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上。我們應(yīng)該求同存異，增進(jìn)相互理解和信任。消除貿(mào)易歧視，反對(duì)貿(mào)易制裁，加強(qiáng)技術(shù)交流與合作。為了增進(jìn)相互理解和信任，亞洲和歐洲應(yīng)該擴(kuò)大和增加政治對(duì)話。就我們而言，我們?cè)敢饪吹綒W盟在一體化進(jìn)程中前進(jìn)，愿意看到歐盟保持獨(dú)立和開放。(35%)【參考譯文】Itisahistoricmeetingofpioneeringnature.Itmirrorsthecommondesireof

AsianandEuropeannationsforworldpeaceanddevelopmentaswellasinter-continentalexchangesandcooperation.ItindicatesthegrowthofAsia,thetremendouschangesintheinternationalrelationsasawhole,andrepresentsthedevelopmentaltrendtowardsmulti-polarity.Ifirmlybelievethatthemeetingwillexertapositiveinfluenceontheshapingofanewworldpattern.IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetotheThaigovernmentforsuccessfullyhostingthemeeting.ToestablishanewAsia-Europepartnershiprequires(callsfor)ustohavenewconceptsandmethods.Reviewingthepastandpreviewingthefuture,IfindthatthenewAsia-Europepartnershipmustbeestablishedonthebasisofmutualrespect,equalityandmutualbenefit.Weshouldseekcommongroundwhilereservingdifferences,promotemutualunderstandingandtrust,eliminatetradediscrimination,refrainfromtradesanctionsandstrengthentechnicalexchangesandcooperation.Topromotemutualunderstandingandtrust,AsiaandEuropeshouldincreasepoliticaldialoguesbetweenthem.Asforus,wewouldliketoseetheEUadvanceintheprocessofintegrationandwewouldalsoliketohopethattheEUremainsindependentandopen.Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese(75points);1.Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overagreatoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy—ecstasysogreatthatI

wouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,next,becauseitrelievesloneliness--thatterriblelonelinessinwhichoneshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.Ihavesoughtitfinally,becauseintheunionofloveIhaveseen,inamysticminiature,theprefiguringvisionoftheheaventhatsaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,thisiswhat--atlast--Ihavefound.WithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge.Ihavewishedtounderstandtheheartsofmen.Ihavewishedtoknowwhythestarsshine.AndIhavetriedtoapprehendthePythagoreanpowerbywhichnumberholdsswayabovetheflux.Alittleofthis,butnotmuch,Ihaveachieved.Loveandknowledge,sofarastheywerepossible,ledupwardtowardtheheavens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Echoesofcriesofpainreverberateinmyheart.Childreninfamine,victimstorturedbyoppressors,helplessoldpeopleaburdentotheirsons,andthewholeworldofloneliness,poverty,andpainmakeamockeryofwhathumanlifeshouldbe.Ilongtoalleviatethisevil,butIcannot,andItoosuffer.Thishasbeenmylife.Ihavefounditworthliving,andwouldgladlyliveitagainifthechancewereofferedme.(40%)【參考譯文】三種單純?nèi)欢鴺O其強(qiáng)烈的激情支配著我的一生，那就是對(duì)于愛情的渴望，對(duì)于知識(shí)的追求，以及對(duì)于人類苦難痛徹肺腑的憐憫。這些激情猶如狂風(fēng)，把我在伸展到絕望邊緣的深深的苦海上東拋西擲，使我的生活沒有定向。

我追求愛情，首先因?yàn)樗形忆N魂，愛情令人銷魂的魅力使我常常樂意為了幾小時(shí)這樣的快樂而犧牲生活中其他的一切。我追求愛情，又因?yàn)樗軠p輕孤獨(dú)感——那種一個(gè)顫抖的靈魂望著世界邊緣之外冰冷而無生命的無底深淵時(shí)所感到的可怕的孤獨(dú)。我追求愛情，還因?yàn)閻鄣慕Y(jié)合使我在一種神秘的縮影中提前看到了圣者和詩(shī)人曾經(jīng)想象過的天堂。這就是我所追求的，盡管人的生活似乎還不配享有它，但它畢竟是我終于找到的東西。我以同樣的激情追求知識(shí)。我想理解人類的心靈。我想了解星辰為何燦爛。我還試圖弄懂畢達(dá)哥拉斯學(xué)說，它認(rèn)為數(shù)是高居于感性流變之上的永恒力量。我在這方面略有成就，但不多。愛情和知識(shí)只要存在，總是向上導(dǎo)往天堂。但是，憐憫又總是把我?guī)Щ厝碎g。痛苦的呼喊在我心中反響、回蕩。孩子們受饑荒煎熬，無辜者被壓迫者折磨，孤弱無助的老人在自己的兒子眼中變成可惡的累贅，以及世上觸目皆是的孤獨(dú)、貧困和痛苦——這些都是對(duì)人類應(yīng)該過的生活的嘲弄。我渴望能減少罪惡，可我做不到，于是我也感到痛苦。這就是我的一生。我覺得這一生是值得活的。如果可能再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)，我將欣然重活一次。2.TheChinese,fromthehighesttothelowest,haveanimperturbablequietdignity,whichisusuallynotdestroyedevenbyaEuropeaneducation.Theyarenotself-assertive,eitherindividuallyornationally;theirprideistooprofoundforself-assertion.TheyadmitChina’smilitaryweaknessincomparisonwithforeignPowers,buttheydonotconsiderefficiencyinhomicidethemostimportantqualityinamanoranation.Ithinkthat,at

bottom,theyalmostallbelievethatChinaisthegreatestnationintheworld,andhasthefinestcivilization.AWesternercannotbeexpectedtoacceptthisview,becauseitisbasedontraditionsutterlydifferentfromhisown.Butgraduallyonecomestofeelthatitis,atanyrate,notanabsurdview;thatitis,infact,thelogicaloutcomeofaself-consistentstandardofvalues.ThetypicalWesternerwishestobethecauseofasmanychangesaspossibleinhisenvironment;thetypicalChinamanwishestoenjoyasmuchandasdelicatelyaspossible.ThisdifferenceisatthebottomofmostofthecontrastbetweenChinaandtheEnglish-speakingworld.(35%)【參考譯文】在中國(guó)，從最高層到最底層，有一種不可擾動(dòng)的尊嚴(yán)，而這種尊嚴(yán)甚至連歐洲的教育也不能破壞。他們不是自大，無論是個(gè)人或全國(guó)性的；他們是那么地自信而非自大。他們承認(rèn)中國(guó)的軍事同外國(guó)相比較起來很弱小，但他們并不認(rèn)為自殺效率是一個(gè)人或一個(gè)民族最重要的品質(zhì)。我認(rèn)為，處于底層的人，他們幾乎都認(rèn)為，中國(guó)是世界上最偉大的國(guó)家，并具有最優(yōu)秀的文明。西方人是無法接受這種觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)檫@和他的傳統(tǒng)意識(shí)的完全違背的。但是逐漸的你會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到，不論在任何層面上來說那并不是個(gè)荒唐的觀點(diǎn)，也就是說事實(shí)上，這是一個(gè)基于始終不變的信仰的邏輯輸出結(jié)果。典型的西方人，希望自己可以是影響周圍環(huán)境變化最大最多的因素，而典型中國(guó)人希望盡可能多享受和微不足道。這種差別是處于中國(guó)和西方國(guó)家對(duì)比的最底層，即最基本的比較。

2013年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish(75points);1.我們將高舉中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論和“三個(gè)代表”重要思想為指導(dǎo)，深入貫徹落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，繼續(xù)處理好經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)、管理通脹預(yù)期的關(guān)系，加快推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式轉(zhuǎn)變和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，著力保障和改善民生，努力鞏固經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展良好勢(shì)頭。我們將堅(jiān)持“一國(guó)兩制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方針，同廣大香港同胞、澳門同胞攜手努力，保持香港、澳門長(zhǎng)期繁榮穩(wěn)定。我們將堅(jiān)持“和平統(tǒng)一，一國(guó)兩制”的方針，繼續(xù)推動(dòng)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展，維護(hù)中華民族根本利益，增進(jìn)兩岸同胞共同利益。和平、發(fā)展、合作是時(shí)代的呼喚，是各國(guó)人民共同利益之所在。當(dāng)前，世界多極化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化深入發(fā)展，各國(guó)相互依存程度加深，但世界經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的不穩(wěn)定性上，國(guó)際和地區(qū)熱點(diǎn)此起彼伏，世界和平與發(fā)展面臨新的機(jī)遇和挑戰(zhàn)。中國(guó)將繼續(xù)恪守維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展的外交政策宗旨。(40%)【參考譯文】WewillunswervinglyadheretotheroadofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,followtheguidelinesofDengXiaopingTheoryandtheimportantthoughtofThreeRepresents,andfurthercarryouttheScientificOutlookonDevelopment.Wewillcontinuetoproperlydealwiththe

relationshipamongmaintainingastableandrelativelyfasteconomicgrowth,adjustingeconomicstructureandmanaginginflationexpectations.Wewillacceleratethechangeofeconomicdevelopmentmodeandstructuraladjustment,focusonensuringandimprovingpeople’slivelihoodandworkhardtoconsolidatethehealthymomentumofeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Wewillupholdtheprinciplesof“onecountry,twosystems”,“HongKongpeoplegoverningHongKong”and“MacaopeoplegoverningMacao”withahighdegreeofautonomy.WewillworktogetherwithourcompatriotsinHongKongandMacaotomaintainlong-termprosperityandstabilityinthetwoSpecialAdministrativeRegions.Wewilladheretotheprinciplesof“peacefulreunificationandonecountry,twosystems,”continuetopromotethepeacefuldevelopmentofcross-Straitsrelations,maintaintheessentialinterestsoftheChinesenationandenhancethecommoninterestsofcompatriotsonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraits.Peace,developmentandcooperationarethecallsofthetimeandservethecommoninterestsofpeopleofallcountries.Atpresent,theworldismovingfurthertowardspoliticalmulti-polarityandeconomicglobalizationwhilecountriesaredependingmoreandmoreoneachother.However,therecoveryoftheworldeconomyisfacinggrowinginstabilityanduncertainty.Internationalandregionalhotissueshavecroppeduponeafteranother.Worldpeaceanddevelopmentarefacingnewopportunitiesandchallenges.Chinawillcontinuetofollowitsdiplomaticmissionofmaintainingworldpeaceandpromotingcommondevelopment.2.有時(shí)候，在工作中重要的倒是能否處理好人際關(guān)系而不是有多大的才

能。人際關(guān)系就是一種善于聽取別人的意見，體察別人的需要，虛心接受批評(píng)的能力。善于處理人際關(guān)系的人敢于承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤，敢于承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任，這是對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤的一種成熟和負(fù)責(zé)任的態(tài)度。這就是為什么許多平平庸庸的公司雇員在大調(diào)整中保住了位置，而有才能的人反而下崗。因?yàn)樗麄兒茏⒁馓幚砀鞣矫娴年P(guān)系，所以八面玲瓏，到處有緣。而人際關(guān)系差的人往往不能處理好批評(píng)。碰到錯(cuò)誤，他們首先想到自己，拒不承認(rèn)自己有錯(cuò)，或情緒低落或大發(fā)雷霆，成為有刺的人，難以相處。(35%)【參考譯文】Sometimesitisinterpersonalskillsratherthanprofessionalskillsthatreallycountinyourcareer.Interpersonalskillsarenothingbuttheabilitytobegoodlistener,tobesensitivetowardother’sneeds,totakecriticismwell.Peoplewithskillinsocialrelationsadmittheirmistakes,andtaketheirshareofblame,whichisamatureandresponsiblewaytohandleanerror.That’swhymanymediocreemployeessurviveviolentcorporateupheavalswhilepeopleofgreattalentarebeinglaidoff.Sensitiveintheirdealingswithothers,theyarewelllikedeverywhere.Peoplewithpoorinterpersonalskillshavetroubletakingcriticism.Whenconfrontedwithamistake,theylettheiregogetintheway.Theydenyresponsibilityandbecomemoodyorangry.Theyarepricklyanddifficulttogetalongwith.Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese(75points);1.Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryas

theattempttorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.Caughtinthewebofitsowntimeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantforitinthepast.Inthissearchtheevidencefoundisalwaysincompleteandscattered;itisalsofrequentlypartialorpartisan.Theironyofthehistorian’scraftisthatitspractitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsarebutcontributionstoanunendingprocess.Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengetothevalidityofhistoryasanintellectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrelsamonghistoriansthemselves.Whilehistoryoncerevereditsaffinitytoliteratureandphilosophy,theemergingsocialsciencesseemedtoaffordgreateropportunitiesforaskingnewquestionsandprovidingrewardingapproachestoanunderstandingofthepast.Socialsciencemethodologieshadtobeadaptedtoadisciplinegovernedbytheprimacyofhistoricalsourcesratherthantheimperativesofthecontemporaryworld.Duringthistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedbyadditionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthehistoricalstudy.(25%)【參考譯文】每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對(duì)史學(xué)都有自己的界定，但現(xiàn)代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨于認(rèn)為歷史學(xué)是試圖重現(xiàn)過去的重大史實(shí)并對(duì)其做出解釋。由于受時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的限制，每一代史學(xué)家都要重新判斷過去哪些史料對(duì)其有重要價(jià)值。在這種探索中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的證據(jù)總是不完整的、零碎的，而且常常是有偏見的或帶有派別意識(shí)的。實(shí)際從事歷史研究的人總是知道，他們的努力只不過是為永無止境的探索過程添磚加瓦，這就使其工作頗具諷刺意味。人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法論，主要是因?yàn)槭穼W(xué)界內(nèi)部意見不一，其次是因?yàn)橥饨绮⒉徽J(rèn)為歷史是一門學(xué)問。盡管歷史學(xué)曾經(jīng)崇尚它與文學(xué)

和哲學(xué)的相似性，但新興的社會(huì)科學(xué)似乎為人們提出新問題和提供了解過去的有效途徑開辟了更為廣闊的天地。社會(huì)科學(xué)研究的方法必須改變以適應(yīng)這樣一條指導(dǎo)，即以史料為基礎(chǔ)，而不是為當(dāng)代社會(huì)之需。在這種轉(zhuǎn)變中，歷史學(xué)家研究歷史時(shí)，那些解釋新史料的新方法充實(shí)了傳統(tǒng)的歷史研究方法。2.SinceDarwin,biologistshavebeen-firmlyconvincedthatnatureworkswithoutplanormeaning,pursuingnoaimbythedirectroadofdesign.Buttodayweseethatthisconvictionisafatalerror.Whyshouldevolution,exactlyasDarwinknewitanddescribedit,beplanlessandirrational?Donotaircraftdesignengineer’swork,atpreciselythatpointwherespecificcalculationsandplansgiveout,accordingtothesameprincipleofevolution,whentheytesttheserviceabilityofagreatnumberofstatisticallydeterminedformsinthewindtunnel,inordertochoosetheonethatfunctionsbest?Canwesaythatthereisnoprocessofnaturalselectionwhennuclearphysicists,throughthousandsofcomputeroperations,trytofindoutwhichmaterials,inwhichcombinationsandwithwhatstructuralform,arebestsuitedtothebuildingofanatomicreactor?Theyalsopracticenodesignedadaptation,butworkbytheprincipleofselection.Butitwouldneveroccurtoanyonetocalltheirmethodplanlessandirrational.(25%)【參考譯文】自從達(dá)爾文以來，生物學(xué)家們一直堅(jiān)信，大自然的動(dòng)作是沒有計(jì)劃的或者是沒有意義的，它不會(huì)通過直接的設(shè)計(jì)途徑去追求目標(biāo)。但是，今天我們知道，這一信念是個(gè)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。為什么恰如達(dá)爾文所理解和描述的進(jìn)化就該是無計(jì)劃、無理性的呢？當(dāng)飛機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)工程師們利用風(fēng)洞對(duì)大量

的、根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)制造的機(jī)體模型的耐用性能進(jìn)行檢試，以從中選出功能最佳的設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，他們不也正是在具體運(yùn)算和計(jì)劃不起作用的情況下，根據(jù)同樣的進(jìn)化原理進(jìn)行工作的嗎？當(dāng)核物理學(xué)家經(jīng)過上萬次的計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)算，試圖找出是哪些材料、以怎樣的結(jié)合方式、以及什么的結(jié)構(gòu)形式才最適宜用于原子核反應(yīng)堆的建造時(shí)，我們能夠說這中間沒有自然選擇的過程么？他們也未進(jìn)行事先設(shè)計(jì)的適應(yīng)性調(diào)節(jié)，而是根據(jù)選擇原理開展工作的。但是人們從未認(rèn)為這種方法是無計(jì)劃、不理性的。

2014年寧波大學(xué)外國(guó)語學(xué)院357英語翻譯基礎(chǔ)考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish(75points);1.如果說“義”代表一種倫理的人生態(tài)度，“利”代表一種功利的人生態(tài)度，那么，我所說的“情”便代表一種審美的人生態(tài)度。它主張率性而行，適情而止，每個(gè)人都保持自己的真性情。你不是你所信奉的教義，也不是你所占有的物品，你之為你僅在于你的真實(shí)“自我”。生命的意義不在奉獻(xiàn)或占有，而在創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)造就是人的真性情的積極展開，是人在實(shí)現(xiàn)其本質(zhì)力量時(shí)所獲得的情感上的滿足。創(chuàng)造不同于奉獻(xiàn)，奉獻(xiàn)只是完成外在的責(zé)任，創(chuàng)造卻是實(shí)現(xiàn)真實(shí)的"自我"。至于創(chuàng)造和占有，其差別更是一目了然，譬如寫作，占有注重的是作品所帶來的名利地位，創(chuàng)造注重的只是創(chuàng)作本身的快樂。有真性情的人，與人相處惟求情感的溝通，與物相處獨(dú)鐘情趣的品味。更為可貴的是，在世人匆忙逐利又為利所逐的時(shí)代，他待人接物有一種閑適之情。我不是指中國(guó)士大夫式的閑情逸致，也不是指小農(nóng)式的知足保守，而是指一種不為利驅(qū)、不為物役的淡泊的生活情懷。仍以寫作為例，我想不通，一個(gè)人何必要著作等身呢?倘想流芳千古，一首不朽的小詩(shī)足矣。倘無此奢求，則只要活得自在即可，寫作也不過是這活得自在的一種方式罷了。(40%)【參考譯文】Ifwesayvirtuerepresentsanethicallifeandbenefitrepresentsautilitarianone,thenpassionthatIputforwardrepresentsanaestheticone.Itadvocates

actioninpassions,butinapropershare.Everyonenourisheshisrealpassions.Youarenotthedoctrinesyouembrace,northepossessionyoukeep.Whatdetermineswhomyouareistotallyduetoyourrealself.Thesignificanceoflifedoesnotcomeofdevotionorofpossession,butofcreation.Creationisanactivedevelopmentofrealpassionsofhumanbeings,asatisfactionofpassionsacquiredinthecourseoffulfillingone’sutmostpotential.Creation,differentfromdevotion,isarealizationoftherealself,butdevotionisonlyafinishofresponsibilityforthesociety.Asforcreationandpossession,theirdifferencesareclearataglance.Takewritingasanexample.Possessionlaysitsemphasisonthefame,gainsandstatusbroughtbyworks,whilecreationonthepleasuresofwritingitself.Amaninpassionsonlypursuescommunicationofpassionsinhiscontactwithpeople.Whenwithathing,hejusttastesitsflavor.Themorepreciousisthatatanagewhenpeoplehurrytopursuebenefitoraredrivenbyit,amaninpassionscanstillkeepidlenessinhisbehaviors.HereIdon’trefertotheidlenessoftheChinesescholar-bureaucrats,nortothecontentandconservativenessoftheChinesesmallholders,buttoasimplelifestylewithoutbenefitdriveandmaterialdrive.Takewritingasanexampleonceagain.Ican’tunderstandwhyoneshouldwritethatmuch.Ifhedesirestoberememberedforever,ashortenduringpoemisenoughtohelp.Ifhedoesn’tcherishthisdesire,alifeatwillisenoughtoo.Writingisnootherthanakindoflifeatwill.2.在“我”和“我們”之間，是以“他人”作為連接點(diǎn)的?！拔摇币颉八恕倍蔀椤拔摇?；“我們”因“他人”而成為“我們”。當(dāng)“我們”過度地強(qiáng)化、放大“我”，而舍棄“他人”的時(shí)候，“我”便處于四面受敵的孤立無援之中。在我們的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)性中，“他人”這一概念，更多的情況下，只是一種被供

奉的虛設(shè)牌位。我們的成語中曾有“以鄰為壑”一詞，可以佐證；有“只掃自家門前雪，哪管他人瓦上霜”的諺語，可以證言。即便在集體主義理想教育最為鼎盛之時(shí)，“他人”不僅未能成為國(guó)人的自覺意識(shí)，“他人”反而意味著告密、背叛、異己、危險(xiǎn)、離間等等。這種體制下的集體主義文化，終于導(dǎo)致了“他人即地獄”的嚴(yán)酷后果。聞“他人”而心顫，近“他人”而喪膽。也許正是由于對(duì)“他人”的恐懼，“文革”之后，“我們”迅速土崩瓦解，“我”自仰天長(zhǎng)嘯——而“他人”卻不得不退出公眾的視線，淡化為一個(gè)可有可無的虛詞，成為公民道德的模糊地帶。(35%)【參考譯文】Howeverthereisaconnectionhubbetween“I”and“we”,being“others”.“I”becomes“I”becauseof“others”.“We”becomes“we”becauseof“others”.When“we”isover-inflated,amplifying“I”andthereforedisposingof“others”,“I”isundersiegefromfourcornerswithoutanyaid.Thetendencyinourethniccharacter,inmanycircumstances,hasplacetheconceptof“others”tobeworshipedonanunfoundedmortar.ThisissoprovedbyoneofourChinesefour-wordidioms:namely,ignoreyourneighbor,alsoasaChineseproverbgoes:wipeupthesnowatourdoor,don’tbotherwiththeicebergontheroofofmyneighbor.Evenintheheydayofpreachingcollectivismandidealism,“others”couldnotbeaself-remindertoourfellowcitizen,butanequivalenttowhistle-blower,betrayer,enemy,danger,alienationandsoforth.Thecollectivismundersuchsystemfinallyresultedinadisastrousimplicationthatothersmeanevils.Becauseofanythingrelatedto“others”,heartisshaken,andfaithislost.Probably,becauseofthefearof“others”,aftertheCulturalRevolution,“we”collapsedwhile“I”begantosurge,and“others”hastoshyawayfromthepublicdominiondevolvingto

aninsignificantphrasewhichisagrayareainthepublicethics.Ⅱ.TranslatethefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese(75points);1.AndIwantbeautyinmylife.Ihaveseenbeautyinasunsetandinthespringwoodsandintheeyesofdiverswomen,butnowthesehappyaccidentsoflightandcolornolongerthrillme.AndIwantbeautyinmylifeitself,ratherthaninsuchchancesasbefallit.Itseemstomethatmanyactionsofmylifewerebeautiful,verylongago,whenIwasyounginanevanishedworldoffriendlygirls,whowereallmorelovelythananygirlisnowadays.Forwomennowaremerelymoreorlessgood-looking,andasIknow,theirlookswhenattheirbesthavebeenpainstakinglyenhancedandedited.ButIwouldlikethislifewhichmovesandyearnsinme,tobeableitselftoattaintocomeliness,thoughbutintransitoryperformance.Thelifeofabutterfly,forexample,isjustagracefulgesture:andyet,inthatitslovelinessiscompleteandperfectlyroundedinitself,Ienvythisbrightflickerthroughexistence.AndthenearestIcancometomyidealispunctiliouslytopaymybills,bepolitetomywife,andcontributetodeservingcharities:andtheprogramdoesnotseem,somehow,quiteadequate.Therearemybooks,Iknow;andthereisbeauty“embalmedandtreasuredup”inmanypagesofmybooks,andinthebooksofotherpersons,too,whichImayreadatwill:butthisdesireinborninmeisnottobesatiatedbymakingmarksuponpaper,norbydecipheringthem.Inshort,Iamenamoredofthatflawlessbeautyofwhichallpoetshaveperturbedlydivinedtheexistencesomewhere,andwhichlifeasmenknowitsimplydoesnotaffordnoranywhereforesee.(40%)

【參考譯文】我希望生活中有美。我曾在落日余暉、春日樹林和女人的眼中看見過美，可如今與這些光彩邂逅已不再令我激動(dòng)。我期盼的是生命本身之美，而非偶然降臨的美的瞬間。我覺得很久以前我生活行為中也充溢著美，那時(shí)我尚年輕，置身于一群遠(yuǎn)比當(dāng)今姑娘更為友善可愛的姑娘之中，置身于一個(gè)如今已消失的世界。時(shí)下女人不過是多少顯得有幾分姿色，而據(jù)我所知，她們最靚麗的容顏都經(jīng)過煞費(fèi)苦心的設(shè)色縛彩。但我希望這在我心中涌動(dòng)并期盼的生命能綻放出自身之美，縱然其美麗會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝。比如蝴蝶的一生不過翩然一瞬，但在這翩然一瞬間，其美麗得以完善，其生命得以完美。我羨慕一生中有這種美麗閃爍?？晌易罱咏依硐肷畹男袨橹皇且唤z不茍地付賬單，對(duì)妻子相敬如賓，捐善款恰宜至當(dāng)，而這些無論如何也遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。當(dāng)然，還有我那些書，在我自己撰寫以及我可隨意翻閱的他人所撰寫的書中，都有美“封藏”于萬千書頁(yè)之間。但我與生俱來的這種欲望并不滿足于在紙上寫美或從書中讀美。簡(jiǎn)而言之，我所迷戀的那種無暇之美，那種天下詩(shī)人在忐忑中發(fā)現(xiàn)存在于某處的美，那種世人所知的凡塵生活無法賜予也無法預(yù)見的美。2.Whatisitthatwemeanbyliterature?Popularly,andamongstthethoughtless,itisheldtoincludeeverythingthatisprintedinabook.Littlelogicisrequiredtodisturbthatdefinition.Themostthoughtlesspersoniseasilymadeawarethatintheideaofliteratureoneessentialelementissomerelationtoageneralandcommoninterestofman—sothatwhatappliesonlytoalocal,orprofessional,ormerelypersonalinterest,eventhoughpresentingitselfintheshapeofabook,willnotbelongtoLiterature.Sofarthedefinitioniseasilynarrowed;anditisaseasilyexpanded.Fornotonlyis

muchthattakesastationinbooksnotliterature;butinversely,muchthatreallyisliteratureneverreachesastationinbooks.TheweeklysermonsofChristendom,thatvastpulpitliteraturewhichactssoextensivelyuponthepopularmind—towarn,touphold,torenew,tocomfort,toalarm—doesnotattainthesanctuaryoflibrariesintheten-thousandthpartofitsextent.TheDramaagain—as,forinstance,thefinestofShakespeare’splaysinEngland,andallleadingAthenianplaysinthe